作者：pengdonglin137@163.com
在没有aarch64架构的开发板的情况下，可以使用Qemu来模拟一个支持KVM的AArch64位的host，然后再在其上运行一个开启KVM加速的Qemu虚拟机，如下图所示：
软件版本如下：
1： x86_64上运行的是ubuntu20.04
2：qemu版本是5.1.0，ubuntu16.04，内核版本5.8，因为要编译运行在aarch64上qemu版本， 所以这里使用了ubuntu文件系统（可以参考https://www.cnblogs.com/pengdonglin137/p/9540670.html）
3和4：qemu版本是4.1.0, 内核版本5.8，为了加快虚拟机的启动速度，这里使用ramdisk文件系统
启动2的命令如下：
!/bin/bash QEMU=/home/pengdl/work1/Qemu/qemu-5.1.0/build/bin/qemu-system-aarch64
sudo $QEMU\ -M virt,gic-version=3,virtualization=on,type=virt \ -cpu cortex-a57 -nographic -smp 8 -m 8800 \ -fsdev local,security_model=passthrough,id=fsdev0,path=/home/pengdl/kvm_study/share \ -device virtio-9p-pci,id=fs0,fsdev=fsdev0,mount_tag=hostshare \ -drive if=none,file=./ubuntu_40G.ext4,format=raw,id=hd0 -device virtio-blk-device,drive=hd0 \ -append "noinitrd root=/dev/vda rootfstype=ext4 rw" \ -kernel ./Image \ -nic tap \ -nographic
启动3和4的命令如下：
#!/bin/bash sudo /home/pengdl/qemu-5.1.0/build/bin/qemu-system-aarch64 \ -M virt,gic-version=3,accel=kvm \ -cpu cortex-a57 -nographic -smp 2 -m 4000 \ -fsdev local,security_model=passthrough,id=fsdev0,path=/home/pengdl/share \ -device virtio-9p-pci,id=fs0,fsdev=fsdev0,mount_tag=hostshare \ -append "root=/dev/ram0 rw rootfstype=ext4 console=ttyAMA0 init=/linuxrc" \ -initrd ./ramdisk.img \ -kernel ./Image \ -nographic
AArch64的Host和Guest使用的使用了相同的内核镜像，使用arm64的默认配置编译，如果要支持ramdisk文件系统的话，还需要调整一下配置。
编译运行在x86上的qemu的命令如下：
#!/bin/bash ../configure --prefix=`pwd` \ --target-list=arm-softmmu,aarch64-softmmu,i386-softmmu,x86_64-softmmu,riscv32-softmmu,riscv64-softmmu,aarch64-linux-user,arm-linux-user,riscv64-linux-user,x86_64-linux-user \ --audio-drv-list=alsa,sdl,pa \ --enable-system \ --enable-user \ --enable-linux-user \ --enable-sdl \ --enable-vnc \ --enable-virtfs \ --enable-kvm \ --enable-fdt \ --enable-debug \ --disable-strip \ --enable-debug-tcg \ --enable-debug-info
编译运行在aarch64上的qemu的命令如下:
#!/bin/bash ../configure --prefix=`pwd` \ --target-list=aarch64-softmmu \ --enable-kvm \ --enable-virtfs
Host的启动log：
pengdl@pengdl-dell:~/kvm_study$ ./run_host.sh [sudo] password for pengdl: sudo tunctl -u root -t tap0 TUNSETIFF: Device or resource busy sudo ifconfig tap0 0.0.0.0 promisc up sudo brctl addif br0 tap0 brctl show bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces br0 8000.5e3bffd05b0b no enp3s0 tap0 [ 0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0000000000 [0x411fd070] [ 0.000000] Linux version 5.8.0-g949c1b5-dirty (pengdl@pengdl-dell) (aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc (GNU Toolchain for the A-profile Architecture 8.3-2019.03 (arm-rel-8.36)) 8.3.0, GNU ld (GNU Toolchain for the A-profile Architecture 8.3-2019.03 (arm-rel-8.36)) 2.32.0.20190321) #8 SMP PREEMPT Sat Aug 29 16:32:00 CST 2020 [ 0.000000] Machine model: linux,dummy-virt [ 0.000000] efi: UEFI not found. [ 0.000000] cma: Reserved 32 MiB at 0x00000000fe000000 [ 0.000000] NUMA: No NUMA configuration found [ 0.000000] NUMA: Faking a node at [mem 0x0000000040000000-0x0000000265ffffff] [ 0.000000] NUMA: NODE_DATA [mem 0x264ebe100-0x264ebffff] [ 0.000000] Zone ranges: [ 0.000000] DMA [mem 0x0000000040000000-0x000000007fffffff] [ 0.000000] DMA32 [mem 0x0000000080000000-0x00000000ffffffff] [ 0.000000] Normal [mem 