010-核心技术-netty-编码解码机制、protobuf、Netty入站出站机制、netty与log结合

　　编写网络应用程序时，因为数据在网络中传输的都是二进制字节码数据，在发送数据时就需要编码，接收数据时就需要解码

　　codec（编解码器）的组成：decoder（解码器）和encoder（编码器）

　　encoder负责把业务数据转换成字节码数据，decoder负责把字节码数据转换成业务数据

　　010-核心技术-netty-编码解码机制、protobuf、Netty入站出站机制、netty与log结合

1.1、Netty本身编解码机制与问题

1）Netty提供的编码器和解码器

StringEncoder、StringDecoder，对字符串数据进行编码解码

ObjectEncoder、ObjectDecoder，对java对象进行编码解码

2）问题分析

ObjectEncoder、ObjectDecoder可以用来实现POJO对象或各种业务对象的编码和解码，底层使用的时java序列化技术，存在如下问题：

无法跨语言、java序列化效率低、序列化后的体积太大，是二进制编码的5倍多、序列化性能低

引入新的方案：google的protobuf

1.2、Protobuf介绍和使用

　　是google开源项目，全称Google Protocol Buffers，是一种轻便高效的结构化数据存储格式，可以用于结构化数据串行化，或者说序列化。如数据存储、RPC等

　　pb是以message方式来管理数据的

　　支持跨平台、跨语言。

　　高性能、高可靠性

　　使用protobuf编译器能自动生成代码，Protobuf是将类的定义使用.proto文件进行描述。在idea中编写proto文件时，可以下载插件

　　通过protoc 编译器根据.proto自动生成java代码

1）基础类型

.proto类型 java类型 C++类型 备注
double double double  
float float float  
int32 int int32 使用可变长编码方式。编码负数时不够高效——如果你的字段可能含有负数，那么请使用sint32。
int64 long int64 使用可变长编码方式。编码负数时不够高效——如果你的字段可能含有负数，那么请使用sint64。
unit32 int[1] unit32 总是4个字节。如果数值总是比总是比228大的话，这个类型会比uint32高效。
unit64 long[1] unit64 总是8个字节。如果数值总是比总是比256大的话，这个类型会比uint64高效。
sint32 int int32 使用可变长编码方式。有符号的整型值。编码时比通常的int32高效。
sint64 long int64 使用可变长编码方式。有符号的整型值。编码时比通常的int64高效。
fixed32 int[1] unit32  
fixed64 long[1] unit64 总是8个字节。如果数值总是比总是比256大的话，这个类型会比uint64高效。
sfixed32 int int32 总是4个字节。
sfixed64 long int64 总是8个字节。
bool boolean bool  
string String string 一个字符串必须是UTF-8编码或者7-bit ASCII编码的文本。
bytes ByteString string 可能包含任意顺序的字节数据

2）特殊字段

英文 中文 备注
enum 枚举(数字从零开始) 作用是为字段指定某”预定义值序列” enum Type {MAN = 0;WOMAN = 1; OTHER= 3;}
message 消息体 message User{}
repeated 数组/集合 repeated User users = 1
import 导入定义 import "protos/other_protos.proto"
// 注释 //用于注释
extend 扩展 extend User {}
package 包名 相当于命名空间，用来防止不同消息类型的明明冲突

1.2.1、mac安装

brew install protobuf
protobuf --version 

1.2.2、编写proto文件

在/resources/proto下建立Student.proto文件，内容如下

syntax = "proto3";
option java_outer_classname = "StudentPOJO";
option java_package = "com.github.bjlhx15.netty.demo.netty.codec";

message Student{//会在StudentPOJO外部类生成一个内部类，是真实发送的数据
  int32 id = 1 ;//1 属性序号
  string name = 2;
}

使用如下代码生成

protoc --java_out=../../java/ Student.proto

java代码如下

// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
// source: Student.proto

package com.github.bjlhx15.netty.demo.netty.codec;

public final class StudentPOJO {
  private StudentPOJO() {}
  public static void registerAllExtensions(
      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite registry) {
  }

  public static void registerAllExtensions(
      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistry registry) {
    registerAllExtensions(
        (com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite) registry);
  }
  public interface StudentOrBuilder extends
      // @@protoc_insertion_point(interface_extends:Student)
      com.google.protobuf.MessageOrBuilder {

    /**
     * <pre>
     *1 属性序号
     * </pre>
     *
     * <code>int32 id = 1;</code>
     * @return The id.
     */
    int getId();

    /**
     * <code>string name = 2;</code>
     * @return The name.
     */
    java.lang.String getName();
    /**
     * <code>string name = 2;</code>
     * @return The bytes for name.
     */
    com.google.protobuf.ByteString
        getNameBytes();
  }
  /**
   * <pre>
   *会在StudentPOJO外部类生成一个内部类，是真实发送的数据
   * </pre>
   *
   * Protobuf type {@code Student}
   */
  public static final class Student extends
      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3 implements
      // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_implements:Student)
      StudentOrBuilder {
  private static final long serialVersionUID = 0L;
    // Use Student.newBuilder() to construct.
    private Student(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder) {
      super(builder);
    }
    private Student() {
      name_ = "";
    }

