Django进阶之查询优化、extra注入SQL及批量创建

Django查询优化

　　Django的查询优化用到两个函数——select_related()和prefetch_related()。

　　select_related()用的是连表join的方式，主要处理一对一和一对多情况下的优化查询

　　prefetch_related()用的方式是分别查询每张表，然后用Python的方法处理，主要用于多对多情况下的优化查询

这里我们准备一份表结构数据方便下面举例说明

class UserInfo(AbstractUser):
    """
    用户信息
    """
    nid = models.BigAutoField(primary_key=True)
    nickname = models.CharField(verbose_name='昵称', max_length=32)
    telephone = models.CharField(max_length=11, blank=True, null=True, unique=True, verbose_name='手机号码')
    avatar = models.FileField(verbose_name='头像',upload_to = 'avatar/',default="/avatar/default.png")
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='创建时间', auto_now_add=True)
 
    fans = models.ManyToManyField(verbose_name='粉丝们',
                                  to='UserInfo',
                                  through='UserFans',
                                  related_name='f',
                                  through_fields=('user', 'follower'))
 
    def __str__(self):
        return self.username
 
class UserFans(models.Model):
    """
    互粉关系表
    """
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    user = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='博主', to='UserInfo', to_field='nid', related_name='users')
    follower = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='粉丝', to='UserInfo', to_field='nid', related_name='followers')
 
class Blog(models.Model):
 
    """
    博客信息
    """
    nid = models.BigAutoField(primary_key=True)
    title = models.CharField(verbose_name='个人博客标题', max_length=64)
    site = models.CharField(verbose_name='个人博客后缀', max_length=32, unique=True)
    theme = models.CharField(verbose_name='博客主题', max_length=32)
    user = models.OneToOneField(to='UserInfo', to_field='nid')
    def __str__(self):
        return self.title
 
class Category(models.Model):
    """
    博主个人文章分类表
    """
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    title = models.CharField(verbose_name='分类标题', max_length=32)
 
    blog = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='所属博客', to='Blog', to_field='nid')
 
class Article(models.Model):
 
    nid = models.BigAutoField(primary_key=True)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name='文章标题')
    desc = models.CharField(max_length=255, verbose_name='文章描述')
    read_count = models.IntegerField(default=0)
    comment_count= models.IntegerField(default=0)
    up_count = models.IntegerField(default=0)
    down_count = models.IntegerField(default=0)
    category = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='文章类型', to='Category', to_field='nid', null=True)
    create_time = models.DateField(verbose_name='创建时间')
    blog = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='所属博客', to='Blog', to_field='nid')
    tags = models.ManyToManyField(
        to="Tag",
        through='Article2Tag',
        through_fields=('article', 'tag'),
)
 
 
class ArticleDetail(models.Model):
    """
    文章详细表
    """
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    content = models.TextField(verbose_name='文章内容', )
 
    article = models.OneToOneField(verbose_name='所属文章', to='Article', to_field='nid')
 
 
class Comment(models.Model):
    """
    评论表
    """
    nid = models.BigAutoField(primary_key=True)
    article = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='评论文章', to='Article', to_field='nid')
    content = models.CharField(verbose_name='评论内容', max_length=255)
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='创建时间', auto_now_add=True)
 
    parent_comment = models.ForeignKey('self', blank=True, null=True, verbose_name='父级评论')
    user = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='评论者', to='UserInfo', to_field='nid')
 
    up_count = models.IntegerField(default=0)
 
    def __str__(self):
        return self.content
 
class ArticleUpDown(models.Model):
    """
    点赞表
    """
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    user = models.ForeignKey('UserInfo', null=True)
    article = models.ForeignKey("Article", null=True)
    models.BooleanField(verbose_name='是否赞')
 
class CommentUp(models.Model):
    """
    点赞表
    """
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    user = models.ForeignKey('UserInfo', null=True)
    comment = models.ForeignKey("Comment", null=True)
 
 
class Tag(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    title = models.CharField(verbose_name='标签名称', max_length=32)
    blog = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='所属博客', to='Blog', to_field='nid')
 
 
 
class Article2Tag(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    article = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='文章', to="Article", to_field='nid')
    tag = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='标签', to="Tag", to_field='nid')

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