转自:http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_6f14b7010101b91b.html

对于这几个月的这个项目,一直想做个总结,但是鉴于本人记性之差,总是将这件事想起又忘记,终于在这个月工作的最后几天有了几天的空闲,把这个经验好好的记录下来。

 

PropertyGrid,.net框架下的一个控件,这是一个软件升级的项目,原来的软件用的是C++,控件用的还是第三方,这次升级到visual studio .net4.0版本,原以为.net的东西用起来不会费劲的,没想到想要实现项目需要的效果还真没那么简单。

 

由于需要,我这里主要是为了能动态的生成属性页,还要带能动态生成下来菜单,所以今天主要从这方面总结。

 

首先定义一个属性类:

//单条属性类

public class XProp
{
      private string theId = ""; //属性Id,我的项目中需要,大家可以忽略

      private string theCategory = ""; //属性所属类别

      private string theName = "";     //属性名称

      private bool theReadOnly = false;  //属性的只读性,true为只读

      private string theDescription = ""; //属性的描述内容

      private object theValue = null;    //值

      private System.Type theType = null; //类型

      private bool theBrowsable = true;  //显示或隐藏,true为显示

      TypeConverter theConverter = null;  //类型转换

      public string Id
      {
          get { return theId; }

          set { theId = value; }
      }

      public string Category
      {
          get { return theCategory; }

          set { theCategory = value; }
      }
      public bool ReadOnly
      {
          get { return theReadOnly; }

          set { theReadOnly = value; }
      }
      public string Name
      {
          get { return this.theName; }

          set { this.theName = value; }
      }
      public object Value
      {
          get { return this.theValue; }

          set { this.theValue = value; }
      }
      public string Description
      {
          get { return theDescription; }

          set { theDescription = value; }
      }

      public System.Type ProType
      {
          get { return theType; }

          set { theType = value; }
      }

      public bool Browsable
      {
          get { return theBrowsable; }
          set { theBrowsable = value; }
      }

      public virtual TypeConverter Converter
      {
          get { return theConverter; }
          set { theConverter = value; }
      }
}

 

我举一个例子:
private string strdemo;

[DescriptionAttribute("用于举例说明"), 
CategoryAttribute("公有属性"),
DefaultValueAttribute(“测试属性”),
ReadOnlyAttribute(false),
BrowsableAttribute(true), 
TypeConverter(typeof(MyComboTypeConvert))

public string strDemo 
 { 
         get { return strdemo; } 
         set { strdemo = value; } 
}

 

这是个写死的属性,那在我的项目中,根据对象的不同,会需要生产不同的属性页,所以需要一个可以动态生成的属性页,将上述这个一般属性定义,利用XProp类,写成:
Private XProp newXpro = new XProp();
newXpro.Category = ”公有属性”;
newXpro.Name = ” strDemo”;
newXpro.Id = "A";
newXpro.Description = “用于举例说明”;
newXpro.ReadOnly =false;
newXpro.Value = “测试属性”;
newXpro.ProType = typeof(string);
newXpro.Browsable = true;
newXpro.Converter = null;

这样,一条属性就完成了。当然你也可以根据需要自己重写更多的属性相关定义。这里的Converter属性是在后面的下拉菜单中需要用到的,如果不是基础类型的(string,int,bool,enum等),我们可以赋值为null.

 

当然,这只是一条属性,原本按之前的方法,只要定义一个类,然后这个类里面定义多条属性就可以了。但是现在,由于属性是动态生成的,我们并不能确定需要几个属性,也就不能直接在一个类里面定义完。

 

所以我们需要再定义一个List<XProp>类,作为一一张list可以随意添加多个项,然后将PropertyGrid.SelectedObject设置为这个类就好了:

先来定义以下两个类:

public class XProps : List<XProp>, ICustomTypeDescriptor

{

    #region ICustomTypeDescriptor 成员

 

    public AttributeCollection GetAttributes()

    {

        return TypeDescriptor.GetAttributes(this, true);

    }

 

    public string GetClassName()

    {

        return TypeDescriptor.GetClassName(this, true);

    }

 

    public string GetComponentName()

    {

        return TypeDescriptor.GetComponentName(this, true);

    }

 

    public TypeConverter GetConverter()

    {

        return TypeDescriptor.GetConverter(this, true);

    }

 

    public EventDescriptor GetDefaultEvent()

    {

        return TypeDescriptor.GetDefaultEvent(this, true);

    }

 

    public PropertyDescriptor GetDefaultProperty()

    {

        return TypeDescriptor.GetDefaultProperty(this, true);

    }

 

    public object GetEditor(System.Type editorBaseType)

    {

        return TypeDescriptor.GetEditor(this, editorBaseType, true);

    }

 

    public EventDescriptorCollection GetEvents(System.Attribute[] attributes)

    {

        return TypeDescriptor.GetEvents(this, attributes, true);

    }

 

    public EventDescriptorCollection GetEvents()

