Django框架Day1------之url和views

一、新建一个Django程序(window 7进入cmd里面操作):注意，此处要需在指定的文件夹下
　　a,django-admin startproject django_test(django_test指的是项目名称)
　　b,进入django_test [cd django_test]
　　c,创建app[python manage.py startapp test_01]
　　d,进入project运行项目[python manage.py runserver]-------然后可以在浏览器中查看http://127.0.0.1:8000/，有It's worked,即表示创建成功

二、url常用匹配方法1--直接显示urls：

在django_test下的urls.py文件中输入以下代码

from django.conf.urls import include, url
from django.contrib import admin
from test_01 import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
    url(r'^articles/$', views.special_case),
]

然后在test_01的views文件中创建函数special_case，即：

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse

def special_case(request):
    return HttpResponse("It's ok")

运行http://127.0.0.1:8000/articles/即可查看【It’s ok】已经生效。

同时，还有以下几种url直接匹配方式：两种匹配方式有些许区别（具体区别后续附上）

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^articles/2003/$', views.special_case_2003),
    url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/$', views.year_archive),
    url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/$', views.month_archive),
    url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/([0-9]+)/$', views.article_detail),
]

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^articles/2003/$', views.special_case_2003),
    url(r'^articles/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/$', views.year_archive),
    url(r'^articles/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/(?P<month>[0-9]{2})/$', views.month_archive),
    url(r'^articles/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/(?P<month>[0-9]{2})/(?P<day>[0-9]{2})/$', views.article_detail),
]

此处的views文件代码如下：

def year_archive(request,year):
    print("---->",year)
    return HttpResponse(year)

def month_archive(request,year,month):
    print("--->",year,month)
    return HttpResponse("%s %s"%(year,month))

三、url常用匹配方法2--通过app聚合url来使一部分urls聚集在某一个app下：

1.首先在django_test下的urls.py文件中引入payment_urls

from django.conf.urls import include, url
from django.contrib import admin
from test_01 import views
from test_01 import urls as payment_urls

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
    url(r'^articles/$', views.special_case),
    url(r'^payment/',include(payment_urls)),
]

然后在test_01下新建一个urls.py文件，如下：

from django.conf.urls import include, url
from django.contrib import admin
from test_01 import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^$',views.index),
]

最后在test_01下的views文件中创建一个index函数

def index(request):
    HttpResponse("*****Welcome to the payment mall*****")

需要复杂一点的话，就是此段

def index(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        user_infos = [
            {'username':'Lemon0', 'name':'Lemon Li0'},
            {'username':'Lemon1', 'name':'Lemon Li1'},
            {'username':'Lemon2', 'name':'Lemon Li2'},
            {'username':'Lemon3', 'name':'Lemon Li3'},
        ]
        return render(request,'test_01/index.html')
    else:
        return HttpResponse("*****Welcome to the payment mall*****")

此处需要配置django_test下的settings文件：首先在INSTALLED_APPS中加入“test_01”，然后在　TEMPLATES下改DIRS文件 'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"templates")],

同时，此处引入了html文件，需要在templates下新建一个index.html文件，如果没有templates创建该文件即可，index.html文件如下。然后运行http://127.0.0.1:8000/payment/即可

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<h1>Welcome to the payment center</h1>
<ul>
    {% for user_obj in user_objs %}
    <li style="background-color:red">username:{{user_obj.username}},name:{{user_obj.name}}</li>
    {% endfor %}
</ul>

</body>
</html>

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