0x0000000100000000-0x0000000265ffffff] [ 0.000000] Movable zone start for each node [ 0.000000] Early memory node ranges [ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000040000000-0x0000000265ffffff] [ 0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000040000000-0x0000000265ffffff] [ 0.000000] psci: probing for conduit method from DT. [ 0.000000] psci: PSCIv0.2 detected in firmware. [ 0.000000] psci: Using standard PSCI v0.2 function IDs [ 0.000000] psci: Trusted OS migration not required [ 0.000000] percpu: Embedded 23 pages/cpu s53912 r8192 d32104 u94208 [ 0.000000] Detected PIPT I-cache on CPU0 [ 0.000000] CPU features: detected: ARM erratum 832075 [ 0.000000] CPU features: detected: GIC system register CPU interface [ 0.000000] CPU features: detected: ARM erratum 834220 [ 0.000000] CPU features: detected: EL2 vector hardening [ 0.000000] CPU features: kernel page table isolation forced ON by KASLR [ 0.000000] CPU features: detected: Kernel page table isolation (KPTI) [ 0.000000] ARM_SMCCC_ARCH_WORKAROUND_1 missing from firmware [ 0.000000] CPU features: detected: ARM errata 1165522, 1319367, or 1530923 [ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 2217600 [ 0.000000] Policy zone: Normal [ 0.000000] Kernel command line: noinitrd root=/dev/vda rootfstype=ext4 rw [ 0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 2097152 (order: 12, 16777216 bytes, linear) [ 0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 1048576 (order: 11, 8388608 bytes, linear) [ 0.000000] mem auto-init: stack:off, heap alloc:off, heap free:off [ 0.000000] software IO TLB: mapped [mem 0x7bfff000-0x7ffff000] (64MB) [ 0.000000] Memory: 8691600K/9011200K available (13628K kernel code, 2170K rwdata, 7480K rodata, 5568K init, 481K bss, 286832K reserved, 32768K cma-reserved) [ 0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=8, Nodes=1 [ 0.000000] rcu: Preemptible hierarchical RCU implementation. [ 0.000000] rcu: RCU event tracing is enabled. [ 0.000000] rcu: RCU restricting CPUs from NR_CPUS=256 to nr_cpu_ids=8. [ 0.000000] Trampoline variant of Tasks RCU enabled. [ 0.000000] rcu: RCU calculated value of scheduler-enlistment delay is 25 jiffies. [ 0.000000] rcu: Adjusting geometry for rcu_fanout_leaf=16, nr_cpu_ids=8 [ 0.000000] NR_IRQS: 64, nr_irqs: 64, preallocated irqs: 0 [ 0.000000] GICv3: GIC: Using split EOI/Deactivate mode [ 0.000000] GICv3: 224 SPIs implemented [ 0.000000] GICv3: 0 Extended SPIs implemented [ 0.000000] GICv3: Distributor has no Range Selector support [ 0.000000] GICv3: 16 PPIs implemented [ 0.000000] GICv3: CPU0: found redistributor 0 region 0:0x00000000080a0000 [ 0.000000] random: get_random_bytes called from start_kernel+0x314/0x4e4 with crng_init=0 [ 0.000000] arch_timer: cp15 timer(s) running at 62.50MHz (phys). [ 0.000000] clocksource: arch_sys_counter: mask: 0xffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x1cd42e208c, max_idle_ns: 881590405314 ns [ 0.000644] sched_clock: 56 bits at 62MHz, resolution 16ns, wraps every 4398046511096ns [ 0.032765] Console: colour dummy device 80x25 [ 0.046314] printk: console [tty0] enabled [ 0.058175] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 125.00 BogoMIPS (lpj=250000) [ 0.058957] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301 [ 0.065874] LSM: Security Framework initializing [ 0.074522] Mount-cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 6, 262144 bytes, linear) [ 0.075387] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 6, 262144 bytes, linear) [ 0.244948] rcu: Hierarchical SRCU implementation. [ 0.278436] EFI services will not be available. [ 0.284762] smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ... [ 0.299348] Detected PIPT I-cache on CPU1 [ 0.301813] GICv3: CPU1: found redistributor 1 region 0:0x00000000080c0000 [ 0.302489] CPU1: Booted secondary processor 0x0000000001 [0x411fd070] [ 0.319962] Detected PIPT I-cache on CPU2 [ 0.320260] GICv3: CPU2: found redistributor 2 region 0:0x00000000080e0000 [ 0.320630] CPU2: Booted secondary processor 0x0000000002 [0x411fd070] [ 0.329608] Detected PIPT I-cache on CPU3 [ 0.329919] GICv3: CPU3: found redistributor 3 region 0:0x0000000008100000 [ 0.330272] CPU3: Booted secondary processor 0x0000000003 [0x411fd070] [ 0.338145] Detected PIPT I-cache on CPU4 [ 0.338462] GICv3: CPU4: found redistributor 4 region 0:0x0000000008120000 [ 0.338796] CPU4: Booted secondary processor 0x0000000004 [0x411fd070] [ 0.345939] Detected PIPT I-cache on CPU5 [ 0.346283] GICv3: CPU5: found redistributor 5 region 0:0x0000000008140000 [ 0.346645] CPU5: Booted secondary processor 0x0000000005 [0x411fd070] [ 0.353264] Detected PIPT I-cache on CPU6 [ 0.353582] GICv3: CPU6: found redistributor 6 region 0:0x0000000008160000 [ 0.353945] CPU6: Booted secondary processor 0x0000000006 [0x411fd070] [ 0.361382] Detected PIPT I-cache on CPU7 [ 0.361703] GICv3: CPU7: found redistributor 7 region 0:0x0000000008180000 [ 0.362062] CPU7: Booted secondary processor 0x0000000007 [0x411fd070] [ 0.363882] smp: Brought up 1 node, 8 CPUs [ 0.368186] SMP: Total of 8 processors activated. [ 0.368869] CPU features: detected: 32-bit EL0 Support [ 0.369297] CPU features: detected: CRC32 instructions [ 0.369606] CPU features: detected: 32-bit EL1 Support [ 0.821221] CPU: All CPU(s) started at EL2 [ 0.823477] alternatives: patching kernel code [ 1.027448] devtmpfs: initialized [ 1.083207] KASLR enabled [ 1.102331] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 7645041785100000 ns [ 1.103746] futex hash table entries: 2048 (order: 5, 131072 bytes, linear) [ 1.127388] pinctrl core: initialized pinctrl subsystem [ 1.182900] thermal_sys: Registered thermal governor 'step_wise' [ 1.183265] thermal_sys: Registered thermal governor 'power_allocator' [ 1.187302] DMI not present or invalid. [ 1.233542] NET: Registered protocol family 16 [ 1.254206] DMA: preallocated 2048 KiB GFP_KERNEL pool for atomic allocations [ 1.256317] DMA: preallocated 2048 KiB GFP_KERNEL|GFP_DMA pool for atomic allocations [ 1.258042] DMA: preallocated 2048 KiB GFP_KERNEL|GFP_DMA32 pool for atomic allocations [ 1.259406] audit: initializing netlink subsys (disabled) [ 1.267903] audit: type=2000 audit(1.064:1): state=initialized audit_enabled=0 res=1 [ 1.295434] cpuidle: using governor menu [ 1.302565] hw-breakpoint: found 6 breakpoint and 4 watchpoint registers. [ 1.307628] ASID allocator initialised with 32768 entries [ 1.335554] Serial: AMBA PL011 UART driver [ 1.700648] 9000000.pl011: ttyAMA0 at MMIO 