简介
Python标准库中提供了：urllib、urllib2、httplib等模块以供Http请求，但是，它的 API 太渣了。它是为另一个时代、另一个互联网所创建的。它需要巨量的工作，甚至包括各种方法覆盖，来完成最简单的任务。
Requests 是使用 Apache2 Licensed 许可证的 基于Python开发的HTTP 库，其在Python内置模块的基础上进行了高度的封装，从而使得Pythoner进行网络请求时，变得美好了许多，使用Requests可以轻而易举的完成浏览器可有的任何操作。
请求的方法
1、GET请求
# 1、无参数实例
import requests
ret = requests.get(\'https://github.com/timeline.json\')
print ret.url
print ret.text
# 2、有参数实例
import requests
payload = {\'key1\': \'value1\', \'key2\': \'value2\'}
ret = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get", params=payload)
print ret.url
print ret.text
2、POST请求
# 1、基本POST实例
import requests
payload = {\'key1\': \'value1\', \'key2\': \'value2\'}
ret = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data=payload)
print ret.text
# 2、发送请求头和数据实例
import requests
import json
url = \'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint\'
payload = {\'some\': \'data\'}
headers = {\'content-type\': \'application/json\'}
ret = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload), headers=headers)
print ret.text
print ret.cookies
3、其他请求
requests.get(url, params=None, **kwargs) requests.post(url, data=None, json=None, **kwargs) requests.put(url, data=None, **kwargs) requests.head(url, **kwargs) requests.delete(url, **kwargs) requests.patch(url, data=None, **kwargs) requests.options(url, **kwargs) # 以上方法均是在此方法的基础上构建 requests.request(method, url, **kwargs)
请求的参数
常见参数
1 url
2 headers
3 cookies
4 params
5 data，传请求体
requests.post(
...,
data={\'user\':\'alex\',\'pwd\':\'123\'}
)
GET /index http1.1\r\nhost:c1.com\r\n\r\nuser=alex&pwd=123
6 json，传请求体
requests.post(
...,
json={\'user\':\'alex\',\'pwd\':\'123\'}
)
GET /index http1.1\r\nhost:c1.com\r\nContent-Type:application/json\r\n\r\n{"user":"alex","pwd":123}
7 代理 proxies
# 无验证
proxie_dict = {
"http": "61.172.249.96:80",
"https": "http://61.185.219.126:3128",
}
ret = requests.get("https://www.proxy360.cn/Proxy", proxies=proxie_dict)
# 验证代理
from requests.auth import HTTPProxyAuth
proxyDict = {
\'http\': \'77.75.105.165\',
\'https\': \'77.75.106.165\'
}
auth = HTTPProxyAuth(\'用户名\', \'密码\')
r = requests.get("http://www.google.com",data={\'xxx\':\'ffff\'} proxies=proxyDict, auth=auth)
print(r.text)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8 文件上传 files
# 发送文件
file_dict = {
\'f1\': open(\'xxxx.log\', \'rb\')
}
requests.request(
method=\'POST\',
url=\'http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/\',
files=file_dict
)
9 认证 auth
内部：
用户名和密码，用户和密码加密，放在请求头中传给后台。
- "用户:密码"
- base64("用户:密码")
- "Basic base64("用户|密码")"
- 请求头：
Authorization： "basic base64("用户|密码")"
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth, HTTPDigestAuth
ret = requests.get(\'https://api.github.com/user\', auth=HTTPBasicAuth(\'wupeiqi\', \'sdfasdfasdf\'))
print(ret.text)
10 超时 timeout
# ret = requests.get(\'http://google.com/\', timeout=1)
# print(ret)
# ret = requests.get(\'http://google.com/\', timeout=(5, 1))
# print(ret)
11 允许重定向 allow_redirects
ret = requests.get(\'http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/\', allow_redirects=False)
print(ret.text)
12 大文件下载 stream
from contextlib import closing
with closing(requests.get(\'http://httpbin.org/get\', stream=True)) as r1:
# 在此处理响应。
for i in r1.iter_content():
print(i)
13 证书 cert
- 百度、腾讯 => 不用携带证书（系统帮你做了）
- 自定义证书
requests.get(\'http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/\', cert="xxxx/xxx/xxx.pem")
requests.get(\'http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/\', cert=("xxxx/xxx/xxx.pem","xxx.xxx.xx.key"))
14 确认 verify =False
更多参数
def request(method, url, **kwargs): """Constructs and sends a :class:`Request <Request>`. :param method: method for the new :class:`Request` object. :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object. :param params: (optional) Dictionary or bytes to be sent in the query string for the :class:`Request`. :param data: (optional) Dictionary, bytes, or file-like object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`. :param json: (optional) json data to send in the body of the :class:`Request`. :param headers: (optional) Dictionary of HTTP Headers to send with the :class:`Request`. :param cookies: (optional) Dict or CookieJar object to send with the :class:`Request`. :param files: (optional) Dictionary of ``\'name\': file-like-objects`` (or ``{\'name\': file-tuple}``) for multipart encoding upload. ``file-tuple`` can be a 2-tuple ``(\'filename\', fileobj)``, 3-tuple ``(\'filename\', fileobj, \'content_type\')`` or a 4-tuple ``(\'filename\', fileobj, \'content_type\', custom_headers)``, where ``\'content-type\'`` is a string defining the content type of the given file and ``custom_headers`` a dict-like object containing additional headers to add for the file. :param auth: (optional) Auth tuple to enable Basic/Digest/Custom HTTP Auth. :param timeout: (optional) How long to wait for the server to send data before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout, read timeout) <timeouts>` tuple. :type timeout: float or tuple :param allow_redirects: (optional) Boolean. Set to True if POST/PUT/DELETE redirect following is allowed. :type allow_redirects: bool :param proxies: (optional) Dictionary mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy. :param verify: (optional) whether the SSL cert will be verified. A CA_BUNDLE path can also be provided. Defaults to ``True``. :param stream: (optional) if ``False``, the response content will be immediately downloaded. :param cert: (optional) if String, path to ssl client cert file (.pem). If Tuple, (\'cert\', \'key\') pair. :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object :rtype: requests.Response Usage:: >>> import requests >>> req = requests.request(\'GET\', \'http://httpbin.org/get\') <Response [200]> """
def param_method_url(): # requests.request(method=\'get\', url=\'http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/\') # requests.request(method=\'post\', url=\'http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/\') pass def param_param(): # - 可以是字典 # - 可以是字符串 # - 可以是字节（ascii编码以内） # requests.request(method=\'get\', # url=\'http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/\', # params={\'k1\': \'v1\', \'k2\': \'水电费\'}) # requests.request(method=\'get\', # url=\'http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/\', # params="k1=v1&k2=水电费&k3=v3&k3=vv3") # requests.request(method=\'get\', # url=\'http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/\', # params=bytes("k1=v1&k2=k2&k3=v3&k3=vv3", encoding=\'utf8\')) # 错误 # requests.request(method=\'get\', # url=\'http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/\', # params=bytes("k1=v1&k2=水电费&k3=v3&k3=vv3", encoding=\'utf8\')) pass def param_data(): # 可以是字典 # 可以是字符串 # 可以是字节 # 可以是文件对象 # requests.request(method=\'POST\', # url=\'http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/\', # data={\'k1\': \'v1\', \'k2\': \'水电费\'}) # requests.request(method=\'POST\', # url=\'http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/\', # data="k1=v1; k2=v2; k3=v3; k3=v4" # ) # requests.request(method=\'POST\', # url=\'http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/\', # data="k1=v1;k2=v2;k3=v3;k3=v4", # headers={\'Content-Type\': \'application/x-www-form-urlencoded\'} # ) # requests.request(method=\'POST\', # url=\'http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/\', # data=open(\'data_file.py\', mode=\'r\', encoding=\'utf-8\'), # 文件内容是：k1=v1;k2=v2;k3=v3;k3=v4 # headers={\'Content-Type\': \'application/x-www-form-urlencoded\'} # ) pass def param_json(): # 将json中对应的数据进行序列化成一个字符串，json.dumps(...) # 然后发送到服务器端的body中，并且Content-Type是 {\'Content-Type\': \'application/json\'} requests.request(method=\'POST\', url=\'http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/\', json={\'k1\': \'v1\', \'k2\': \'水电费\'}) def param_headers(): # 发送请求头到服务器端 requests.request(method=\'POST\', url=\'http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/\', json={\'k1\': \'v1\', \'k2\': \'水电费\'}, headers={\'Content-Type\': \'application/x-www-form-urlencoded\'} ) def param_cookies(): # 发送Cookie到服务器端 requests.request(method=\'POST\', url=\'http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/\', data={\'k1\': \'v1\', \'k2\': \'v2\'}, cookies={\'cook1\': \'value1\'}, ) # 也可以使用CookieJar（字典形式就是在此基础上封装） from http.cookiejar import CookieJar from http.cookiejar import Cookie obj = CookieJar() obj.set_cookie(Cookie(version=0, name=\'c1\', value=\'v1\', port=None, domain=\'\', path=\'/\', secure=False, expires=None, discard=True, comment=None, comment_url=None, rest={\'HttpOnly\': None}, rfc2109=False, port_specified=False, domain_specified=False, domain_initial_dot=False, path_specified=False) ) requests.request(method=\'POST\', url=\'http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/\', data={\'k1\': \'v1\', \'k2\': \'v2\'}, cookies=obj) def param_files(): # 发送文件 # file_dict = { # \'f1\': open(\'readme\', \'rb\') # } # requests.request(method=\'POST\', # url=\'http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/\', # files=file_dict) # 发送文件，定制文件名 # file_dict = { # \'f1\': (\'test.txt\', open(\'readme\', \'rb\')) # } # requests.request(method=\'POST\', # url=\'http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/\', # files=file_dict) # 发送文件，定制文件名 # file_dict = { # \'f1\': (\'test.txt\', "hahsfaksfa9kasdjflaksdjf") # } # requests.request(method=\'POST\', # url=\'http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/\', # files=file_dict) # 发送文件，定制文件名 # file_dict = { # \'f1\': (\'test.txt\', "hahsfaksfa9kasdjflaksdjf", \'application/text\', {\'k1\': \'0\'}) # } # requests.request(method=\'POST\', # url=\'http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/\', # files=file_dict) pass def param_auth(): from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth, HTTPDigestAuth ret = requests.get(\'https://api.github.com/user\', auth=HTTPBasicAuth(\'wupeiqi\', \'sdfasdfasdf\')) print(ret.text) # ret = requests.get(\'http://192.168.1.1\', # auth=HTTPBasicAuth(\'admin\', \'admin\')) # ret.encoding = \'gbk\' # print(ret.text) # ret = requests.get(\'http://httpbin.org/digest-auth/auth/user/pass\', auth=HTTPDigestAuth(\'user\', \'pass\')) # print(ret) # def param_timeout(): # ret = requests.get(\'http://google.com/\', timeout=1) # print(ret) # ret = requests.get(\'http://google.com/\', timeout=(5, 1)) # print(ret) pass def param_allow_redirects(): ret = requests.get(\'http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/\', allow_redirects=False) print(ret.text) def param_proxies(): # proxies = { # "http": "61.172.249.96:80", # "https": "http://61.185.219.126:3128", # } # proxies = {\'http://10.20.1.128\': \'http://10.10.1.10:5323\'} # ret = requests.get("http://www.proxy360.cn/Proxy", proxies=proxies) # print(ret.headers) # from requests.auth import HTTPProxyAuth # # proxyDict = { # \'http\': \'77.75.105.165\', # \'https\': \'77.75.105.165\' # } # auth = HTTPProxyAuth(\'username\', \'mypassword\') # # r = requests.get("http://www.google.com", proxies=proxyDict, auth=auth) # print(r.text) pass def param_stream(): ret = requests.get(\'http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/\', stream=True) print(ret.content) ret.close() # from contextlib import closing # with closing(requests.get(\'http://httpbin.org/get\', stream=True)) as r: # # 在此处理响应。 # for i in r.iter_content(): # print(i) def requests_session(): import requests session = requests.Session() ### 1、首先登陆任何页面，获取cookie i1 = session.get(url="http://dig.chouti.com/help/service") ### 2、用户登陆，携带上一次的cookie，后台对cookie中的 gpsd 进行授权 i2 = session.post( url="http://dig.chouti.com/login", data={ \'phone\': "8615131255089", \'password\': "xxxxxx", \'oneMonth\': "" } ) i3 = session.post( url="http://dig.chouti.com/link/vote?linksId=8589623", ) print(i3.text)
官方文档：http://cn.python-requests.org/zh_CN/latest/user/quickstart.html#id4
BeautifulSoup
BeautifulSoup是一个模块，该模块用于接收一个HTML或XML字符串，然后将其进行格式化，之后遍可以使用他提供的方法进行快速查找指定元素，从而使得在HTML或XML中查找指定元素变得简单。
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html_doc = """
<html><head><title>The Dormouse\'s story</title></head>
<body>
asdf
<div class="title">
<b>The Dormouse\'s story总共</b>
<h1>f</h1>
</div>
<div class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a class="sister0" id="link1">Els<span>f</span>ie</a>,
<a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.</div>
ad<br/>sf
<p class="story">...</p>
</body>
</html>
"""
soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, features="lxml")
# 找到第一个a标签
tag1 = soup.find(name=\'a\')
# 找到所有的a标签
tag2 = soup.find_all(name=\'a\')
# 找到id＝link2的标签
tag3 = soup.select(\'#link2\')
安装：
pip3 install beautifulsoup4
使用示例：
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html_doc = """
<html><head><title>The Dormouse\'s story</title></head>
<body>
...