    {

        return TypeDescriptor.GetEvents(this, true);

    }

 

    public PropertyDescriptorCollection GetProperties(System.Attribute[] attributes)

    {

        ArrayList props = new ArrayList();

        for (int i = 0; i < this.Count; i++)

        {  //判断属性是否显示

            if (this[i].Browsable == true)

            {

                XPropDescriptor psd = new XPropDescriptor(this[i], attributes);

                props.Add(psd);

            }

        }

        PropertyDescriptor[] propArray = (PropertyDescriptor[])props.ToArray(typeof(PropertyDescriptor));

        return new PropertyDescriptorCollection(propArray);

     }

 

    public PropertyDescriptorCollection GetProperties()

    {

        return TypeDescriptor.GetProperties(this, true);

    }

 

    public object GetPropertyOwner(PropertyDescriptor pd)

    {

        return this;

    }

 

    #endregion

 

    public override string ToString()

    {

        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

        for (int i = 0; i < this.Count; i++)

        {

        sb.Append("[" + i + "] " + this[i].ToString() + System.Environment.NewLine);

        }

        return sb.ToString();

    }

}

 

private class XPropDescriptor : PropertyDescriptor

{

    XProp theProp; 

    public XPropDescriptor(XProp prop, Attribute[] attrs): base(prop.Name, attrs)

    {

        theProp = prop;

    }

 

    public override bool CanResetValue(object component)

    {

        return false;

    }

    public override string Category

    {

        get { return theProp.Category; }

    }

 

    public override string Description

    {

        get { return theProp.Description; }

    }

 

    public override TypeConverter Converter

    {

        get { return theProp.Converter; }

    }

 

    public override System.Type ComponentType

    {

        get { return this.GetType(); }

    }

 

    public override object GetValue(object component)

    {

        return theProp.Value;

    }

 

    public override bool IsReadOnly

    {

        get { return theProp.ReadOnly; }

    }

 

    public override System.Type PropertyType

    {

        get { return theProp.ProType; }

    }

 

    public override void ResetValue(object component)

    {

    }

 

    public override void SetValue(object component, object value)

    {

        theProp.Value = value;

    }

 

    public override bool ShouldSerializeValue(object component)

    {

        return false;

    }

}

 

然后我们新声明一个属性列表:
Private XProps xprops = new XProps();
再将刚刚那个动态生成的属性添加进去,将属性页的selectobject赋值为这个类:
xprops.add(newXpro);
PropertyGridDemo.SelectedObject = xprops;
现在我们来看看效果:

PropertyGrid控件动态生成属性及下拉菜单 (转载)

根据需要,你可以添加多条属性。

也许你会想问,这里哪有动态生成啊,那些属性名称,属性类型什么的不还是写死的么。呵呵,我这里只是举个例子所以写死了,在实际应用中,你可以根据需要,在生成属性列表的时候,动态赋值,例如你是从xml文件里读取到的,例如你是从服务器中获取到的。根据你读取的对象,一个一个赋值就可以了。

 

下面来介绍如何在属性页中动态生成下拉菜单框,关于下拉菜单真的是很复杂,在.net的PropertyGrid控件中,想要具有下拉菜单的属性,简单的可以通过枚举类型来实现,还是以刚刚的那个例子来说明:
首先定义个枚举类型:

public enum enumType
{
       BOOLVAL,
       DIGITALVAL,
       STRINGVAL,
       CHECKVAL,
       RATIOVAL,
       IPVAL,
       COMBOBOX,
       RESETBTN
}

 

然后代码中将属性值与属性类型修改为:
newXpro.Value  = CustomClass.enumType.BOOLVAL;  //这里的属性值当然必须为枚举中的某一项
newXpro.ProType = typeof(enumType);
然后我们来看看实现的效果:
PropertyGrid控件动态生成属性及下拉菜单 (转载)

 

这就是最简单的下拉菜单的实现方式了。
但是这里的枚举类型仍然是需要代码中写死的,而我在网上也所搜了很久,枚举类型似乎没办法动态生成,如果要实现动态生成恐怕要另寻他途。
所幸的是,我曾经见过重写combobox来生成属性页的下来菜单的,我们需要定义:

 

//重写下拉菜单中的项,使之与属性页的项关联
        public abstract class ComboBoxItemTypeConvert : TypeConverter
        {
            public Hashtable myhash = null;
            public ComboBoxItemTypeConvert()
            {
                myhash = new Hashtable();
                GetConvertHash();
            }
            public abstract void GetConvertHash();
           
            //是否支持选择列表的编辑
            public override bool GetStandardValuesSupported(ITypeDescriptorContext context)
            {
                return true;
            }
            //重写combobox的选择列表
            public override StandardValuesCollectionGetStandardValues(ITypeDescriptorContext context)
            {
                int[] ids = new int[myhash.Values.Count];
                int i = 0;
                foreach (DictionaryEntry myDE in myhash)
                {
                    ids[i++] = (int)(myDE.Key);
                }
                return new StandardValuesCollection(ids);
            }
            //判断转换器是否可以工作
            public override bool CanConvertFrom(ITypeDescriptorContext context, Type sourceType)
            {
                if (sourceType == typeof(string))
                {
                    return true;
                }
                return base.CanConvertFrom(context, sourceType);

