要在ASP.NET MVC站点上做excel导出功能，但是要导出的excel文件比较大，有几十M，所以导出比较费时，为了不影响对界面的其它操作，我就采用异步的方式，后台开辟一个线程将excel导出到指定目录，然后提供下载。导出的excel涉及到了多个sheet（工作簿），表格合并，格式设置等，所以采用了NPOI组件。
效果如下：
选中了多行，会导出多个工作簿sheet，一个汇总的，其他的就是明细数据。
下面是要几个封装好的类，从网上找的，然后修改了一下。这几个类很多方法都封装好了，十分利于复用。常见的excel格式都可以导出，如果有特别的需求，可以自己修改一下源码进行扩展。
GenerateSheet.cs
using NPOI.SS.UserModel; using NPOI.SS.Util; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Reflection; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; namespace Core.Excel { /// <summary> /// 导出Excel基类 /// </summary> public class GenerateSheet<T> : BaseGenerateSheet { #region 私有字段 // Excel 显示时间的样式 private ICellStyle dateStyle = null; // Excel 显示列头的样式 private ICellStyle headStyle = null; // Excel 显示内容的样式 private ICellStyle contentsStyle = null; // Excel 显示总计的样式 private ICellStyle totalStyle = null; // 列头集合 private List<ColumnsMapping> columnHeadList = null; // 显示的数据 private List<T> dataSource; private List<object> dataSource2; #endregion #region 属性 /// <summary> /// Excel 显示时间的样式 /// </summary> protected ICellStyle DateStyle { get { return dateStyle; } set { dateStyle = value; } } /// <summary> /// Excel 显示列头的样式 /// </summary> protected ICellStyle HeadStyle { get { return headStyle; } set { headStyle = value; } } /// <summary> /// Excel 显示内容的样式 /// </summary> protected ICellStyle ContentsStyle { get { return contentsStyle; } set { contentsStyle = value; } } /// <summary> /// Excel 显示总计的样式 /// </summary> protected ICellStyle TotalStyle { get { return totalStyle; } set { totalStyle = value; } } /// <summary> /// 是否有边框 只读 /// </summary> protected bool IsBorder { get; private set; } protected List<ColumnsMapping> ColumnHeadList { get { return this.columnHeadList; } private set { this.columnHeadList = value; } } #endregion #region 构造方法 /// <summary> /// 导出Excel基类 /// </summary> /// <param name="_dataSource">Sheet里面显示的数据</param> public GenerateSheet(List<T> _dataSource) : this(_dataSource, null, string.Empty, true) { } /// <summary> /// 导出Excel基类 /// </summary> /// <param name="_dataSource">Sheet里面显示的数据</param> public GenerateSheet(List<T> _dataSource, string sheetName) : this(_dataSource, null, sheetName, true) { } /// <summary> /// 导出Excel基类 /// </summary> /// <param name="_dataSource">Sheet里面显示的数据</param> public GenerateSheet(List<T> _dataSource, List<object> _dataSource2, string sheetName) : this(_dataSource, _dataSource2, sheetName, true) { } /// <summary> /// 导出Excel基类 /// </summary> /// <param name="_dataSource">Sheet里面显示的数据</param> /// <param name="isBorder">是否有边框</param> public GenerateSheet(List<T> _dataSource, bool isBorder) : this(_dataSource, null, string.Empty, isBorder) { } /// <summary> /// 导出Excel基类 /// </summary> /// <param name="_dataSource">Sheet里面显示的数据</param> /// <param name="isBorder">是否有边框</param> public GenerateSheet(List<T> _dataSource, List<object> _dataSource2, string sheetName, bool isBorder) { //if (_dataSource != null && _dataSource.Count > 0) this.dataSource = _dataSource; this.dataSource2 = _dataSource2; //else // throw new Exception("数据不能为空！"); this.IsBorder = isBorder; this.SheetName = sheetName; } #endregion #region 可以被重写的方法 /// <summary> /// 生成Excel的Sheet /// </summary> /// <param name="sheet"></param> public override void GenSheet(ISheet sheet) { this.SetSheetContents(sheet); } /// <summary> /// 初始化列头 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> protected virtual List<ColumnsMapping> InitializeColumnHeadData() { try { List<PropertyInfo> propertyList = this.GetObjectPropertyList(); List<ColumnsMapping> columnsList = new List<ColumnsMapping>(); int colIndex = 0; foreach (PropertyInfo propertyInfo in propertyList) { columnsList.Add(new ColumnsMapping() { ColumnsData = propertyInfo.Name, ColumnsText = propertyInfo.Name, ColumnsIndex = colIndex, IsTotal = false, Width = 15 }); colIndex++; } return columnsList; } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; } } /// <summary> /// 设置列头 /// </summary> /// <param name="sheet">Excel Sheet</param> /// <param name="rowIndex">记录Excel最大行的位置，最大值为65535</param> protected virtual void SetColumnHead(ISheet sheet, ref int rowIndex) { if (columnHeadList.Count > 0) { IRow headerRow = sheet.CreateRow(rowIndex); foreach (ColumnsMapping columns in columnHeadList) { ICell