c#（WinForm）遍历局域网计算机（电脑）获取IP和计算机名称（转）

http://blog.bossma.cn/dotnet/csharp_winform_lan_get_ip_and_computername/

c#可以遍历局域网计算机，获取全部计算机的名称和IP地址，网上提供了相关的几种方法，并对效率进行了比较，但是没有对各种方法进行比较，以确定可以使用的情况。这篇文章将对这几种方法进行分析，以帮助了解各种方法适用的情况。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.NetworkInformation;
using System.IO;
using System.Collections;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.DirectoryServices;
using System.Management;
 
namespace SocketTransferFile
{
    /// <summary>
    ///
    /// </summary>
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        //局域网计算机列表
        List<LocalMachine> machineList = new List<LocalMachine>();
 
        //Form构造函数
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            InitData();
        }
 
        /// <summary>
        /// 初始化数据
        /// </summary>
        private void InitData()
        {
            lvLocalMachine.Items.Clear();
            machineList.Clear();
 
            //获取当前域的计算机列表
            label4.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString();
            GetAllLocalMachines();
 
            foreach (LocalMachine machine in machineList)
            {
                ListViewItem item = new ListViewItem(new string[] { machine.Name, machine.IP });
                lvLocalMachine.Items.Add(item);
            }
            label5.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString();
 
            //获取Active Directory中的计算机节点
            //label4.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString();
            //EnumComputers();
            //label5.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString();
 
            //获取指定IP范围内的计算机
            //label4.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString();
            //EnumComputersByPing();
            //label5.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString();
        }
 
        /// <summary>
        /// Handles the Click event of the button1 control.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender">The source of the event.</param>
        /// <param name="e">The <see cref="System.EventArgs"/> instance containing the event data.</param>
        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            InitData();
        }
 
        /// <summary>
        /// 获取指定IP范围内的计算机
        /// </summary>
        private void EnumComputersByPing()
        {
            try
            {
                for (int i = 1; i <= 254; i++)
                {
                    Ping myPing;
                    myPing = new Ping();
                    myPing.PingCompleted += new PingCompletedEventHandler(_myPing_PingCompleted);
 
                    string pingIP = "192.168.1." + i.ToString();
                    myPing.SendAsync(pingIP, 1000, null);
                }
            }
            catch
            {
            }
        }
 
        /// <summary>
        /// Handles the PingCompleted event of the _myPing control.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender">The source of the event.</param>
        /// <param name="e">The <see cref="System.Net.NetworkInformation.PingCompletedEventArgs"/> instance containing the event data.</param>
        private void _myPing_PingCompleted(object sender, PingCompletedEventArgs e)
        {
            if (e.Reply.Status == IPStatus.Success)
            {
                LocalMachine localMachine = new LocalMachine();
                localMachine.IP = e.Reply.Address.ToString();
                //localMachine.Name = Dns.GetHostByAddress(IPAddress.Parse(e.Reply.Address.ToString())).HostName;
                localMachine.Name = Dns.Resolve(e.Reply.Address.ToString()).HostName;
 
                ListViewItem item = new ListViewItem(new string[] { localMachine.Name, localMachine.IP });
                lvLocalMachine.Items.Add(item);
            }
        }
 
        /// <summary>
        /// 获取Active Directory中的计算机节点
        /// </summary>
        private void EnumComputers()
        {
            using (DirectoryEntry root = new DirectoryEntry("WinNT:"))
            {
                foreach (DirectoryEntry domain in root.Children)
                {
                    foreach (DirectoryEntry computer in domain.Children)
                    {
                        if (computer.Name == "Schema")
                        {
                            continue;
                        }
 
                        try
                        {
                            LocalMachine localMachine = new LocalMachine();
                            localMachine.IP = Dns.GetHostEntry(computer.Name).AddressList[0].ToString();
                            localMachine.Name = computer.Name;
 
                            ListViewItem item = new ListViewItem(new string[] { localMachine.Name, localMachine.IP });
                            lvLocalMachine.Items.Add(item);
                        }
                        catch
                        {
 
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
 
        /// <summary>
        /// 获取当前域的计算机列表
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private void GetAllLocalMachines()
        {
            Process p = new Process();
            p.StartInfo.FileName = "net";
            p.StartInfo.Arguments = "view";
            p.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
            p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardInput = true;
            p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
            p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardError = true;
            p.StartInfo.CreateNoWindow = true;
            p.Start();
            p.StandardInput.WriteLine("exit");
 
            StreamReader reader = p.StandardOutput;
 
            for (string line = reader.ReadLine(); line != null; line = reader.ReadLine())
            {
                line = line.Trim();
                if (line.StartsWith(@"\\"))
                {
                    string name = line.Substring(2).Trim();
 
                    //如果有路由器，会列出路由器，但是获取不到IP地址，会报错
                    try
                    {
                        LocalMachine localMachine = new LocalMachine();
 
                        localMachine.IP = Dns.GetHostEntry(name).AddressList[0].ToString();
                        localMachine.Name = name;
 
                        machineList.Add(localMachine);
                    }
                    catch
                    {
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

这里使用了三种方法遍历局域网计算机。
1、获取当前域的计算机列表：GetAllLocalMachines
使用net命令，传递参数view，列出当前电脑所在域的所有计算机名称（完整的计算机名称）。
然后通过计算机名称获取IP地址。
适合局域网单一域的情况，测试了几次比DirectoryEntry的方式要快，不过没有进行大规模更广泛的测试。
可能无法获取工作组的服务器列表。

2、获取Active Directory中的计算机节点：EnumComputers
通过DirectoryEntry查找WinNT下的子节点，获取局域网中全部计算机的名称（完整的计算机名称）。
然后通过计算机名称获取IP地址。
可以获取局域网全部的计算机，不仅是某一个域的。速度比较慢。

3、获取指定IP范围内的计算机:EnumComputersByPing
适用c#自带的Ping，扫描当前计算机所在网段的IP地址，如果有回应，则证明计算机存在。
然后通过IP地址获取计算机名称（不一定是真正的计算机名称，可能是IIS的名称）。
需要指定IP段，不能获取真正的计算机名称。速度较快。如果需要过滤掉网关，还得自己写判断。

还有通过arp命令，和使用net命令类似，但是只能获取IP和mac地址，不能获取计算机名称。


 

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