结果过滤
默认情况下，elasticsearch在搜索的结果中，会把文档中保存在_source的所有字段都返回。
如果我们只想获取其中的部分字段，我们可以添加_source的过滤
直接指定字段
示例：
POST /heima/_search
{
"_source": ["title","price"],
"query": {
"term": {
"price": 2699
}
}
}
返回的结果：
{
"took": 4,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 1,
"max_score": 1,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "heima",
"_type": "goods",
"_id": "3q3hTW0BTp_XthqB2lMR",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"price": 2699,
"title": "小米手机"
}
}
]
}
}
指定includes和excludes
我们也可以通过：
- includes：来指定想要显示的字段
- excludes：来指定不想要显示的字段
二者都是可选的。
示例：
POST /heima/_search
{
"_source": {
"includes":["title","price"]
},
"query": {
"term": {
"price": 2699
}
}
}
与下面的结果将是一样的：
POST /heima/_search
{
"_source": {
"excludes": ["images"]
},
"query": {
"term": {
"price": 2699
}
}
}
结果：
{
"took": 2,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 1,
"max_score": 1,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "heima",
"_type": "goods",
"_id": "3q3hTW0BTp_XthqB2lMR",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"price": 2699,
"title": "小米手机"
}
}
]
}
}
高级查询
布尔组合（bool)
bool把各种其它查询通过must（与）、must_not（非）、should（或）的方式进行组合
GET /heima/_search
{
"query":{
"bool":{
"must": { "match": { "title": "小米" }},
"must_not": { "match": { "title": "电视" }},
"should": { "match": { "title": "手机" }}
}
}
}
结果：
{
"took": 134,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 1,
"max_score": 1.0884295,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "heima",
"_type": "goods",
"_id": "3q3hTW0BTp_XthqB2lMR",
"_score": 1.0884295,
"_source": {
"title": "小米手机",
"images": "http://image.leyou.com/12479122.jpg",
"price": 2699
}
}
]
}
}
范围查询(range)
range 查询找出那些落在指定区间内的数字或者时间
range查询允许以下字符：
| 操作符 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| gt | 大于 |
| gte | 大于等于 |
| lt | 小于 |
| lte | 小于等于 |
示例：
POST /heima/_search
{
"query":{
"range": {
"price": {
"gte": 3000,
"lt": 5000
}
}
}
}
结果：
{
"took": 7,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 2,
"max_score": 1,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "heima",
"_type": "goods",
"_id": "3a3hTW0BTp_XthqB2lMR",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"title": "大米手机",
"images": "http://image.leyou.com/12479122.jpg",
"price": 3288
}
},
{
"_index": "heima",
"_type": "goods",
"_id": "363hTW0BTp_XthqB2lMR",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"title": "小米电视4A",
"images": "http://image.leyou.com/12479122.jpg",
"price": 4288
}
}
]
}
}
模糊查询(fuzzy)
我们新增一个商品：
POST /heima/goods/4
{
"title":"apple手机",
"images":"http://image.leyou.com/12479122.jpg",
"price":5899.00
}
fuzzy自动将拼写错误的搜索文本，进行纠正，纠正以后去尝试匹配索引中的数据
它允许用户搜索词条与实际词条出现偏差，但是偏差的编辑距离不得超过2：
POST /heima/_search
{
"query": {
"fuzzy": {
"title": "appla"
}
}
}
上面的查询，也能查询到apple手机
fuzziness，你的搜索文本最多可以纠正几个字母去跟你的数据进行匹配，默认如果不设置，就是2我们可以通过
POST /heima/_search
{
"query": {
"fuzzy": {
"title": {
"value": "applaa",
"fuzziness": 2
}
}
}
}
排序
单字段排序
sort 可以让我们按照不同的字段进行排序，并且通过order指定排序的方式
POST /heima/_search
{
"query": {
"match_all": {}
},
"sort": [
{"price": {"order": "desc"}}
]
}
多字段排序
假定我们想要结合使用 price和 _score（得分） 进行查询，并且匹配的结果首先按照价格排序，然后按照相关性得分排序：
POST /heima/_search
{
"query":{
"match_all":{}
},
"sort": [
{ "price": { "order": "desc" }},
{ "_score": { "order": "desc" }}
]
}
高亮
elasticsearch中实现高亮的语法比较简单：
POST /heima/_search
{
"query": {
"match": {
"title": "电视"
}
},
"highlight": {
"pre_tags": "<font color='pink'>",
"post_tags": "</font>",
"fields": {
"title": {}
}
}
}
在使用match查询的同时，加上一个highlight属性：
-
pre_tags：前置标签
-
post_tags：后置标签
-
fields：需要高亮的字段
- title：这里声明title字段需要高亮，后面可以为这个字段设置特有配置，也可以空
结果：
{
"took": 12,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 1,
"max_score": 0.90204775,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "heima",
"_type": "goods",
"_id": "363hTW0BTp_XthqB2lMR",
"_score": 0.90204775,
"_source": {
"title": "小米电视4A",
"images": "http://image.leyou.com/12479122.jpg",
"price": 4288
},
"highlight": {
"title": [
"小米<font color='pink'>电视</font>4A"
]
}
}
]
}
}
分页
elasticsearch中实现分页的语法非常简单：
POST /heima/_search
{
"query": {
"match_all": {}
},
"size": 2,
"from": 0
}
size:每页显示多少条
from:当前页起始索引, int start = (pageNum - 1) * size;
小案例
制作测试数据
PUT /goods/fruit/1 { "name": "xiangjiao", "describe": "haochi tian", "price": 40, "producer": "feilvbin", "tags": [ "xiangjiao", "haochi" ] } PUT /goods/fruit/2 { "name":"pingguo", "describe":"cui", "price":60, "producer":"zhongguo", "tags":["haokan","xiang"] } PUT /goods/fruit/3 { "name":"lizi", "describe":"zide", "price":10, "producer":"zhongguo", "tags":["suan","tian"] } PUT /goods/fruit/4 { "name":"boluo", "describe":"getouda", "price":74, "producer":"malaxiya", "tags":["huang","youci"] } PUT /goods/fruit/5 { "name":"mihoutao", "describe":"suan", "price":45, "producer":"xinxilan", "tags":["lv","huang"] } PUT /goods/fruit/6 { "name":"xigua", "describe":"haochi", "price":109, "producer":"zhongguo", "tags":["da","haochi"] }