Struts2核心流程图
1. Struts2 和 Struts1 对比
struts1:基于Servlet(ActionServlet),actionForm众多(类的爆炸),action单例(数据安全[线程安全]问题).
将所有任务的解决都集于一身.(不容易扩展和定制)
action位于控制层. extends Action{...}
action更struts1的action和原生servlet api(HttpServletRequest,HttpServlerResponse)绑定在一起,
因此不容易测试,需要部署到web容器中进行测试.
回显数据:struts-html.tld <html:checkbox> html:text
struts-bean.tld
struts-logic.tld
//
class CustomerAction extends DispatchAction{
public ActionForward save(ActionMapping ActionForm Request,Response){
}
public ActionForward update(ActionMapping ActionForm Request,Response){
}
}
<action-mappings>
<action path="/customerAction"
name="customerForm"
scope="request|session"
validate="true"
input="/xxx.jsp"
type="xxxx..CustomerAction"
parameter="method" />
http://xxx/sss/customerAction.do?method=save
struts2:基于filter,没有actionform,action(原型的,独占).
seperate aware:分离关注.解耦.(interceptor,拦截器).
action是模型层(接受参数+pojo).
action不需要和struts的action和原生servlet API(HttpServletRequest,HttpServlerResponse)耦合在一起.
所以更容易测试,不需要一定要部署到web环境中进行测试.
struts2是更加整洁的mvc框架(原因是采用了seperate aware技术,实现任务的拆解).
体验struts2:
1.创建web项目
2.引入struts2类库
${struts解压目录}/app/struts2-blank-2.1.8.1.war/web-inf/lib/*.jar
3.创建action.
package cn.itcast.struts2.action;
/**
* HelloWorldAction
*/
public class HelloWorldAction {
public String execute(){
System.out.println("hello world");
return null ;
}
}
4.创建struts配置文件.src/struts.xml
dtd:struts-core.jar/struts-2.1.7.dtd/30行
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.1.7//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.1.7.dtd">
<struts>
<package name="HelloWorldPkg" namespace="/helloworld">
<action name="HelloWorldAction" class="cn.itcast.struts2.action.HelloWorldAction" />
</package>
</struts>
5.配置struts2的过滤器web-inf/web.xml文件中
类:org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
<filter>
<filter-name>action</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>action</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
struts2包搜索顺序:
http://localhost:8085/lsn_struts2/helloworld/aaa/bbb/HelloWorldAction.action
http://localhost:8085/lsn_struts2/helloworld/aaa/bbb/
http://localhost:8085/lsn_struts2/helloworld/aaa/
http://localhost:8085/lsn_struts2/helloworld
list lst = .. ;
request.setAttribute("list",list); Map<String,Object>
request.getRequestDispatcher("/xxxx.jsp").forward(request,response);
HttpServletResponse.sendRedirect("/xx");
ContentType:
response.setContentType("text/html");
mime:
(HttpServletRequest)request.getAttribute("list");
request.setAttribute("list",list);
map:Sessoin (ServletContext)Application.setAttri
使用Token拦截器避免表单重复提交:
1.在jsp页面上使用<s:token />
2.在拦截器栈中加入token拦截器.
Google:
Web:异步执行.
2. 实例: 表单提交 ,校验,防重复提交,文件上传
web.xml 配置
struts.xml配置 包含模块 reg.xml
reg.xml 配置
token.xml 防止重复提交 配置
reg.jsp 表单提交 JSP, 使用struts-tags 标签,数据回显与校验
RegAction.java 处理action
public class RegAction extends ActionSupport { private static final long serialVersionUID = 2941355104469235318L; private String name; private Integer age; /* 接受上传的文件 */ private File photo ; /* 接受文件名称 */ private String photoFileName ; /* 接受文件内容类型的 */ private String photoContentType ; public String getPhotoFileName() { return photoFileName; } public void setPhotoFileName(String photoFileName) { this.photoFileName = photoFileName; } public String getPhotoContentType() { return photoContentType; } public void setPhotoContentType(String photoContentType) { this.photoContentType = photoContentType; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Integer getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(Integer age) { this.age = age; } /** * */ public String reg(){ System.out.println("reg : " + name); String dir = ServletActionContext.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload"); String ext = photoFileName.substring(photoFileName.lastIndexOf(".")); long l = System.nanoTime(); File newFile = new File(dir,l + ext); photo.renameTo(newFile); return SUCCESS; } /** * 达到注册页面, 动态方法调用之一, 使用SkipValidation标签掉过校验 */ //@SkipValidation public String toRegView(){ return "regView" ; } /** * 动态方法调用之一,命名: validate + 要校验方法(Reg) == void validateReg() {} */ public void validate() { if(name == null || name.length() == 0){ //国际化,getText会从配置文件获得message,配置文件名和类名一致,位置相同,RegAction.properties addFieldError("name",getText("error.name.empty")); } } public File getPhoto() { return photo; } public void setPhoto(File photo) { this.photo = photo; } }RegAction.properties 国际化配置文件
error.name.empty=name is required! error.name.age=age is required!success.jsp 成功跳转JSP
wait.jsp 等待页面