0x9000000 (irq = 40, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1 [ 1.752377] printk: console [ttyAMA0] enabled [ 1.978236] HugeTLB registered 1.00 GiB page size, pre-allocated 0 pages [ 1.979171] HugeTLB registered 32.0 MiB page size, pre-allocated 0 pages [ 1.980027] HugeTLB registered 2.00 MiB page size, pre-allocated 0 pages [ 1.980542] HugeTLB registered 64.0 KiB page size, pre-allocated 0 pages [ 2.031858] cryptd: max_cpu_qlen set to 1000 [ 2.092349] ACPI: Interpreter disabled. [ 2.127002] iommu: Default domain type: Translated [ 2.133187] vgaarb: loaded [ 2.142466] SCSI subsystem initialized [ 2.157615] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs [ 2.159586] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub [ 2.162663] usbcore: registered new device driver usb [ 2.178314] pps_core: LinuxPPS API ver. 1 registered [ 2.178897] pps_core: Software ver. 5.3.6 - Copyright 2005-2007 Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it> [ 2.180055] PTP clock support registered [ 2.185497] EDAC MC: Ver: 3.0.0 [ 2.216904] FPGA manager framework [ 2.221250] Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Initialized. [ 2.276280] clocksource: Switched to clocksource arch_sys_counter [ 2.291661] VFS: Disk quotas dquot_6.6.0 [ 2.293107] VFS: Dquot-cache hash table entries: 512 (order 0, 4096 bytes) [ 2.300711] pnp: PnP ACPI: disabled [ 2.416548] NET: Registered protocol family 2 [ 2.439861] tcp_listen_portaddr_hash hash table entries: 8192 (order: 5, 131072 bytes, linear) [ 2.441273] TCP established hash table entries: 131072 (order: 8, 1048576 bytes, linear) [ 2.444354] TCP bind hash table entries: 65536 (order: 8, 1048576 bytes, linear) [ 2.446573] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 131072 bind 65536) [ 2.453123] UDP hash table entries: 8192 (order: 6, 262144 bytes, linear) [ 2.455977] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 8192 (order: 6, 262144 bytes, linear) [ 2.464992] NET: Registered protocol family 1 [ 2.483236] RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module. [ 2.484380] RPC: Registered udp transport module. [ 2.485172] RPC: Registered tcp transport module. [ 2.485775] RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module. [ 2.486979] PCI: CLS 0 bytes, default 64 [ 2.532112] hw perfevents: enabled with armv8_pmuv3 PMU driver, 5 counters available [ 2.536683] kvm [1]: IPA Size Limit: 44bits [ 2.559619] kvm [1]: GICv3: no GICV resource entry [ 2.560989] kvm [1]: disabling GICv2 emulation [ 2.562369] kvm [1]: GIC system register CPU interface enabled [ 2.567590] kvm [1]: vgic interrupt IRQ1 [ 2.576871] kvm [1]: Hyp mode initialized successfully [ 2.664544] Initialise system trusted keyrings [ 2.672429] workingset: timestamp_bits=44 max_order=22 bucket_order=0 [ 2.779069] squashfs: version 4.0 (2009/01/31) Phillip Lougher [ 2.795020] NFS: Registering the id_resolver key type [ 2.796788] Key type id_resolver registered [ 2.797309] Key type id_legacy registered [ 2.798350] nfs4filelayout_init: NFSv4 File Layout Driver Registering... [ 2.802637] 9p: Installing v9fs 9p2000 file system support [ 2.851086] Key type asymmetric registered [ 2.852159] Asymmetric key parser 'x509' registered [ 2.853534] Block layer