一 路由系统进阶(urls.py)
动态路由
urls.py中通过正则表达式的分组匹配，捕获用户访问的url中的值，传递给视图函数
1 分组匹配（通过圆括号）：
相当于给视图函数传递 位置参数
例子：
1 from django.conf.urls import url 2 3 from . import views 4 5 urlpatterns = [ 6 url(r'^articles/2003/$', views.special_case_2003), 7 url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/$', views.year_archive), 8 url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/$', views.month_archive), 9 url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/([0-9]+)/$', views.article_detail), 10 ]
2 分组命名匹配：
相当于给视图函数传递 关键字参数
在Python的正则表达式中，分组命名正则表达式组的语法是(?P<name>pattern)，其中name是组的名称，pattern是要匹配的模式。
例子：
1 from django.conf.urls import url 2 3 from . import views 4 5 urlpatterns = [ 6 url(r'^articles/2003/$', views.special_case_2003), 7 url(r'^articles/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/$', views.year_archive), 8 url(r'^articles/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/(?P<month>[0-9]{2})/$', views.month_archive), 9 url(r'^articles/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/(?P<month>[0-9]{2})/(?P<day>[0-9]{2})/$', views.article_detail), 10 ]
3 name
防止将url硬编码到我们的业务逻辑代码中，给url起别名
通过别名，反向找到 url
配置：
在views.py中：
from django.urls import reverse
具体的url = reverse('url别名')
例子：
urls.py里面配置：
url(r'^publisher_list/$', views.publisher_list, name="alex")
vivews.py引用：
# def edit_publisher(request, edit_id): # print(reverse('alex')) # print("=" * 120) # if request.method == "POST": # new_name = request.POST.get("name888") # # 去数据库修改出版社名字 # obj = models.Publisher.objects.get(id=edit_id) # obj.name = new_name # obj.save() # return redirect(reverse('alex')) #返回一个url # print(edit_id) # publisher_obj = models.Publisher.objects.get(id=edit_id) # return render(request, "edit_publisher.html", {"obj": publisher_obj})
4 传参数的两种写法（一不小心就被坑了）
例子一：url传参
1 urls.py配置：
url(r'^edit_publisher/$', views.edit_publisher),
2 views.py
3 def edit_publisher(request):
if request.method=="POST": 4 #获取用户更改的id 5 edit_id=request.POST.get("id")#从浏览器传的参数获取的id 6 new_name=request.POST.get("name")#从form表单获取的名字 7 #去数据库找到这条记录 8 obj=models.Publisher.objects.get(id=edit_id) 9 obj.name=new_name 10 obj.save() 11 return redirect("/publisher_list/") 12 else: 13 edit_id = request.GET.get("id") 14 publisher_edit = models.Publisher.objects.get(id=edit_id) 15 return render(request,"edit_publisher.html",{"obj":publisher_edit})
注意：#上面红色字体里面的的obj一定要和你相应的edit_publisher里面的value,里面的一致，比如value=obj.name 这里就一定用obj
3 html配置：
publisher_list.html
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html lang="en"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <title>出版社列表</title> 6 <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap-3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css"> 7 </head> 8 <body> 9 <div class="container"> 10 <div class="row"> 11 <div class="col-md-8 col-sm-offset-2"> 12 <table class="table table-bordered"> 13 <tr> 14 <th>#</th> 15 <th>id</th> 16 <th>出版社名字</th> 17 <th>操作</th> 18 </tr> 19 20 {# data这里一定要跟views里面的data一样#} 21 {% for publisher in data %} 22 <tr> 23 <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td> 24 <td>{{ publisher.id }}</td> 25 <td>{{ publisher.name }}</td> 26 <td> 27 {# 这是动态传参#} 28 {# <a href="/edit_publisher/{{ publisher.id }}/" class="btn btn-info">编辑</a>#} 29 {# 这是浏览器传参数#} 30 <a href="/edit_publisher/?id={{ publisher.id }}" class="btn btn-info">编辑</a> 31 <a href="/del_publisher" class="btn btn-info">删除</a> 32 </td> 33 </tr> 34 {% endfor %} 35 </table> 36 37 </div> 38 </div> 39 </div> 40 41 </body> 42 </html>