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\'\'\'
柱状图、堆叠图
plt.plot(kind=\'bar/barh\') , plt.bar()
\'\'\'
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import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
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# 柱状图与堆叠图
fig,axes = plt.subplots(4,1,figsize = (10,10))
s = pd.Series(np.random.randint(0,10,16),index = list(\'abcdefghijklmnop\'))
df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(10,3), columns=[\'a\',\'b\',\'c\'])
s.plot(kind=\'bar\',ax = axes[0],color = \'k\',grid = True,alpha = 0.5) # ax参数 → 选择第几个子图
# 单系列柱状图方法一：plt.plot(kind=\'bar/barh\')
df.plot(kind=\'bar\',ax = axes[1],grid = True )
# 多系列柱状图
df.plot.bar(ax = axes[2],grid = True ,stacked=True)
# df.plot(kind=\'bar\',ax = axes[2],grid = True ,stacked=True)
# 多系列堆叠图
# stacked → 堆叠
df.plot.barh(ax = axes[3],grid = True,stacked=True,colormap = \'BuGn_r\')
# 新版本plt.plot.<kind>
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# 柱状图 plt.bar()
plt.figure(figsize=(10,4))
x = np.arange(10)
y1 = np.random.rand(10)
y2 = -np.random.rand(10)
plt.bar(x,y1,width = 1,facecolor = \'yellowgreen\',edgecolor = \'white\',yerr = y1*0.1)
plt.bar(x,y2,width = 1,facecolor = \'lightskyblue\',edgecolor = \'white\',yerr = y2*0.1)
# x,y参数：x，y值
# width：宽度比例
# facecolor柱状图里填充的颜色、edgecolor是边框的颜色
# left-每个柱x轴左边界,bottom-每个柱y轴下边界 → bottom扩展即可化为甘特图 Gantt Chart
# align：决定整个bar图分布，默认left表示默认从左边界开始绘制,center会将图绘制在中间位置
# xerr/yerr ：wx/y方向error bar
for i,j in zip(x,y1):
plt.text(i-0.2,j-0.15,\'%.2f\' % j, color = \'white\')
for i,j in zip(x,y2):
plt.text(i-0.2,j-0.15,\'%.2f\' % -j, color = \'black\')
# 给图添加text
# zip() 函数用于将可迭代的对象作为参数，将对象中对应的元素打包成一个个元组，然后返回由这些元组组成的列表。
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# 外嵌图表plt.table()
# table(cellText=None, cellColours=None,cellLoc=\'right\', colWidths=None,rowLabels=None, rowColours=None, rowLoc=\'left\',
# colLabels=None, colColours=None, colLoc=\'center\',loc=\'bottom\', bbox=None)
data = [[ 66386, 174296, 75131, 577908, 32015],
[ 58230, 381139, 78045, 99308, 160454],
[ 89135, 80552, 152558, 497981, 603535],
[ 78415, 81858, 150656, 193263, 69638],
[139361, 331509, 343164, 781380, 52269]]
columns = (\'Freeze\', \'Wind\', \'Flood\', \'Quake\', \'Hail\')
rows = [\'%d year\' % x for x in (100, 50, 20, 10, 5)]
df = pd.DataFrame(data,
columns = (\'Freeze\', \'Wind\', \'Flood\', \'Quake\', \'Hail\'),
index = [\'%d year\' % x for x in (100, 50, 20, 10, 5)]
)
print(df)
df.plot(kind=\'bar\',grid = True,colormap=\'Blues_r\',stacked=True,figsize=(8,3))
# 创建堆叠图
plt.table(cellText = data,
cellLoc=\'center\',
cellColours = None,
rowLabels = rows,
rowColours = plt.cm.BuPu(np.linspace(0, 0.5,5))[::-1], # BuPu可替换成其他colormap
colLabels = columns,
colColours = plt.cm.Reds(np.linspace(0, 0.5,5))[::-1],
rowLoc=\'right\',
loc=\'bottom\')
# cellText：表格文本
# cellLoc：cell内文本对齐位置
# rowLabels：行标签
# colLabels：列标签
# rowLoc：行标签对齐位置
# loc：表格位置 → left，right，top，bottom
plt.xticks([])
# 不显示x轴标注
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