newCell = headerRow.CreateCell(columns.ColumnsIndex); newCell.SetCellValue(columns.ColumnsText); newCell.CellStyle = headStyle; //设置列宽 SetColumnsWidth(sheet, columns.ColumnsIndex, columns.Width); } rowIndex++; } } /// <summary> /// 设置Excel内容 /// </summary> /// <param name="sheet"></param> /// <param name="dataSource"></param> /// <param name="rowIndex"></param> protected virtual void SetSheetContents(ISheet sheet, List<T> dataSource, ref int rowIndex) { if (dataSource != null) { foreach (T value in dataSource) { #region 填充内容 IRow dataRow = sheet.CreateRow(rowIndex); int colIndex = 0; foreach (ColumnsMapping columns in columnHeadList) { if (columns.ColumnsIndex >= 0) { if (columns.ColumnsIndex >= colIndex) colIndex = columns.ColumnsIndex; else columns.ColumnsIndex = colIndex; ICell newCell = dataRow.CreateCell(colIndex); string drValue = string.Empty; if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(columns.ColumnsData)) drValue = GetModelValue(columns.ColumnsData, value); SetCellValue(newCell, rowIndex, drValue, columns); colIndex++; } } #endregion rowIndex++; } //rowIndex++; } } /// <summary> /// 设置单元格的数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="cell">单元格对像</param> /// <param name="rowIndex">单元格行索引</param> /// <param name="drValue">单元格数据</param> /// <param name="columns">单元格的列信息</param> protected virtual void SetCellValue(ICell cell, int rowIndex, string drValue, ColumnsMapping columns) { cell.CellStyle = contentsStyle; if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(columns.ColumnsData)) { PropertyInfo info = GetObjectProperty(columns.ColumnsData); switch (info.PropertyType.FullName) { case "System.String": //字符串类型 double result; if (IsNumeric(drValue, out result)) { double.TryParse(drValue, out result); cell.SetCellValue(result); break; } else { cell.SetCellValue(drValue); break; } case "System.DateTime": //日期类型 if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(drValue)||drValue=="0001/1/1 0:00:00") { cell.SetCellValue(""); } else { DateTime dateV; DateTime.TryParse(drValue, out dateV); cell.SetCellValue(dateV); cell.CellStyle = dateStyle; //格式化显示 } break; case "System.Boolean": //布尔型 bool boolV = false; bool.TryParse(drValue, out boolV); cell.SetCellValue(boolV); break; case "System.Int16": //整型 case "System.Int32": case "System.Int64": case "System.Byte": int intV = 0; int.TryParse(drValue, out intV); cell.SetCellValue(intV); break; case "System.Decimal": //浮点型 case "System.Double": double doubV = 0; double.TryParse(drValue, out doubV); cell.SetCellValue(doubV); break; case "System.DBNull": //空值处理 cell.SetCellValue(""); break; default: cell.SetCellValue(""); break; } } else { cell.SetCellValue(""); } } /// <summary> /// 设置总计单元格的数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="cell">总计单元格</param> /// <param name="rowIndex">当前行的索引</param> /// <param name="startRowIndex">内容数据的开始行</param> /// <param name="columns">当前列信息</param> protected virtual void SetTotalCellValue(ICell cell, int rowIndex, int startRowIndex, ColumnsMapping columns) { if (columns.IsTotal) { string colItem = CellReference.ConvertNumToColString(columns.ColumnsIndex); cell.CellStyle = totalStyle; cell.SetCellFormula(string.Format("SUM({0}{1}:{2}{3})", colItem, startRowIndex, colItem, rowIndex)); } } /// <summary> /// 在所有数据最后添加总计，当然也可以是其它的公式 /// </summary> /// <param name="sheet">工作薄Sheet</param> /// <param name="rowIndex">当前行</param> /// <param name="startRowIndex">内容开始行</param> protected virtual void SetTotal(ISheet sheet, ref int rowIndex, int startRowIndex) { if (rowIndex > startRowIndex) { IRow headerRow = sheet.CreateRow(rowIndex) as IRow; foreach (ColumnsMapping columns in columnHeadList) { ICell newCell = headerRow.CreateCell(columns.ColumnsIndex); SetTotalCellValue(newCell, rowIndex, startRowIndex, columns); } } } /// <summary> /// 数据源2 /// </summary> /// <param name="sheet">工作薄Sheet</param> /// <param name="rowIndex">当前行</param> protected virtual void SetToSecond(ISheet sheet, ref int rowIndex, List<object> dataSource2) { } #endregion #region 公共方法 /// <summary> /// 获取属性名字 /// </summary> /// <param name="expr"></param> /// <returns></returns> protected string GetPropertyName(Expression<Func<T, object>> expr) { var rtn = ""; if (expr.Body is UnaryExpression) { rtn = ((MemberExpression)((UnaryExpression)expr.Body).Operand).Member.Name; } else if (expr.Body is MemberExpression) { rtn = ((MemberExpression)expr.Body).Member.Name; } else if (expr.Body is ParameterExpression) { rtn = ((ParameterExpression)expr.Body).Type.Name; } return rtn; } protected void SetColumnsWidth(ISheet sheet, int colIndex, int width) { //设置列宽 sheet.SetColumnWidth(colIndex, width * 256); } #endregion #region 私有方法 private void SetSheetContents(ISheet sheet) { if (sheet != null) { // 初始化相关样式 this.InitializeCellStyle(); // 初始化列头的相关数据 this.columnHeadList = InitializeColumnHeadData(); // 当前行 int rowIndex = 0; // 设置列头 this.SetColumnHead(sheet, ref rowIndex); // 内容开始行 int startRowIndex = rowIndex; // 设置Excel内容 this.SetSheetContents(sheet, dataSource, ref rowIndex); // 在所有数据最后添加总计，当然也可以是其它的公式 if (dataSource.Count > 0) { this.SetTotal(sheet, ref rowIndex, startRowIndex); } this.SetToSecond(sheet, ref rowIndex, dataSource2); } } /// <summary> /// 初始化相关对像 /// </summary> private void InitializeCellStyle() { columnHeadList = new List<ColumnsMapping>(); // 初始化Excel 显示时间的样式 dateStyle = this.Workbook.CreateCellStyle(); IDataFormat format = this.Workbook.CreateDataFormat(); dateStyle.DataFormat = format.GetFormat("yyyy-mm-dd"); if (this.IsBorder) { //有边框 dateStyle.BorderBottom = BorderStyle.Thin; dateStyle.BorderLeft = BorderStyle.Thin; dateStyle.BorderRight = BorderStyle.Thin; dateStyle.BorderTop = BorderStyle.Thin; } // 初始化Excel 列头的样式 headStyle = this.Workbook.CreateCellStyle(); headStyle.Alignment = NPOI.SS.UserModel.HorizontalAlignment.Left;// 文本居左 IFont font = this.Workbook.CreateFont(); font.FontHeightInPoints = 12; // 字体大小 font.Boldweight = 700; // 字体加粗 headStyle.SetFont(font); if (this.IsBorder) { //有边框 headStyle.BorderBottom = BorderStyle.Thin; headStyle.BorderLeft = BorderStyle.Thin; headStyle.BorderRight = BorderStyle.Thin; headStyle.BorderTop = BorderStyle.Thin; } // 初始化Excel 显示内容的样式 contentsStyle = this.Workbook.CreateCellStyle(); font = this.Workbook.CreateFont(); font.FontHeightInPoints = 10; contentsStyle.SetFont(font); if (this.IsBorder) { //有边框 contentsStyle.BorderBottom = BorderStyle.Thin; contentsStyle.BorderLeft = BorderStyle.Thin; contentsStyle.BorderRight = BorderStyle.Thin; contentsStyle.BorderTop = BorderStyle.Thin; } // 初始化Excel 显示总计的样式 totalStyle = this.Workbook.CreateCellStyle(); font = this.Workbook.CreateFont(); font.Boldweight = 700; font.FontHeightInPoints = 10; totalStyle.SetFont(font); if (this.IsBorder) { //有边框 totalStyle.BorderBottom = BorderStyle.Thin; totalStyle.BorderLeft = BorderStyle.Thin; totalStyle.BorderRight = BorderStyle.Thin; totalStyle.BorderTop = BorderStyle.Thin; } } /// <summary> /// 获取 T 对像的所有属性 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> private List<PropertyInfo> GetObjectPropertyList() { List<PropertyInfo> result = new List<PropertyInfo>(); Type t = typeof(T); if (t != null) { PropertyInfo[] piList = t.GetProperties(); foreach (var pi in piList) { if (!pi.PropertyType.IsGenericType) { result.Add(pi); } } } return result; } /// <summary> /// 根据属性名字获取 T 对像的属性 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> private PropertyInfo GetObjectProperty(string propertyName) { Type t = typeof(T); PropertyInfo result = t.GetProperty(propertyName); return result; } /// <summary> /// 获取类中的属性值 /// </summary> /// <param name="FieldName"></param> /// <param name="obj"></param> /// <returns></returns> private string GetModelValue(string FieldName, object obj) { try { Type Ts = obj.GetType(); object o = Ts.GetProperty(FieldName).GetValue(obj, null); string Value = Convert.ToString(o); if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(Value)) return null; return Value; } catch { return null; } } /// <summary> /// 判断是否为一个数字并反回值 /// </summary> /// <param name="message"></param> /// <param name="result"></param> /// <returns></returns> private bool IsNumeric(String message, out double result) { if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(message)) { Regex rex = new Regex(@"^[-]?\d+[.]?\d*$"); result = -1; if (rex.IsMatch(message)) { result = double.Parse(message); return true; } else return false; } else { result = 0; return false; } } #endregion } }