在SQL Server数据库中，登录账号分类如下：
(1) SQL账号，需要单独设置密码，比如：sa；
(2) Windows账号，登录windows的账号，比如: administrator，不需要另设密码；
(3) Windows Group 账号, 为本地用户组或域用户组，将组添加到登录，组成员不需要单独创建登录；
查看Windows账号，是否属于某一个/多个用户组：
exec xp_logininfo 'windows_acount','ALL' --域用户格式为：domain_name\account_name
以下脚本，均假设最终登录账号为：test_login，所有数据库对应的user为test_user
一. 有没有权限
1. 检查有没有登录权限
--是否存在有效的登录账号：是否被禁用，sql login还有：密码是否过期，是否被锁定 select is_disabled, loginproperty(name,'Isexpired') is_expired, loginproperty(name,'Islocked') is_locked, * from sys.server_principals where name = 'test_login'
2. 检查有没有访问某数据库的权限
USE DBA GO --检查是否有数据库的CONNECT权限即可 select b.* from sys.database_principals a inner join sys.database_permissions b on a.principal_id = b.grantee_principal_id where SUSER_SNAME(a.sid) = 'test_login' and b.permission_name = 'CONNECT' --老的系统表sysusers也可以检查 SELECT name, hasdbaccess,* FROM sysusers a WHERE SUSER_SNAME(a.sid) = 'test_login'
如果有很多个数据库，写个游标1个个去检查即可。
3. 检查有没有某个对象的权限
检查有没有某个对象的权限，一般是去尝试运行下脚本比较直观，如果去查各种权限表，角色错综复杂时，很难分辨；
SQL Server 2008之后引入了HAS_PERMS_BY_NAME这个函数，它可以检查当前账号的各种权限，检查其他用户需要用EXECUTE AS来切换：
USE DBA GO EXECUTE AS user = 'test_user' GO --对象权限 SELECT HAS_PERMS_BY_NAME('Sales.SalesPerson', 'OBJECT', 'INSERT'); SELECT HAS_PERMS_BY_NAME('sp_send_dbmail', 'OBJECT', 'EXEC'); --架构权限 SELECT HAS_PERMS_BY_NAME('test_schema', 'SCHEMA', 'SELECT'); REVERT; GO
对于是否有登录、访问数据库的权限，用这个函数也可以判断：
USE master GO EXECUTE AS login = 'test_login' GO --登录权限，本机前2个参数为空即可 SELECT HAS_PERMS_BY_NAME(NULL, NULL, 'CONNECT SQL'); REVERT; GO USE DBA GO EXECUTE AS user = 'test_user' GO --数据库权限 SELECT HAS_PERMS_BY_NAME(db_name(), 'DATABASE', 'CONNECT'); REVERT;
二. 有哪些权限
权限可以直接分配给账号，也可以分配给账号所属的role，所以要把账号自身权限、所属role权限合并才是最终的账号权限。
Windows账号权限还可以通过用户组分配，所以还要检查这个Windows账号有没有属于某个用户组，如果有还需要加上这个用户组的权限；
下面的脚本，仅检查单个用户/用户组权限。
1. 实例级的权限
use master GO declare @svr_principal_name varchar(1024) set @svr_principal_name = 'test_login' declare @svr_principal_id int select @svr_principal_id = principal_id from sys.server_principals p where p.name = @svr_principal_name if OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#tmp_svr_role','U') is not null drop table #tmp_svr_role; create table #tmp_svr_role ( member_principal_id int, member_principal_name varchar(512), role_principal_id int, role_principal_name varchar(512) ) --获取登录账号的所有server role, 从sql server 2012开始，server role可以自定义，成员仅可为fixed server role ;with tmp as ( select * from sys.server_role_members where member_principal_id = @svr_principal_id union all select rm.* from sys.server_role_members rm inner join tmp on rm.member_principal_id = tmp.role_principal_id ) insert into #tmp_svr_role select a.member_principal_id, b.name, a.role_principal_id, c.name from tmp a inner join sys.server_principals b on a.member_principal_id = b.principal_id inner join sys.server_principals c on a.role_principal_id = c.principal_id --登录账号自身权限, sys.server_permissions不包含fixed server role权限，同时手动排除掉public权限 select a.principal_id as member_principal_id, a.name as member_principal_name, null as role_principal_id, null as role_principal_name, b.permission_name, b.state_desc from sys.server_principals a inner join sys.server_permissions b on a.principal_id = b.grantee_principal_id where a.principal_id = @svr_principal_id and b.permission_name <> 'CONNECT SQL' union all --server role权限，包含fixed server role和自定义的server role select a.member_principal_id, a.member_principal_name, a.role_principal_id, a.role_principal_name, isnull(b.permission_name,'Fixed Server-Level Role: '+role_principal_name) as permission_name, isnull(b.state_desc,'GRANT') as state_desc from #tmp_svr_role a left join sys.database_permissions b on a.role_principal_id = b.grantee_principal_id union all --public server role权限，不可以取消public权限，它是每个登录账号的最小权限，仅可连接数据库实例 select @svr_principal_id as member_principal_id,@svr_principal_name as member_principal_name, principal_id as role_principal_id, name as role_principal_name, 'CONNECT SQL' as permission_name, 'GRANT' as state_desc from sys.server_principals where name = 'public'