分布式结构化存储系统-HBase访问方式
作者：尹正杰
版权声明：原创作品，谢绝转载！否则将追究法律责任。
HBase提供了多种访问方式，包括HBase shell，HBase API，数据收集组件（比如Flume，Sqoop等），上层算框架以及Apache Phoenix等，本篇博客将详细介绍这几种方式。
一.HBase Shell
HDFS提供了丰富的shell命令让用户更加容易管理HBase集群，你可以通过“$HBASE_HOME/bin/hbase shell”命令进入交互式命令后，并输入“help”查看所有命令： [hdfs@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]$ hbase shell #进入到Hbase的shell命令行 OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM warning: Using incremental CMS is deprecated and will likely be removed in a future release 19/05/23 15:23:36 INFO Configuration.deprecation: hadoop.native.lib is deprecated. Instead, use io.native.lib.available HBase Shell; enter 'help<RETURN>' for list of supported commands. Type "exit<RETURN>" to leave the HBase Shell Version 1.2.0-cdh5.15.1, rUnknown, Thu Aug 9 09:07:41 PDT 2018 hbase(main):001:0> help #查看Hbase的帮助信息 HBase Shell, version 1.2.0-cdh5.15.1, rUnknown, Thu Aug 9 09:07:41 PDT 2018 Type 'help "COMMAND"', (e.g. 'help "get"' -- the quotes are necessary) for help on a specific command. Commands are grouped. Type 'help "COMMAND_GROUP"', (e.g. 'help "general"') for help on a command group. ......(此处省略，它会把所有命令进行分类的打印出来～点击下面一行可以查看完整输出)
HBase shell命令集非常庞大，但常用的有两种，分别是DDL（Data Definition Language）和DML（Data Manipulation Language）。
[hdfs@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]$ hbase shell OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM warning: Using incremental CMS is deprecated and will likely be removed in a future release 19/05/23 15:23:36 INFO Configuration.deprecation: hadoop.native.lib is deprecated. Instead, use io.native.lib.available HBase Shell; enter 'help<RETURN>' for list of supported commands. Type "exit<RETURN>" to leave the HBase Shell Version 1.2.0-cdh5.15.1, rUnknown, Thu Aug 9 09:07:41 PDT 2018 hbase(main):001:0> help HBase Shell, version 1.2.0-cdh5.15.1, rUnknown, Thu Aug 9 09:07:41 PDT 2018 Type 'help "COMMAND"', (e.g. 'help "get"' -- the quotes are necessary) for help on a specific command. Commands are grouped. Type 'help "COMMAND_GROUP"', (e.g. 'help "general"') for help on a command group. COMMAND GROUPS: Group name: general Commands: status, table_help, version, whoami Group name: ddl Commands: alter, alter_async, alter_status, create, describe, disable, disable_all, drop, drop_all, enable, enable_all, exists, get_table, is_disabled, is_enabled, list, locate_region, show_filters Group name: namespace Commands: alter_namespace, create_namespace, describe_namespace, drop_namespace, list_namespace, list_namespace_tables Group name: dml Commands: append, count, delete, deleteall, get, get_counter, get_splits, incr, put, scan, truncate, truncate_preserve Group name: tools Commands: assign, balance_switch, balancer, balancer_enabled, catalogjanitor_enabled, catalogjanitor_run, catalogjanitor_switch, close_region, compact, compact_mob, compact_rs, flush, is_in_maintenance_mode, major_compact, major_compact_mob, merge_region, move, normalize, normalizer_enabled, normalizer_switch, split, splitormerge_enabled, splitormerge_switch, trace, unassign, wal_roll, zk_dump Group name: replication Commands: add_peer, append_peer_tableCFs, disable_peer, disable_table_replication, enable_peer, enable_table_replication, get_peer_config, list_peer_configs, list_peers, list_replicated_tables, remove_peer, remove_peer_tableCFs, set_peer_tableCFs, show_peer_tableCFs, update_peer_config Group name: snapshots Commands: clone_snapshot, delete_all_snapshot, delete_snapshot, list_snapshots, restore_snapshot, snapshot Group name: configuration Commands: update_all_config, update_config Group name: quotas Commands: list_quotas, set_quota Group name: security Commands: grant, list_security_capabilities, revoke, user_permission Group name: procedures Commands: abort_procedure, list_procedures Group name: visibility labels Commands: add_labels, clear_auths, get_auths, list_labels, set_auths, set_visibility Group name: rsgroup Commands: add_rsgroup, balance_rsgroup, get_rsgroup, get_server_rsgroup, get_table_rsgroup, list_rsgroups, move_servers_rsgroup, move_tables_rsgroup, remove_rsgroup SHELL USAGE: Quote all names in HBase Shell such as table and column names. Commas delimit command parameters. Type <RETURN> after entering a command to run it. Dictionaries of configuration used in the creation and alteration of tables are Ruby Hashes. They look like this: {'key1' => 'value1', 'key2' => 'value2', ...} and are opened and closed with curley-braces. Key/values are delimited by the '=>' character combination. Usually keys are predefined constants such as NAME, VERSIONS, COMPRESSION, etc. Constants do not need to be quoted. Type 'Object.constants' to see a (messy) list of all constants in the environment. If you are using binary keys or values and need to enter them in the shell, use double-quote'd hexadecimal representation. For example: hbase> get 't1', "key\x03\x3f\xcd" hbase> get 't1', "key\003\023\011" hbase> put 't1', "test\xef\xff", 'f1:', "\x01\x33\x40" The HBase shell is the (J)Ruby IRB with the above HBase-specific commands added. For more on the HBase Shell, see http://hbase.apache.org/book.html hbase(main):002:0>