Django - rest - framework - 上

一、快速实例

http://www.django-rest-framework.org/tutorial/quickstart/#quickstart

http://www.cnblogs.com/yuanchenqi/articles/8719520.html

简介：

restframework(Django)  app
pip install django
pip install djangorestframework

(前后端分离 后端返回 json 数据)

----针对数据：json

---- 一切皆是资源,操作只是请求方式

----book表增删改查
     /books/                 books
     /books/add/             addbook
     /books/(\d+)/change/    changebook
     /books/(\d+)/delete/    delbook

----book表增删改查  url里面不能出现动词！！
     /books/     -----get            books      -----  返回当前所有数据
     /books/     -----post           books      -----  返回提交数据

     /books/(\d+)-----get            bookdetail -----  返回当前查看的单条数据
     /books/(\d+)-----put            bookdetail -----  返回更新数据
     /books/(\d+)-----delete         bookdetail -----  返回空

应用：

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin

from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^book/', views.Book.as_view()),
    url(r'^bookdetail/(\d+)', views.BookDetail.as_view()),

]

---------------------------------------------------------------

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse

# Create your views here.

from django.views import View

class Book(View):

    def get(self,request):
        return HttpResponse("get all...")    # 查看所有书籍

    def post(self,request):
        return HttpResponse("post all...")   # 添加书籍


class BookDetail(View):

    def get(self,request,pk):
        return HttpResponse("get ..."+ pk)   # 查看某本书籍

    def put(self,request,pk):
        return HttpResponse("put ..." + pk)  # 查看某本书籍

    def post(self,request,pk):
        return HttpResponse("post ..." + pk) # 添加某本书籍

    def delete(self,request,pk):
        return HttpResponse("delete ..." + pk) # 删除某本书籍

 

二、序列化

url(r"^publishes/", views.PublishView.as_view())

 

方式一 list()

class PublishView(View):
    def get(self,request):
        # 方式一：
        publish_list = list(Publish.objects.all().values("name","email"))
        # {'name': '苹果出版社', 'email': '123@qq.com'}{'name': '橘子出版社', 'email': '456@qq.com'}
        return HttpResponse(publish_list)

 

方式二 model_to_dict(obj)

class PublishView(View):
    def get(self,request):
        # 方式二：
        from django.forms.models import model_to_dict
        publish_list = Publish.objects.all()
        temp = []
        for obj in publish_list:
            # temp.append({
            #     "name":obj.name,
            #     "email":obj.email
            # })
            temp.append(model_to_dict(obj))
        print(temp, type(temp))
        # [{'name': '苹果出版社', 'email': '123@qq.com'}, {'name': '橘子出版社', 'email': '456@qq.com'}] <class 'list'>
        # [{'id': 1, 'name': '苹果出版社', 'email': '123@qq.com'}, {'id': 2, 'name': '橘子出版社', 'email': '456@qq.com'}] <class 'list'>

        return HttpResponse(temp)

 

方式三 serializers.serialize("json",publish_list)

class PublishView(View):
    def get(self,request):
        # 方式三
        from django.core import serializers
        publish_list = Publish.objects.all()
        ret = serializers.serialize("json",publish_list)
        """
        [
            {
                "model": "app01.publish",
                "pk": 1,
                "fields": {
                    "name": "苹果出版社",
                    "email": "123@qq.com"
                }
            },
            {
                "model": "app01.publish",
                "pk": 2,
                "fields": {
                    "name": "橘子出版社",
                    "email": "456@qq.com"
                }
            }
        ]
        """
        return HttpResponse(ret)

 

方式四（推荐）(rest_framework  serializers)

序列化一个queryset:  PublishSerializers(publish_list, many=True)
序列化一个对象:  PublishSerializers(model_obj)

from rest_framework import serializers

class PublishSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
    name = serializers.CharField()
    email = serializers.EmailField()


class PublishView(View):
    def get(self,request):
        # 方式四(推荐)
        publish_list = Publish.objects.all()
        ret = PublishSerializers(publish_list, many=True) # queryset
        # print(ret.data)
        # print(type(ret.data))
        # [OrderedDict([('name', '苹果出版社'), ('email', '123@qq.com')]),
        # OrderedDict([('name', '橘子出版社'), ('email', '456@qq.com')])]
        # <class 'rest_framework.utils.serializer_helpers.ReturnList'>
        """
        >>>dict([("name","橘子出版社"),("email","456@qq.com")])
        {'name': '橘子出版社', 'email': '456@qq.com'}
        """

        return HttpResponse(ret.data)

 

三、rest_framework (APIView)

models.py

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class Book(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    price = models.IntegerField()
    pub_date = models.DateField()
    publish = models.ForeignKey("Publish")
    authors = models.ManyToManyField("Author")


class Publish(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    email = models.EmailField()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class Author(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    age = models.IntegerField()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

 

取数据

get:

　　request._request ( 原request )

　　request.GET == request._request.GET  

post:

　　request.data ( 得到 json 数据，也可得到 urlencode 数据)

　　　　都是 rest_framework  APIView 的功劳，

　　如果使用 View , request.post( 只能得到 urlencode 的数据，不能得到 json 数据，只能从 request.body 中取) 