SCSI generic (bsg) driver version 0.4 loaded (major 245) [ 2.855307] io scheduler mq-deadline registered [ 2.856232] io scheduler kyber registered [ 3.000025] pl061_gpio 9030000.pl061: PL061 GPIO chip registered [ 3.027605] pci-host-generic 4010000000.pcie: host bridge /pcie@10000000 ranges: [ 3.031306] pci-host-generic 4010000000.pcie: IO 0x003eff0000..0x003effffff -> 0x0000000000 [ 3.034007] pci-host-generic 4010000000.pcie: MEM 0x0010000000..0x003efeffff -> 0x0010000000 [ 3.035145] pci-host-generic 4010000000.pcie: MEM 0x8000000000..0xffffffffff -> 0x8000000000 [ 3.039907] pci-host-generic 4010000000.pcie: ECAM at [mem 0x4010000000-0x401fffffff] for [bus 00-ff] [ 3.046667] pci-host-generic 4010000000.pcie: PCI host bridge to bus 0000:00 [ 3.048319] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [bus 00-ff] [ 3.049140] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [io 0x0000-0xffff] [ 3.049761] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [mem 0x10000000-0x3efeffff] [ 3.050498] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [mem 0x8000000000-0xffffffffff] [ 3.056262] pci 0000:00:00.0: [1b36:0008] type 00 class 0x060000 [ 3.075219] pci 0000:00:01.0: [1af4:1000] type 00 class 0x020000 [ 3.076926] pci 0000:00:01.0: reg 0x10: [io 0x0000-0x001f] [ 3.077938] pci 0000:00:01.0: reg 0x20: [mem 0x00000000-0x00003fff 64bit pref] [ 3.078590] pci 0000:00:01.0: reg 0x30: [mem 0x00000000-0x0003ffff pref] [ 3.081461] pci 0000:00:02.0: [1af4:1009] type 00 class 0x000200 [ 3.082088] pci 0000:00:02.0: reg 0x10: [io 0x0000-0x001f] [ 3.082717] pci 0000:00:02.0: reg 0x20: [mem 0x00000000-0x00003fff 64bit pref] [ 3.103063] pci 0000:00:01.0: BAR 6: assigned [mem 0x10000000-0x1003ffff pref] [ 3.104961] pci 0000:00:01.0: BAR 4: assigned [mem 0x8000000000-0x8000003fff 64bit pref] [ 3.106088] pci 0000:00:02.0: BAR 4: assigned [mem 0x8000004000-0x8000007fff 64bit pref] [ 3.107011] pci 0000:00:01.0: BAR 0: assigned [io 0x1000-0x101f] [ 3.107821] pci 0000:00:02.0: BAR 0: assigned [io 0x1020-0x103f] [ 3.144695] EINJ: ACPI disabled. [ 3.320115] virtio-pci 0000:00:01.0: enabling device (0000 -> 0003) [ 3.331797] virtio-pci 0000:00:02.0: enabling device (0000 -> 0003) [ 3.416986] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4 ports, IRQ sharing enabled [ 3.452418] SuperH (H)SCI(F) driver initialized [ 3.462052] msm_serial: driver initialized [ 3.488705] cacheinfo: Unable to detect cache hierarchy for CPU 0 [ 3.570256] brd: module loaded [ 3.711809] loop: module loaded [ 3.761953] virtio_blk virtio0: [vda] 83886080 512-byte logical blocks (42.9 GB/40.0 GiB) [ 3.763423] vda: detected capacity change from 0 to 42949672960 [ 3.831356] megasas: 07.714.04.00-rc1 [ 3.872631] physmap-flash 0.flash: physmap platform flash device: [mem 0x00000000-0x03ffffff] [ 3.879193] 0.flash: Found 2 x16 devices at 0x0 in 32-bit bank. Manufacturer ID 0x000000 Chip ID 0x000000 [ 3.881828] Intel/Sharp Extended Query Table at 0x0031 [ 3.885395] Using buffer write method [ 3.888677] physmap-flash 0.flash: physmap platform flash device: [mem 0x04000000-0x07ffffff] [ 3.891413] 0.flash: Found 2 x16 devices at 0x0 in 32-bit bank. Manufacturer ID 0x000000 Chip ID 0x000000 [ 3.892309] Intel/Sharp Extended Query Table at 