            }
            //重写转换器,将选项列表(即下拉菜单)中的值转换到该类型的值
            public override object ConvertFrom(ITypeDescriptorContext context, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture, object obj)
            {
                if (obj is string)
                {
                    foreach (DictionaryEntry myDE in myhash)
                    {
                        if (myDE.Value.Equals((obj.ToString())))
                            return myDE.Key;
                    }
                }
                return base.ConvertFrom(context, culture, obj);
            }

            public override bool CanConvertTo(ITypeDescriptorContext context, Type destinationType)
            {
                if (destinationType == typeof(string))
                {
                    return true;
                }
                return base.CanConvertTo(context, destinationType);

            }

            //重写转换器将该类型的值转换到选择列表中
            public override object ConvertTo(ITypeDescriptorContext context, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture, object obj, Type destinationType)
            {

                if (destinationType == typeof(string))
                {
                    foreach (DictionaryEntry myDE in myhash)
                    {
                        if (myDE.Key.Equals(obj))
                            return myDE.Value.ToString();
                    }
                    return "";
                }
                return base.ConvertTo(context, culture, obj, destinationType);
            }
            public override bool GetStandardValuesExclusive(ITypeDescriptorContext context)
            {
                return false;
            }
        }
//重写下拉菜单,在这里实现定义下拉菜单内的项
public class MyComboItemConvert : ComboBoxItemTypeConvert
        {
            private Hashtable hash;
            public override void GetConvertHash()
            {
                try
                {
                    myhash = hash;
                }
                catch
                {
                    throw new NotImplementedException();
                }
            }
            public MyComboItemConvert(string str)
            {
                hash = new Hashtable();
                string[] stest = str.Split(',');
                for (int i = 0; i < stest.Length; i++)
                {
                    hash.Add(i, stest[i]);
                }
                GetConvertHash();
                value = 0;
            }

            public int value { get; set; }

            public MyComboItemConvert(string str,int s)
            {
                hash = new Hashtable();
                string[] stest = str.Split(',');
                for (int i = 0; i < stest.Length; i++)
                {
                    hash.Add(i, stest[i]);
                }
                GetConvertHash();
                value = s;
            }
        }

在这里你可以看到,MyComboItemConvert有两个重载,分别有不同的参数,其中string类型的那个参数就是用于获取下拉菜单的项的。当然你也可以根据需要定义为其他类型的,例如List或是HashTable。只要在函数中将下拉菜单的每一项放入哈希表中 就可以了。
而在生成的代码中,我们就需要用到刚刚没有使用的Converter属性了:
举个例子:

 

XProps xps = new XProps();
XProp xprop = new XProp();
xprop.Name = "姓名";
xprop.Value = "某人;
xprop.Category = "人类";
xprop.Description = "姓甚名谁";
xprop.ProType = typeof(String);
xprop.ReadOnly = true;
xps.Add(xprop);

xprop = new XProp();
xprop.Category = "人类";
xprop.Name = "年龄";
xprop.ProType = typeof(int);
xprop.Value = "2";
xprop.Description = "多大年纪";
xprop.ReadOnly = false;
xps.Add(xprop);

xprop = new XProp();
xprop.Category = "人类";
xprop.Name = "性别";
xprop.Value = 1;
xprop.ReadOnly = false;
xprop.ProType = typeof(CustomClass.MyComboItemConvert);
xprop.Converter = new CustomClass.MyComboItemConvert("M,F");
xprop.Description = "性别是男是女";
xps.Add(xprop);

xprop = new XProp();
xprop.Category = "人类";
xprop.ReadOnly = false;
xprop.Name = "国籍";
xprop.Value = 1;
xprop.ProType = typeof(CustomClass.MyComboItemConvert);
xprop.Converter = new CustomClass.MyComboItemConvert("中,英,美,法");
xprop.Description = "国籍";
xps.Add(xprop);


PropertyGrideTest.SelectedObject = xps;

 

来看一下效果:

PropertyGrid控件动态生成属性及下拉菜单 (转载)

 

PropertyGrid控件动态生成属性及下拉菜单 (转载)

PropertyGrid控件动态生成属性及下拉菜单 (转载)

到这里,我需要的功能都能实现啦。

在这个过程中,我也在网上搜寻了很久,要感谢以下几篇博文,及其博主:

http://blog.csdn.net/luyifeiniu/article/details/5426960#创建 PropertyGrid 控件

http://blog.csdn.net/akron/article/details/2750566 

http://www.cnblogs.com/greatverve/archive/2012/02/09/propertygird-bind.html

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