一、增加
from django.db import models class Publisher(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=30, verbose_name="名称") address = models.CharField("地址", max_length=50) city = models.CharField('城市',max_length=60) state_province = models.CharField(max_length=30) country = models.CharField(max_length=50) website = models.URLField() class Meta: verbose_name = '出版商' verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.name class Author(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=30) def __str__(self): return self.name class AuthorDetail(models.Model): sex = models.BooleanField(max_length=1, choices=((0, '男'),(1, '女'),)) email = models.EmailField() address = models.CharField(max_length=50) birthday = models.DateField() author = models.OneToOneField(Author) class Book(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=100) authors = models.ManyToManyField(Author) publisher = models.ForeignKey(Publisher) publication_date = models.DateField() price=models.DecimalField(max_digits=5,decimal_places=2,default=10) def __str__(self): return self.title
from app01.models import * #create方式一: Author.objects.create(name='Alvin') #create方式二: Author.objects.create(**{"name":"alex"})
#save方式一: author=Author(name="alvin") # 对象创建方式 author.save() #save方式二: author=Author() # 对象属性添加方式 author.name="alvin" author.save()
增加一对多与多对多字段信息：
#一对多(ForeignKey): #方式一: 由于绑定一对多的字段,比如publish,存到数据库中的字段名叫publish_id,所以我们可以直接给这个 # 字段设定对应值: Book.objects.create(title='php', publisher_id=2, #这里的2是指为该book对象绑定了Publisher表中id=2的行对象 publication_date='2017-7-7', price=99) #方式二: # <1> 先获取要绑定的Publisher对象: pub_obj = Publisher(name='河大出版社',address='保定',city='保定', state_province='河北',country='China',website='http://www.hbu.com') # 或者 pub_obj=Publisher.objects.get(id=1) # <2>将publisher_id=2改为publisher=pub_obj Book.objects.create(title='php', publisher=pub_obj, publication_date='2017-7-7', price=99) #多对多(ManyToManyField()): author1=Author.objects.get(id=1) author2=Author.objects.filter(name='alvin')[0] book=Book.objects.get(id=1) book.authors.add(author1,author2) #等同于: book.authors.add(*[author1,author2]) book.authors.remove(*[author1,author2]) #------------------- book=models.Book.objects.filter(id__gt=1) authors=models.Author.objects.filter(id=1)[0] authors.book_set.add(*book) authors.book_set.remove(*book) #------------------- book.authors.add(1) book.authors.remove(1) authors.book_set.add(1) authors.book_set.remove(1) #注意: 如果第三张表是通过models.ManyToManyField()自动创建的,那么绑定关系只有上面一种方式 # 如果第三张表是自己创建的: class Book2Author(models.Model): author=models.ForeignKey("Author") Book= models.ForeignKey("Book") # 那么就还有一种方式: author_obj=models.Author.objects.filter(id=2)[0] book_obj =models.Book.objects.filter(id=3)[0] s=models.Book2Author.objects.create(author_id=1,Book_id=2) s.save() s=models.Book2Author(author=author_obj,Book_id=1) s.save()
二、删除
Book.objects.filter(id=1).delete()
注意：表面上是删除了一条，实际上，Django会默认把這个记录关联的字段，全部删除！这种删除方式也称为级联删除。
三、修改
# 方式一 author = Author.objects.get(id=5) author.name = 'teQ' author.save() # 方式二 Publish.objects.filter(id=2).update(name='teQ')
注意：
1.update不能修改一个单一对象，也就是说对于get()获取的数据，是不能用update.而filter()获取的数据是一个QuerySet对象，而update默认是修改一个数据集合的。
2.注意以下区别：
#---------------- update方法直接设定对应属性---------------- models.Book.objects.filter(id=3).update(title="PHP") ##sql: ##UPDATE "app01_book" SET "title" = 'PHP' WHERE "app01_book"."id" = 3; args=('PHP', 3) #--------------- save方法会将所有属性重新设定一遍,效率低----------- obj=models.Book.objects.filter(id=3)[0] obj.title="Python" obj.save() # SELECT "app01_book"."id", "app01_book"."title", "app01_book"."price", # "app01_book"."color", "app01_book"."page_num", # "app01_book"."publisher_id" FROM "app01_book" WHERE "app01_book"."id" = 3 LIMIT 1; # # UPDATE "app01_book" SET "title" = 'Python', "price" = 3333, "color" = 'red', "page_num" = 556, # "publisher_id" = 1 WHERE "app01_book"."id" = 3;