0x0031 [ 3.894367] Using buffer write method [ 3.895564] Concatenating MTD devices: [ 3.895983] (0): "0.flash" [ 3.896289] (1): "0.flash" [ 3.896637] into device "0.flash" [ 4.028180] libphy: Fixed MDIO Bus: probed [ 4.039052] tun: Universal TUN/TAP device driver, 1.6 [ 4.095361] thunder_xcv, ver 1.0 [ 4.096347] thunder_bgx, ver 1.0 [ 4.097240] nicpf, ver 1.0 [ 4.120362] hclge is initializing [ 4.122235] hns3: Hisilicon Ethernet Network Driver for Hip08 Family - version [ 4.123023] hns3: Copyright (c) 2017 Huawei Corporation. [ 4.124933] e1000: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Driver - version 7.3.21-k8-NAPI [ 4.125545] e1000: Copyright (c) 1999-2006 Intel Corporation. [ 4.126679] e1000e: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Driver - 3.2.6-k [ 4.127441] e1000e: Copyright(c) 1999 - 2015 Intel Corporation. [ 4.128571] igb: Intel(R) Gigabit Ethernet Network Driver - version 5.6.0-k [ 4.129306] igb: Copyright (c) 2007-2014 Intel Corporation. [ 4.130460] igbvf: Intel(R) Gigabit Virtual Function Network Driver - version 2.4.0-k [ 4.131303] igbvf: Copyright (c) 2009 - 2012 Intel Corporation. [ 4.137429] sky2: driver version 1.30 [ 4.152199] VFIO - User Level meta-driver version: 0.3 [ 4.189422] ehci_hcd: USB 2.0 'Enhanced' Host Controller (EHCI) Driver [ 4.190283] ehci-pci: EHCI PCI platform driver [ 4.192055] ehci-platform: EHCI generic platform driver [ 4.194908] ehci-orion: EHCI orion driver [ 4.198429] ehci-exynos: EHCI Exynos driver [ 4.202186] ohci_hcd: USB 1.1 'Open' Host Controller (OHCI) Driver [ 4.203529] ohci-pci: OHCI PCI platform driver [ 4.205171] ohci-platform: OHCI generic platform driver [ 4.207831] ohci-exynos: OHCI Exynos driver [ 4.219821] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage [ 4.274446] rtc-pl031 9010000.pl031: registered as rtc0 [ 4.278287] rtc-pl031 9010000.pl031: setting system clock to 2020-11-28T10:08:15 UTC (1606558095) [ 4.290465] i2c /dev entries driver [ 4.384553] sdhci: Secure Digital Host Controller Interface driver [ 4.385360] sdhci: Copyright(c) Pierre Ossman [ 4.392513] Synopsys Designware Multimedia Card Interface Driver [ 4.410108] sdhci-pltfm: SDHCI platform and OF driver helper [ 4.446901] ledtrig-cpu: registered to indicate activity on CPUs [ 4.471787] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid [ 4.472576] usbhid: USB HID core driver [ 4.551982] NET: Registered protocol family 17 [ 4.559986] 9pnet: Installing 9P2000 support [ 4.565208] Key type dns_resolver registered [ 4.571337] registered taskstats version 1 [ 4.572091] Loading compiled-in X.509 certificates [ 4.618590] input: gpio-keys as /devices/platform/gpio-keys/input/input0 [ 4.637979] ALSA device list: [ 4.639425] No soundcards found. [ 4.662701] uart-pl011 9000000.pl011: no DMA platform data [ 4.913598] EXT4-fs (vda): recovery complete [ 4.919714] EXT4-fs (vda): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null) [ 4.921755] VFS: Mounted root (ext4 filesystem) on device 254:0. [ 4.940540] devtmpfs: mounted [ 5.054115] Freeing unused kernel memory: 5568K [ 5.059456] Run /sbin/init as init process [ 6.076831] random: systemd: uninitialized urandom read (16 bytes read) [ 6.179556] random: systemd: uninitialized urandom read (16 bytes read) [ 6.280217] systemd[1]: systemd 229 running in system mode. (+PAM +AUDIT +SELINUX +IMA +APPARMOR +SMACK +SYSVINIT +UTMP +LIBCRYPTSETUP +GCRYPT +GNUTLS +ACL +XZ -LZ4 +SECCOMP +BLKID +ELFUTILS +KMOD -IDN) [ 6.294513] systemd[1]: Detected virtualization qemu. [ 6.296325] systemd[1]: Detected architecture arm64. Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS! [ 6.328954] systemd[1]: Set hostname to <ubuntu-arm64>. [ 6.839512] random: systemd: uninitialized urandom read (16 bytes read) [ 7.211380] random: systemd-sysv-ge: uninitialized urandom read (16 bytes read) [ 7.358125] random: systemd-sysv-ge: uninitialized urandom read (16 bytes read) [ 7.432198] random: systemd-gpt-aut: uninitialized urandom read (16 bytes read) [ 9.399064] systemd[1]: Started Dispatch Password Requests to Console Directory Watch. [ OK ] Started Dispatch Password Requests to Console Directory Watch. [ 9.424663] systemd[1]: Listening on udev Kernel Socket. [ OK ] Listening on udev Kernel Socket. [ 9.443639] systemd[1]: Listening on Journal Audit Socket. [ OK ] Listening on Journal Audit Socket. [ 9.464302] systemd[1]: Created slice System Slice. [ OK ] Created slice System Slice. [ 9.480181] systemd[1]: Started Forward Password Requests to Wall Directory Watch. [ OK ] Started Forward Password Requests to Wall Directory Watch. [ 9.488120] systemd[1]: Reached target Paths. [ OK ] Reached target Paths. [ OK ] Reached target Swap. [ OK ] Created slice User and Session Slice. [ OK ] Reached target Slices. [ OK ] Listening on Journal Socket. Starting Remount Root and Kernel File Systems... Mounting Huge Pages File System... [ OK ] Reached target Encrypted Volumes. Mounting Debug File System... [ OK ] Created slice system-serial\x2dgetty.slice. Starting Load Kernel Modules... Mounting POSIX Message Queue File System... Starting Set console keymap... Starting Create Static Device Nodes in /dev... [ OK ] Listening on Journal Socket (/dev/log). [ OK ] Listening on udev Control Socket. [ OK ] Listening on /dev/initctl Compatibility Named Pipe. Mounting RPC Pipe File System... [ OK ] Listening on Syslog Socket. Starting Journal Service... [ OK ] Mounted Huge Pages File System. [ OK ] Mounted POSIX Message Queue File System. [ OK ] Mounted Debug File System. [ OK ] Mounted RPC Pipe File System. [ OK ] Started Remount Root and Kernel File Systems. [ 11.325976] systemd[1]: Started Load Kernel Modules. [ OK ] Started Load Kernel Modules. [ 11.564587] systemd[1]: Started Create Static Device Nodes in /dev. [ OK ] Started Create Static Device Nodes in /dev. [ 12.485134] systemd[1]: Starting udev Kernel Device Manager... Starting udev Kernel Device Manager... [ 12.564686] systemd[1]: Starting Apply Kernel Variables... Starting Apply Kernel Variables... [ 12.669024] systemd[1]: Mounting Configuration File System... Mounting Configuration File System... [ 12.796258] systemd[1]: Starting Load/Save Random Seed... Starting Load/Save Random Seed... [ 12.941210] systemd[1]: Starting udev Coldplug all Devices... Starting udev Coldplug all Devices... [ OK ] Started Journal Service. [ OK ] Mounted Configuration File System. [ OK ] Started Apply Kernel Variables. [ OK ] Started Load/Save Random Seed. [ OK ] Started udev Kernel