    @java.lang.Override
    @SuppressWarnings({"unused"})
    protected java.lang.Object newInstance(
        UnusedPrivateParameter unused) {
      return new Student();
    }

    @java.lang.Override
    public final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet
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      return this.unknownFields;
    }
    private Student(
        com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
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      this();
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        throw new java.lang.NullPointerException();
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      com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.Builder unknownFields =
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      try {
        boolean done = false;
        while (!done) {
          int tag = input.readTag();
          switch (tag) {
            case 0:
              done = true;
              break;
            case 8: {

              id_ = input.readInt32();
              break;
            }
            case 18: {
              java.lang.String s = input.readStringRequireUtf8();

              name_ = s;
              break;
            }
            default: {
              if (!parseUnknownField(
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                done = true;
              }
              break;
            }
          }
        }
      } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
        throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(this);
      } catch (java.io.IOException e) {
        throw new com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException(
            e).setUnfinishedMessage(this);
      } finally {
        this.unknownFields = unknownFields.build();
        makeExtensionsImmutable();
      }
    }
    public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
        getDescriptor() {
      return com.github.bjlhx15.netty.demo.netty.codec.StudentPOJO.internal_static_Student_descriptor;
    }

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    public static final int ID_FIELD_NUMBER = 1;
    private int id_;
    /**
     * <pre>
     *1 属性序号
     * </pre>
     *
     * <code>int32 id = 1;</code>
     * @return The id.
     */
    @java.lang.Override
    public int getId() {
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    }

    public static final int NAME_FIELD_NUMBER = 2;
    private volatile java.lang.Object name_;
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     * <code>string name = 2;</code>
     * @return The name.
     */
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     * @return The bytes for name.
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    public com.google.protobuf.ByteString
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      if (ref instanceof java.lang.String) {
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    private byte memoizedIsInitialized = -1;
    @java.lang.Override
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    @java.lang.Override
    public void writeTo(com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream output)
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        output.writeInt32(1, id_);
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      if (!getNameBytes().isEmpty()) {
        com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.writeString(output, 2, name_);
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      unknownFields.writeTo(output);
    }

    @java.lang.Override
    public int getSerializedSize() {
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      size = 0;
      if (id_ != 0) {
        size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream
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      }
      if (!getNameBytes().isEmpty()) {
        size += com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.computeStringSize(2, name_);
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      size += unknownFields.getSerializedSize();
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    }