 

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse
from django.views import View
from .models import *
from rest_framework.views import APIView, Response
from rest_framework import serializers


class PublishSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
    name = serializers.CharField()
    email = serializers.EmailField()


class PublishView(APIView):
    def get(self,request):
        # 取数据 APIView
        publish_obj = Publish.objects.all()
        ret = PublishSerializers(publish_obj,many=True)
        print(ret.data)
        # [OrderedDict([('name', '苹果出版社'), ('email', '123@qq.com')]),
        # OrderedDict([('name', '橘子出版社'), ('email', '456@qq.com')])]

        print(request.GET)  # <QueryDict: {'a': ['1'], 'b': ['2']}>
        print("data",request.data) #  # 只处理 post
        print(request._request.GET) # <QueryDict: {'a': ['1'], 'b': ['2']}>

        return HttpResponse(ret.data)
        # return Response(ret.data)

    def post(self,request):
        # 取数据  View              （原生request支持得操作）
        # print("post",request.POST) # <QueryDict: {'a': ['1'], 'b': ['2']}>
        # print("body",request.body) #  b'a=1&b=2'

        # 发的是json数据  View (不处理json数据，只解析urlencode)   （原生request支持得操作）
        # print("post", request.POST)  # <QueryDict: {}>
        # print("body", request.body)  # b'{"name":"yuan","age":12}'

        # print(type(request)) # <class 'django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIRequest'>
        # from django.core.handlers.wsgi import WSGIRequest

        # APIView    （新得request支持得操作）
        print(type(request)) # <class 'rest_framework.request.Request'>
        from rest_framework.request import Request
        print(request._request) # <WSGIRequest: POST '/publishes/'>
        print("data",request.data)  # {'name': 'yuan', 'age': 12}
        print("type",type(request.data)) #  <class 'dict'>
        return HttpResponse('POST')

 

四、rest_framework (Response)

""" 响应器
针对 不同得访问者 浏览器 postman 做不同得处理
只有浏览器，用户 会给一个页面！！

几种请求方式
get post
get put delete

"""

Response: 

        

 

配置之后：浏览器才可访问； rest_framework 是django的一个app！

可发 get / post 请求 ！！

 

postman:  可模拟浏览器发送

　　get post put delete ...

 

 

   

 

from .models import *
from rest_framework.views import APIView, Response
from rest_framework import serializers


class PublishSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
    name = serializers.CharField()
    email = serializers.EmailField()


class PublishView(APIView):
    def get(self,request):
        publish_obj = Publish.objects.all()
        # model_obj = Publish.objects.all().first()
        ret = PublishSerializers(publish_obj,many=True)  # queryset
        # ret = PublishSerializers(model_obj)  # obj 
        return Response(ret.data)

    def post(self,request):
        print("data",request.data)  # {'name': 'yuan', 'age': 12}
        return Response(request.data)

 

五、rest_framework (serializers.Serializer)

一对多：

　　publish = serializers.CharField()       # str(obj) 

　　publish = serializers.CharField(source='publish.email')

 

多对多：　　

# authors = serializers.CharField(source="authors.all") 

authors = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
def get_authors(self,book_obj):
　　temp = []
　　for obj in book_obj.authors.all():
　　　　temp.append(obj.name)
　　return temp

 

   

 

from .models import *
from rest_framework.views import APIView, Response
from rest_framework import serializers


class BookSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
    title = serializers.CharField(max_length=32)
    price = serializers.IntegerField()
    pub_date = serializers.DateField()
    publish = serializers.CharField(source='publish.email')
    # authors = serializers.CharField(source="authors.all")

    authors = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    def get_authors(self,book_obj):
        temp = []
        for obj in book_obj.authors.all():
            temp.append(obj.name)
        return temp

class BookView(APIView):
    def get(self, request):
        book_list = Book.objects.all()
        ret = BookSerializers(book_list,many=True)
        return Response(ret.data)

    def post(self, request):
        pass

"""
序列化的过程：
    BookSerializers(book_list,many=True)
    temp = []
    for obj in book_list:
        "title":obj.title,
        "price":obj.price,
        "pub_date":obj.pub_date,
        "publish":str(obj.publish),
        #"authors":obj.authors.all,
        "authors":get_authors(obj)  
"""



class PublishSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
    name = serializers.CharField()
    email = serializers.EmailField()


class PublishView(APIView):
    def get(self,request):
        publish_obj = Publish.objects.all()
        # model_obj = Publish.objects.all().first()
        ret = PublishSerializers(publish_obj,many=True)
        # ret = PublishSerializers(model_obj)
        return Response(ret.data)

    def post(self,request):
        print("data",request.data)  # {'name': 'yuan', 'age': 12}
        return Response(request.data)


-----------------------------------------

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin

from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r"^publishes/", views.PublishView.as_view()),
    url(r"^books/", views.BookView.as_view())
]

 

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class Book(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    price = models.IntegerField()
    pub_date = models.DateField()
    publish = models.ForeignKey("Publish")
    authors = models.ManyToManyField("Author")

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

class Publish(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    email = models.EmailField()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class Author(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    age = models.IntegerField()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

models.py