Py西游攻关之Django（一）

课程简介：

Django流程介绍
Django url
Django view
Django models
Django template
Django form
Django admin （后台数据库管理工具）

1 Django流程介绍

MTV模式

著名的MVC模式：所谓MVC就是把web应用分为模型(M),控制器(C),视图(V)三层；他们之间以一种插件似的，松耦合的方式连接在一起。

模型负责业务对象与数据库的对象(ORM),视图负责与用户的交互(页面)，控制器(C)接受用户的输入调用模型和视图完成用户的请求。

Py西游攻关之Django（一）

Django的MTV模式本质上与MVC模式没有什么差别，也是各组件之间为了保持松耦合关系，只是定义上有些许不同，Django的MTV分别代表：

Model(模型)：负责业务对象与数据库的对象(ORM)

Template(模版)：负责如何把页面展示给用户

View(视图)：负责业务逻辑，并在适当的时候调用Model和Template

此外，Django还有一个url分发器，它的作用是将一个个URL的页面请求分发给不同的view处理，view再调用相应的Model和Template

2 Django URL

URL配置(URLconf)就像Django 所支撑网站的目录。它的本质是URL模式以及要为该URL模式调用的视图函数之间的映射表；你就是以这种方式告诉Django，对于这个URL调用这段代码，对于那个URL调用那段代码。URL的家在是从配置文件中开始。

参数说明：

一个正则表达式字符串
一个可调用对象，通常为一个视图函数或一个指定视图函数路径的字符串
可选的要传递给视图函数的默认参数（字典形式）
一个可选的name参数

2.1 Here’s a sample URLconf:

from django.conf.urls import url
 
from . import views
 
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^articles/2003/$', views.special_case_2003),
    url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/$', views.year_archive),
    url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/$', views.month_archive),
    url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/([0-9]+)/$', views.article_detail),
]

Notes:

To capture a value from the URL, just put parenthesis around it.
There’s no need to add a leading slash, because every URL has that. For example, it’s ^articles, not ^/articles.
The 'r' in front of each regular expression string is optional but recommended. It tells Python that a string is “raw” – that nothing in the string should be escaped. See Dive Into Python’s explanation.

Example requests:

A request to /articles/2005/03/ would match the third entry in the list. Django would call the functionviews.month_archive(request, '2005', '03').
/articles/2005/3/ would not match any URL patterns, because the third entry in the list requires two digits for the month.
/articles/2003/ would match the first pattern in the list, not the second one, because the patterns are tested in order, and the first one is the first test to pass. Feel free to exploit the ordering to insert special cases like this. Here, Django would call the function views.special_case_2003(request)
/articles/2003 would not match any of these patterns, because each pattern requires that the URL end with a slash.
/articles/2003/03/03/ would match the final pattern. Django would call the functionviews.article_detail(request, '2003', '03', '03').

2.2 Named groups

The above example used simple, non-named regular-expression groups (via parenthesis) to capture bits of the URL and pass them as positional arguments to a view. In more advanced usage, it’s possible to use named regular-expression groups to capture URL bits and pass them as keyword arguments to a view.

In Python regular expressions, the syntax for named regular-expression groups is (?P<name>pattern), where name is the name of the group and pattern is some pattern to match.

Here’s the above example URLconf, rewritten to use named groups:

import re

ret=re.search('(?P<id>\d{3})/(?P<name>\w{3})','weeew34ttt123/ooo')

print(ret.group())
print(ret.group('id'))
print(ret.group('name'))

正则知识