1.1. 什么是链表
a. 链表是一种常见的基础数据结构
b. 链表是由节点(结构体)组成的,节点中包含:有效数据和指针。
c. 链表的内存要求比较灵活,一般不能用栈,也不能用data数据段。只能用堆内存。
1.2. 链表与数组差别
1.2.1. 链表就是用来解决数组的大小不能动态扩展的问题,所以链表其实就是当数组用的
1.2.2. 数组定义好长度后不能重新改变数组长度,而链表可以不受限制扩展
二. 内核中链表分析
2.1. 链表头文件分析
a. 此文件是参考linux内核中相关链表文件
b. 链表结构体中只有前链表指针和后链表指针,如此实现链表指针和数据分离
#ifndef __MYLIST__H #define __MYLIST__H #define offsetof(type,member) ((int)&(((type *)0)->member)) //通过结构体成员指针获取结构体指针位置 #define container_of(ptr, type, member) ({ \ const typeof( ((type *)0)->member ) *__mptr = (ptr); \ (type *)( (char *)__mptr - offsetof(type,member) );}) //链表结构体 struct list_head { struct list_head *next, *prev; }; //链表初始化 static inline void INIT_LIST_HEAD(struct list_head *list) { list->next = list; list->prev = list; } #ifndef CONFIG_DEBUG_LIST static inline void __list_add(struct list_head *new, struct list_head *prev, struct list_head *next) { next->prev = new; new->next = next; new->prev = prev; prev->next = new; } #else extern void __list_add(struct list_head *new, struct list_head *prev, struct list_head *next); #endif //添加至链表首部 static inline void list_add(struct list_head *new, struct list_head *head) { __list_add(new, head, head->next); } //添加到链表尾部 static inline void list_add_tail(struct list_head *new, struct list_head *head) { __list_add(new, head->prev, head); } //判断链表是否为空 /** * list_empty - tests whether a list is empty * @head: the list to test. */ /* if empty return 1,else 0 */ static inline int list_empty(const struct list_head *head) { return head->next == head; } /* * Delete a list entry by making the prev/next entries * point to each other. * * This is only for internal list manipulation where we know * the prev/next entries already! */ static inline void __list_del(struct list_head * prev, struct list_head * next) { next->prev = prev; prev->next = next; } //删除操作 static inline void list_del(struct list_head *entry) { __list_del(entry->prev, entry->next); entry->next = NULL; entry->prev = NULL; } //获取链表的数据指针 #define list_entry(ptr, type, member) \ container_of(ptr, type, member) //遍历链表 #define list_for_each(pos, head) \ for (pos = (head)->next; pos != (head); pos = pos->next) //遍历过程中如果对链表有删除操作需要使用这个接口 #define list_for_each_safe(pos, n, head) \ for (pos = (head)->next, n = pos->next; pos != (head); \ pos = n, n = pos->next) //遍历链表元素 #define list_for_each_entry(pos, head, member) \ for (pos = list_entry((head)->next, typeof(*pos), member); \ &pos->member != (head); \ pos = list_entry(pos->member.next, typeof(*pos), member)) #define list_for_each_entry_safe(pos, n, head, member) \ for (pos = list_entry((head)->next, typeof(*pos), member), \ n = list_entry(pos->member.next, typeof(*pos), member); \ &pos->member != (head); \ pos = n, n = list_entry(n->member.next, typeof(*n), member)) //取第一个元素 #define list_first_entry(ptr, type, member) \ list_entry((ptr)->next, type, member) #endif