    @java.lang.Override
    public boolean equals(final java.lang.Object obj) {
      if (obj == this) {
       return true;
      }
      if (!(obj instanceof com.github.bjlhx15.netty.demo.netty.codec.StudentPOJO.Student)) {
        return super.equals(obj);
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      if (!getName()
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      if (!unknownFields.equals(other.unknownFields)) return false;
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    @java.lang.Override
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      hash = (19 * hash) + getDescriptor().hashCode();
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    public static com.github.bjlhx15.netty.demo.netty.codec.StudentPOJO.Student parseFrom(
        java.nio.ByteBuffer data)
        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
      return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
    }
    public static com.github.bjlhx15.netty.demo.netty.codec.StudentPOJO.Student parseFrom(
        java.nio.ByteBuffer data,
        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
      return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
    }
    public static com.github.bjlhx15.netty.demo.netty.codec.StudentPOJO.Student parseFrom(
        com.google.protobuf.ByteString data)
        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
      return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
    }
    public static com.github.bjlhx15.netty.demo.netty.codec.StudentPOJO.Student parseFrom(
        com.google.protobuf.ByteString data,
        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
      return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
    }
    public static com.github.bjlhx15.netty.demo.netty.codec.StudentPOJO.Student parseFrom(byte[] data)
        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
      return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
    }
    public static com.github.bjlhx15.netty.demo.netty.codec.StudentPOJO.Student parseFrom(
        byte[] data,
        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
      return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
    }
    public static com.github.bjlhx15.netty.demo.netty.codec.StudentPOJO.Student parseFrom(java.io.InputStream input)
        throws java.io.IOException {
      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
          .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input);
    }
    public static com.github.bjlhx15.netty.demo.netty.codec.StudentPOJO.Student parseFrom(
        java.io.InputStream input,
        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
        throws java.io.IOException {
      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
          .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
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    public static com.github.bjlhx15.netty.demo.netty.codec.StudentPOJO.Student parseDelimitedFrom(java.io.InputStream input)
        throws java.io.IOException {
      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
          .parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input);
    }
    public static com.github.bjlhx15.netty.demo.netty.codec.StudentPOJO.Student parseDelimitedFrom(
        java.io.InputStream input,
        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
        throws java.io.IOException {
      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
          .parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
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    public static com.github.bjlhx15.netty.demo.netty.codec.StudentPOJO.Student parseFrom(
        com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input)
        throws java.io.IOException {
      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
          .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input);
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    public static com.github.bjlhx15.netty.demo.netty.codec.StudentPOJO.Student parseFrom(
        com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
        throws java.io.IOException {
      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
          .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
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    @java.lang.Override
    public Builder newBuilderForType() { return newBuilder(); }
    public static Builder newBuilder() {
      return DEFAULT_INSTANCE.toBuilder();
    }
    public static Builder newBuilder(com.github.bjlhx15.netty.demo.netty.codec.StudentPOJO.Student prototype) {
      return DEFAULT_INSTANCE.toBuilder().mergeFrom(prototype);
    }
    @java.lang.Override
    public Builder toBuilder() {
      return this == DEFAULT_INSTANCE
          ? new Builder() : new Builder().mergeFrom(this);
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    @java.lang.Override
    protected Builder newBuilderForType(
        com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.BuilderParent parent) {
      Builder builder = new Builder(parent);
      return builder;
    }
    /**
     * <pre>
     *会在StudentPOJO外部类生成一个内部类，是真实发送的数据
     * </pre>
     *
     * Protobuf type {@code Student}
     */
    public static final class Builder extends
        com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<Builder> implements
        // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_implements:Student)
        com.github.bjlhx15.netty.demo.netty.codec.StudentPOJO.StudentOrBuilder {
      public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
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      @java.lang.Override
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      @java.lang.Override
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      @java.lang.Override
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        if (!result.isInitialized()) {
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      private int id_ ;
      /**
       * <pre>
       *1 属性序号
       * </pre>
       *
       * <code>int32 id = 1;</code>
       * @return The id.
       */
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       * <pre>
       *1 属性序号
       * </pre>
       *
       * <code>int32 id = 1;</code>
       * @param value The id to set.
       * @return This builder for chaining.
       */
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        onChanged();
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       * <pre>
       *1 属性序号
       * </pre>
       *
       * <code>int32 id = 1;</code>
       * @return This builder for chaining.
       */
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        id_ = 0;
        onChanged();
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       * <code>string name = 2;</code>
       * @return The name.
       */
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       * <code>string name = 2;</code>
       * @return This builder for chaining.
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        name_ = getDefaultInstance().getName();
        onChanged();
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       * @param value The bytes for name to set.
       * @return This builder for chaining.
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    throw new NullPointerException();
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  checkByteStringIsUtf8(value);
        
        name_ = value;
        onChanged();
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      @java.lang.Override
      public final Builder setUnknownFields(
          final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
        return super.setUnknownFields(unknownFields);
      }

      @java.lang.Override
      public final Builder mergeUnknownFields(
          final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
        return super.mergeUnknownFields(unknownFields);
      }


      // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_scope:Student)
    }

    // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:Student)
    private static final com.github.bjlhx15.netty.demo.netty.codec.StudentPOJO.Student DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
    static {
      DEFAULT_INSTANCE = new com.github.bjlhx15.netty.demo.netty.codec.StudentPOJO.Student();
    }

    public static com.github.bjlhx15.netty.demo.netty.codec.StudentPOJO.Student getDefaultInstance() {
      return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
    }

    private static final com.google.protobuf.Parser<Student>
        PARSER = new com.google.protobuf.AbstractParser<Student>() {
      @java.lang.Override
      public Student parsePartialFrom(
          com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
          com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
          throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
        return new Student(input, extensionRegistry);
      }
    };

    public static com.google.protobuf.Parser<Student> parser() {
      return PARSER;
    }

    @java.lang.Override
    public com.google.protobuf.Parser<Student> getParserForType() {
      return PARSER;
    }

    @java.lang.Override
    public com.github.bjlhx15.netty.demo.netty.codec.StudentPOJO.Student getDefaultInstanceForType() {
      return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
    }

  }

  private static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
    internal_static_Student_descriptor;
  private static final 
    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
      internal_static_Student_fieldAccessorTable;

  public static com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
      getDescriptor() {
    return descriptor;
  }
  private static  com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
      descriptor;
  static {
    java.lang.String[] descriptorData = {
      "\n\rStudent.proto\"#\n\007Student\022\n\n\002id\030\001 \001(\005\022\014" +
      "\n\004name\030\002 \001(\tB8\n)com.github.bjlhx15.netty" +
      ".demo.netty.codecB\013StudentPOJOb\006proto3"
    };
    descriptor = com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
      .internalBuildGeneratedFileFrom(descriptorData,
        new com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor[] {
        });
    internal_static_Student_descriptor =
      getDescriptor().getMessageTypes().get(0);
    internal_static_Student_fieldAccessorTable = new
      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable(
        internal_static_Student_descriptor,
        new java.lang.String[] { "Id", "Name", });
  }

  // @@protoc_insertion_point(outer_class_scope)
}
View Code

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