Python之并发编程-concurrent

 

 

#1 介绍
concurrent.futures模块提供了高度封装的异步调用接口
ThreadPoolExecutor：线程池，提供异步调用
ProcessPoolExecutor: 进程池，提供异步调用
Both implement the same interface, which is defined by the abstract Executor class.

#2 基本方法
#submit(fn, *args, **kwargs)
异步提交任务

obj = p.submit(task,i).result() #相当于apply同步方法
obj = p.submit(task,i) #相当于apply_async异步方法

#map(func, *iterables, timeout=None, chunksize=1) 
取代for循环submit的操作

#shutdown(wait=True) 
相当于进程池的pool.close()+pool.join()操作
wait=True，等待池内所有任务执行完毕回收完资源后才继续
wait=False，立即返回，并不会等待池内的任务执行完毕
但不管wait参数为何值，整个程序都会等到所有任务执行完毕
submit和map必须在shutdown之前

#result(timeout=None)
取得结果

#add_done_callback(fn)
回调函数

 

示例

#介绍
The ProcessPoolExecutor class is an Executor subclass that uses a pool of processes to execute calls asynchronously. ProcessPoolExecutor uses the multiprocessing module, which allows it to side-step the Global Interpreter Lock but also means that only picklable objects can be executed and returned.

class concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor(max_workers=None, mp_context=None)
An Executor subclass that executes calls asynchronously using a pool of at most max_workers processes. If max_workers is None or not given, it will default to the number of processors on the machine. If max_workers is lower or equal to 0, then a ValueError will be raised.


#用法
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor,ProcessPoolExecutor

import os,time,random
def task(n):
    print('%s is runing' %os.getpid())
    time.sleep(random.randint(1,3))
    return n**2

if __name__ == '__main__':

    executor=ProcessPoolExecutor(max_workers=3)

    futures=[]
    for i in range(11):
        future=executor.submit(task,i)
        futures.append(future)
    executor.shutdown(True)
    print('+++>')
    for future in futures:
        print(future.result())

ProcessPoolExecutor