一、 Python介绍
python的创始人为吉多·范罗苏姆（Guido van Rossum）。1989年的圣诞节期间，吉多·范罗苏姆为了在阿姆斯特丹打发时间，决心开发一个新的脚本解释程序，作为ABC语言的一种继承。
最新的TIOBE排行榜，Python赶超PHP占据第五， Python崇尚优美、清晰、简单，是一个优秀并广泛使用的语言。
二、发展史
- 1989年，为了打发圣诞节假期，Guido开始写Python语言的编译器。Python这个名字，来自Guido所挚爱的电视剧Monty Python’s Flying Circus。他希望这个新的叫做Python的语言，能符合他的理想：创造一种C和shell之间，功能全面，易学易用，可拓展的语言。
- 1991年，第一个Python编译器诞生。它是用C语言实现的，并能够调用C语言的库文件。从一出生，Python已经具有了：类，函数，异常处理，包含表和词典在内的核心数据类型，以及模块为基础的拓展系统。
- Granddaddy of Python web frameworks, Zope 1 was released in 1999
- Python 1.0 - January 1994 增加了 lambda, map, filter and reduce.
- Python 2.0 - October 16, 2000，加入了内存回收机制，构成了现在Python语言框架的基础
- Python 2.4 - November 30, 2004, 同年目前最流行的WEB框架Django 诞生
- Python 2.5 - September 19, 2006
- Python 2.6 - October 1, 2008
- Python 2.7 - July 3, 2010
- In November 2014, it was announced that Python 2.7 would be supported until 2020, and reaffirmed that there would be no 2.8 release as users were expected to move to Python 3.4+ as soon as possible
- Python 3.0 - December 3, 2008
- Python 3.1 - June 27, 2009
- Python 3.2 - February 20, 2011
- Python 3.3 - September 29, 2012
- Python 3.4 - March 16, 2014
- Python 3.5 - September 13, 2015
三、Python 2 or 3?
In summary : Python 2.x is legacy, Python 3.x is the present and future of the language
Python 3.0 was released in 2008. The final 2.x version 2.7 release came out in mid-2010, with a statement of
extended support for this end-of-life release. The 2.x branch will see no new major releases after that. 3.x is
under active development and has already seen over five years of stable releases, including version 3.3 in 2012,
3.4 in 2014, and 3.5 in 2015. This means that all recent standard library improvements, for example, are only
available by default in Python 3.x.
Guido van Rossum (the original creator of the Python language) decided to clean up Python 2.x properly, with less regard for backwards compatibility than is the case for new releases in the 2.x range. The most drastic improvement is the better Unicode support (with all text strings being Unicode by default) as well as saner bytes/Unicode separation.
Besides, several aspects of the core language (such as print and exec being statements, integers using floor division) have been adjusted to be easier for newcomers to learn and to be more consistent with the rest of the language, and old cruft has been removed (for example, all classes are now new-style, "range()" returns a memory efficient iterable, not a list as in 2.x).
py2与3的详细区别
PRINT IS A FUNCTION
The statement has been replaced with a print() function, with keyword arguments to replace most of the special syntax of the old statement (PEP 3105). Examples:
1 Old: print "The answer is", 2*2 New: print("The answer is", 2*2) 2 Old: print x, # Trailing comma suppresses newline New: print(x, end=" ") # Appends a space instead of a newline 3 Old: print # Prints a newline 4 New: print() # You must call the function! 5 Old: print >>sys.stderr, "fatal error" New: print("fatal error", file=sys.stderr) 6 Old: print (x, y) # prints repr((x, y)) 7 New: print((x, y)) # Not the same as print(x, y)!