基于django快速开发一个网站(一）

* 创建虚拟环境、基于虚拟环境创建django==2.0.0和图片加载库和mysql数据库驱动

1. 创建目录并创建虚拟环境

╰$ mkdir Cornucopiavirtualenv
╰$ cd Cornucopiavirtualenv
╰$ virtualenv env1

2. 进入bin目录，并激活虚拟环境

╰$ cd bin
╰$ source activate

3. 进入环境、创建django和Pillow、PyMySQL

╰$ pip install django==2.0.0
╰$ pip install pillow
╰$ pip install pymysql
或者也可以
╰$ pip install pymysql pillow django==2.0.0

4. 创建Cornucopia的项目并设置book模块，并设置中文和中国上海的时区

╰$ django-admin startproject Cornucopia
╰$ python3 manage.py startapp book

4-1. 设置中文和中国上海的时区（在settings.py中修改）

LANGUAGE_CODE = \'zh-hans\'
TIME_ZONE = \'Asia/Shanghai\'

5. 创建model模型数据

class User(models.Model):
    nickname = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=True)
    email = models.EmailField(\'email address\', blank=True, unique=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.nickname


class Category(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(\'分类名称\', max_length=128)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = \'书籍分类\'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class Tag(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(\'标签\', max_length=128)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = \'书籍标签\'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class Entry(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(\'文章标题\', max_length=128)
    author = models.ForeignKey(User, verbose_name=\'作者\', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    book_imge = models.ImageField(upload_to=\'blog_img\', null=True, blank=True, verbose_name=\'书籍配图\')
    # body = models.TextField(\'正文\', )
    body = MDTextField()
    # abstract = models.TextField(\'摘要\', max_length=256, null=True, blank=True)
    abstract = MDTextField()
    visiting = models.PositiveIntegerField(\'访问量\', default=0)
    category = models.ManyToManyField(\'Category\', verbose_name=\'博客分类\')
    tags = models.ManyToManyField(\'Tag\', verbose_name=\'标签\')
    created_time = models.DateTimeField(\'创建时间\', auto_now_add=True)
    modifyed_time = models.DateTimeField(\'修改时间\', auto_now=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

    class Meta:
        ordering = [\'-created_time\']
        verbose_name = \'    书籍正文\'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

6. 设置数据库链接方式在settings.py中修改

import pymysql

pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

DATABASES = {
    \'default\': {
        \'ENGINE\': \'django.db.backends.mysql\',
        \'NAME\': \'books\',  # 数据库名字
        \'USER\': \'root\',  # 账号
        \'PASSWORD\': \'\',  # 密码
        \'HOST\': \'localhost\',  # IP
        \'PORT\': \'3306\',  # 端口
    }
    # \'default\': {
    #     \'ENGINE\': \'django.db.backends.sqlite3\',
    #     \'NAME\': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, \'db.sqlite3\'),
    # }
}

7. 将新的模块book加入系统中

# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    \'django.contrib.admin\',
    \'django.contrib.auth\',
    \'django.contrib.contenttypes\',
    \'django.contrib.sessions\',
    \'django.contrib.messages\',
    \'django.contrib.staticfiles\',
    \'book\',
]

8. 迁移数据、到数据库

╰$ python3 manage.py makemigrations
╰$ python3 manage.py migrate

9. 创建超级管理员，根据提示一步一步来

╰$ python3 manage.py createsuperuser

10. 在urls.py中进行路由配置

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.contrib import admin

urlpatterns = [
    url(r\'admin/\', admin.site.urls),
    url(r\'^\', include(\'book.urls\')),
]

11. 在book模块中，创建urls.py配置路由

from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views

app_name = \'book\'
urlpatterns = [
    url(r\'^$\', views.index, name=\'book_index\'),
    url(r\'^(?P<blog_id>[0-9]+)\', views.detail, name=\'book_detail\'),
]

12. 配置前端页面在Cornucopia/book下创建templates/book，两个目录，在settings.py配置templates路径

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        \'BACKEND\': \'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates\',
        \'DIRS\': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, \'templates\')],
        \'APP_DIRS\': True,
        \'OPTIONS\': {
            \'context_processors\': [
                \'django.template.context_processors.debug\',
                \'django.template.context_processors.request\',
                \'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth\',
                \'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages\',
            ],
        },
    },
]

13. 创建index.html和detail.html

14.配置静态文件目录在Cornucopia/book下创建static/css，两个目录，在settings.py配置templates路径

STATIC_URL = \'/static/\'
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, \'static\').replace(\'\\\', \'/\'),
]

15.admin.py配置后台现在内容

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models

class EntryAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = [\'title\',\'author\',\'visiting\',\'created_time\',\'modifyed_time\']

admin.site.register(models.Category)
admin.site.register(models.Tag)
admin.site.register(models.Entry,EntryAdmin)

16.启动程序、登入后台

╰$ python3 manage.py runserver 127.0.0.1:8001