openpyxl 和 xlrd&xlwt 都能对excel进行读写，但是它们读写的格式不同，openpyxl 只能读写 xlsx格式的excel，xlrd&xlwt 只能读写 xls格式的excel。
创建excel文件
import openpyxl
# ====== 创建格式为xlsx的excel文件 ====== # 创建一个工作簿,若表格已存在，则覆盖 wb = openpyxl.Workbook() # 创建一个名为test的sheet wb.create_sheet('test') # 保存文件。注：创建表格会有两个sheet,按顺序名称分别为Sheet和test wb.save('test.xlsx') # 关闭工作薄 wb.close()
读写已有excel文件
import openpyxl
# ====== 打开已有的excel表格 ====== # 打开一个工作簿 wb = openpyxl.load_workbook('test.xlsx') # 选择一个sheet # sheet = wb["Sheet1"] # 通过表名选择 sheet = wb.worksheets[0] # 通过索引选择 # 关闭工作薄 wb.close()
对sheet进行读写
# coding:utf-8 import openpyxl # ====== 向sheet写入数据 ====== # 打开一个工作簿 wb = openpyxl.load_workbook('test.xlsx') # 选择一个sheet # sheet = wb["Sheet1"] # 通过表名选择 sheet = wb.worksheets[0] # 通过索引选择 # 获取行数 row = sheet.max_row # 获取列数 column = sheet.max_column print(row, column) # 写入数据 sheet.append(["aaa", "bbb", "ccc"]) # 在最后一行写入一行数据，列表中每一个数据表示每列写入的数据 sheet.append([1, 2, 3, 4]) # 读取数据 ce = sheet.cell(row=1, column=1) # 读取第1行，第1列的数据 print(ce.value) # 更新数据 ce.value = "ddd" # 更新第1行，第1列的数据为 ddd sheet.cell(3, 1, '') # 更新第3行第1列的数据为 空串 # 删除数据 # 从第2行开始删除，删除1行 sheet.delete_rows(2, amount=1) # 删除第3列 sheet.delete_cols(3) # 保存文件 wb.save('test.xlsx') # 关闭工作薄 wb.close()
简单封装
# coding:utf-8 import openpyxl import os class Workbook: workbook = None filename = None @classmethod def get_workbook(cls, filename, is_create=False): """ 获取工作簿，若文件存在则打开，若文件不存在则新建 """ cls.filename = filename is_file = os.path.exists(filename) if is_create: is_file = False if is_file: cls.workbook = openpyxl.load_workbook(filename) else: cls.workbook = openpyxl.Workbook() return cls() def sheet_by_name(self, sheet_name): """ 通过表的名称获取sheet对象 """ ws = WorkSheet(self.workbook) return ws.sheet_by_name(sheet_name) def sheet_by_index(self, index): """ 通过表的索引获取sheet对象 """ ws = WorkSheet(self.workbook) return ws.sheet_by_index(index) def save(self, filename=None): if filename is None: filename = self.filename self.workbook.save(filename) def close(self): self.workbook.close() class WorkSheet: def __init__(self, workbook): self.workbook = workbook self.sheet = None def sheet_by_name(self, name): """ 通过表的名称获取sheet对象 """ self.sheet = self.workbook[name] return self def sheet_by_index(self, index): """ 通过表的索引获取sheet对象 """ self.sheet = self.workbook.worksheets[index] return self def get_cell_value(self, row, column): """ 获取单元格的值 """ return self.sheet.cell(row, column).value def get_col_values(self, column): """ 获取指定列的所有值 """ col_values = [] rows = self.rows for row in range(rows): row += 1 v = self.get_cell_value(row, column) col_values.append(v) return col_values def get_row_values(self, row): """ 获取指定行的所有值 """ row_values = [] columns = self.columns for column in range(columns): column += 1 v = self.get_cell_value(row, column) row_values.append(v) return row_values def write_cell_value(self, row, column, value): """ 写入或更新单元格的值 """ return self.sheet.cell(row, column, value) def insert_row_values(self, values, row=None): """ 插入一行数据，默认插入最后一行 :param values: 插入的数据 :type values: list :param row: 行号 :type row: int """ if row is None: self.sheet.append(values) else: self.sheet.insert_rows(row) col = 1 for v in values: self.write_cell_value(row, col, v) col += 1 def insert_column_values(self, values, column=None): """ 插入一列数据，默认插入最后一列 """ if column is None: col = self.columns row = self.rows v = self.get_cell_value(1, 1) if col == 1 and row == 1 and v is None: column = 1 else: column = self.columns + 1 else: self.sheet.insert_cols(column) row = 1 for v in values: self.write_cell_value(row, column, v) row += 1 def delete_rows(self, row, amount=1): """ 删除行数, row表示删除起始行，amount表示删除的行数 """ self.sheet.delete_rows(row, amount) @property