Device Manager. Starting Flush Journal to Persistent Storage... [ OK ] Started Flush Journal to Persistent Storage. [ OK ] Started Set console keymap. [ OK ] Reached target Local File Systems (Pre). [ OK ] Reached target Local File Systems. Starting Set console font and keymap... Starting Preprocess NFS configuration... Starting Create Volatile Files and Directories... Starting LSB: ebtables ruleset management... Starting Raise network interfaces... [ OK ] Started Preprocess NFS configuration. [ OK ] Reached target NFS client services. [ OK ] Reached target Remote File Systems (Pre). [ OK ] Reached target Remote File Systems. [ OK ] Started Create Volatile Files and Directories. Starting Network Time Synchronization... Starting Update UTMP about System Boot/Shutdown... [ OK ] Started Network Time Synchronization. [ OK ] Started Update UTMP about System Boot/Shutdown. [ OK ] Reached target System Time Synchronized. [ OK ] Started LSB: ebtables ruleset management. [ OK ] Started udev Coldplug all Devices. [ OK ] Reached target System Initialization. [ OK ] Listening on Virtual machine lock manager socket. [ OK ] Listening on D-Bus System Message Bus Socket. [ OK ] Started Daily apt download activities. [ OK ] Listening on RPCbind Server Activation Socket. [ OK ] Started Daily apt upgrade and clean activities. [ OK ] Listening on Virtual machine log manager socket. [ OK ] Reached target Sockets. [ OK ] Reached target Basic System. Starting LSB: Set the CPU Frequency Scaling governor to "ondemand"... [ OK ] Started Cgroup management daemon. [ OK ] Started D-Bus System Message Bus. Starting Login Service... [ OK ] Started Daily Cleanup of Temporary Directories. [ OK ] Reached target Timers. [ OK ] Started Internet superserver. Starting System Logging Service... [ OK ] Started Regular background program processing daemon. Starting Permit User Sessions... [ OK ] Started Permit User Sessions. [ OK ] Started System Logging Service. [ OK ] Started Login Service. Starting Set console scheme... [ OK ] Started LSB: Set the CPU Frequency Scaling governor to "ondemand". [ OK ] Started Set console scheme. [ OK ] Found device /dev/ttyAMA0. [ OK ] Started Raise network interfaces. [ OK ] Reached target Network. Starting /etc/rc.local Compatibility... Starting Virtualization daemon... Starting OpenBSD Secure Shell server... [ OK ] Started /etc/rc.local Compatibility. [ OK ] Started Serial Getty on ttyAMA0. [ OK ] Started ifup for eth0. [ OK ] Started Set console font and keymap. [ OK ] Created slice system-getty.slice. [ OK ] Started Getty on tty1. [ OK ] Reached target Login Prompts. Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS ubuntu-arm64 ttyAMA0 ubuntu-arm64 login: [ 51.107941] libvirt-guests.sh[483]: libvirt-guests is configured not to start any guests on boot Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS ubuntu-arm64 ttyAMA0 ubuntu-arm64 login: pengdl Password: Last login: Sat Nov 28 10:09:10 UTC 2020 from 192.168.2.11 on pts/0 Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS (GNU/Linux 5.8.0-g949c1b5-dirty aarch64) * Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com * Management: https://landscape.canonical.com * Support: https://ubuntu.com/advantage pengdl@ubuntu-arm64:~$