def rows(self): """ 表格的行数 """ return self.sheet.max_row @property def columns(self): """ 表格的列数 """ return self.sheet.max_column def del_wrap(values): """ 删除换行符 """ if isinstance(values, str): values = [values] new_values = [] for value in values: new_values.append(value.replace("\n", "")) return new_values if __name__ == '__main__': # 打开一个工作簿 filename = r'C:\Users\41850\Desktop\test.xlsx' wb = Workbook.get_workbook(filename) # 选择一个sheet sheet = wb.sheet_by_index(0) # 通过索引选择 RequireNum = [u"需求编号"] RequireNum_col_values = None TestModel = [u"测试项"] TestModel_col_values = None CaseName = [u"用例名称", u"TestSummary"] CaseName_col_values = None Step = [u"操作步骤", u"Action"] Step_col_values = None ExpectResult = [u"预期结果", u"Result"] ExpectResult_col_values = None # 获取各字段的值 fields = sheet.get_row_values(1) for field in fields: if field in RequireNum: RequireNum_col_num = fields.index(field) + 1 # 需求编号列号 RequireNum_col_values = sheet.get_col_values(RequireNum_col_num)[1:] RequireNum_col_values_new = [] t_value = None for value in RequireNum_col_values: if value is not None: RequireNum_col_values_new.append(value) t_value = value else: RequireNum_col_values_new.append(t_value) RequireNum_col_values = RequireNum_col_values_new elif field in TestModel: TestModel_col_num = fields.index(field) + 1 # 测试项列号 TestModel_col_values = sheet.get_col_values(TestModel_col_num)[1:] TestModel_col_values_new = [] t_value = None for value in TestModel_col_values: if value is not None: TestModel_col_values_new.append(value) t_value = value else: TestModel_col_values_new.append(t_value) TestModel_col_values = TestModel_col_values_new elif field in CaseName: CaseName_col_num = fields.index(field) + 1 # 用例名称列号 CaseName_col_values = sheet.get_col_values(CaseName_col_num)[1:] CaseName_col_values = del_wrap(CaseName_col_values) elif field in Step: Step_col_num = fields.index(field) + 1 # 操作步骤列号 Step_col_values = sheet.get_col_values(Step_col_num)[1:] Step_col_values = del_wrap(Step_col_values) elif field in ExpectResult: ExpectResult_col_num = fields.index(field) + 1 # 操作步骤列号 ExpectResult_col_values = sheet.get_col_values(ExpectResult_col_num)[1:] ExpectResult_col_values = del_wrap(ExpectResult_col_values) # 检查必要字段 if not all([CaseName_col_values, Step_col_values, ExpectResult_col_values]): raise ValueError("缺少必要字段名称，必要字段名称为：用例名称、操作步骤、预期结果") # 拼接用例编号和测试项 if RequireNum_col_values: TestModel_col_values_new = [] for RequireNum_col_value, TestModel_col_value in zip(RequireNum_col_values, TestModel_col_values): TestModel_col_values_new.append(u"【%s-%s】" % (RequireNum_col_value, TestModel_col_value)) TestModel_col_values = TestModel_col_values_new CaseName_col_values_new = [] # 拼接测试项和用例名称 for TestModel_col_value, CaseName_col_value in zip(TestModel_col_values, CaseName_col_values): CaseName_col_values_new.append(TestModel_col_value + CaseName_col_value) CaseName_col_values = CaseName_col_values_new # 拼接用例名称、操作步骤、预期结果 insert_values = [] insert_values.append("TCID;TestSummary;Action;Result") tcid = 1 for case_name, step, expect_result in zip(CaseName_col_values, Step_col_values, ExpectResult_col_values): v = "%s;%s;%s;%s" % (tcid, case_name, step, expect_result) insert_values.append(v) tcid += 1 # 将数据另存到新的文件 filename_path = filename.split('\\') new_filename = "new_" + filename_path[-1] filename_path.pop() filename_path.append(new_filename) new_filename_path = "\\".join(filename_path) new_wb = Workbook.get_workbook(new_filename_path, is_create=True) # 选择一个sheet sheet_new = wb.sheet_by_index(0) # 通过索引选择 # 写入新的数据 sheet_new.insert_column_values(insert_values) # 保存文件 new_wb.save(new_filename_path) # 关闭工作薄 wb.close() new_wb.close()