</body>
</html>
"""
soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, features="lxml")
1. name，标签名称
# tag = soup.find(\'a\') # name = tag.name # 获取 # print(name) # tag.name = \'span\' # 设置 # print(soup)
2. attr，标签属性
# tag = soup.find(\'a\')
# attrs = tag.attrs # 获取
# print(attrs)
# tag.attrs = {\'ik\':123} # 设置
# tag.attrs[\'id\'] = \'iiiii\' # 设置
# print(soup)
3. children,所有子标签
# body = soup.find(\'body\') # v = body.children
4. children,所有子子孙孙标签
# body = soup.find(\'body\') # v = body.descendants
5. clear,将标签的所有子标签全部清空（保留标签名）
# tag = soup.find(\'body\') # tag.clear() # print(soup)
6. decompose,递归的删除所有的标签
# body = soup.find(\'body\') # body.decompose() # print(soup)
7. extract,递归的删除所有的标签，并获取删除的标签
# body = soup.find(\'body\') # v = body.extract() # print(soup)
8. decode,转换为字符串（含当前标签）；decode_contents（不含当前标签）
# body = soup.find(\'body\') # v = body.decode() # v = body.decode_contents() # print(v)
9. encode,转换为字节（含当前标签）；encode_contents（不含当前标签）
# body = soup.find(\'body\') # v = body.encode() # v = body.encode_contents() # print(v)
10. find,获取匹配的第一个标签
# tag = soup.find(\'a\')
# print(tag)
# tag = soup.find(name=\'a\', attrs={\'class\': \'sister\'}, recursive=True, text=\'Lacie\')
# tag = soup.find(name=\'a\', class_=\'sister\', recursive=True, text=\'Lacie\')
# print(tag)
11. find_all,获取匹配的所有标签
# tags = soup.find_all(\'a\')
# print(tags)
# tags = soup.find_all(\'a\',limit=1)
# print(tags)
# tags = soup.find_all(name=\'a\', attrs={\'class\': \'sister\'}, recursive=True, text=\'Lacie\')
# # tags = soup.find(name=\'a\', class_=\'sister\', recursive=True, text=\'Lacie\')
# print(tags)
# ####### 列表 #######
# v = soup.find_all(name=[\'a\',\'div\'])
# print(v)
# v = soup.find_all(class_=[\'sister0\', \'sister\'])
# print(v)
# v = soup.find_all(text=[\'Tillie\'])
# print(v, type(v[0]))
# v = soup.find_all(id=[\'link1\',\'link2\'])
# print(v)
# v = soup.find_all(href=[\'link1\',\'link2\'])
# print(v)
# ####### 正则 #######
import re
# rep = re.compile(\'p\')
# rep = re.compile(\'^p\')
# v = soup.find_all(name=rep)
# print(v)
# rep = re.compile(\'sister.*\')
# v = soup.find_all(class_=rep)
# print(v)
# rep = re.compile(\'http://www.oldboy.com/static/.*\')
# v = soup.find_all(href=rep)
# print(v)
# ####### 方法筛选 #######
# def func(tag):
# return tag.has_attr(\'class\') and tag.has_attr(\'id\')
# v = soup.find_all(name=func)
# print(v)
# ## get,获取标签属性
# tag = soup.find(\'a\')
# v = tag.get(\'id\')
# print(v)
12. has_attr,检查标签是否具有该属性
# tag = soup.find(\'a\') # v = tag.has_attr(\'id\') # print(v)
13. get_text,获取标签内部文本内容
# tag = soup.find(\'a\') # v = tag.get_text(\'id\') # print(v)
14. index,检查标签在某标签中的索引位置
# tag = soup.find(\'body\') # v = tag.index(tag.find(\'div\')) # print(v) # tag = soup.find(\'body\') # for i,v in enumerate(tag): # print(i,v)
15. is_empty_element,是否是空标签(是否可以是空)或者自闭合标签，
判断是否是如下标签：\'br\' , \'hr\', \'input\', \'img\', \'meta\',\'spacer\', \'link\', \'frame\', \'base\'
# tag = soup.find(\'br\') # v = tag.is_empty_element # print(v)
16. 当前的关联标签
# soup.next # soup.next_element # soup.next_elements # soup.next_sibling # soup.next_siblings # # tag.previous # tag.previous_element # tag.previous_elements # tag.previous_sibling # tag.previous_siblings # # tag.parent # tag.parents
17. 查找某标签的关联标签
# tag.find_next(...) # tag.find_all_next(...) # tag.find_next_sibling(...) # tag.find_next_siblings(...) # tag.find_previous(...) # tag.find_all_previous(...) # tag.find_previous_sibling(...) # tag.find_previous_siblings(...) # tag.find_parent(...) # tag.find_parents(...) # 参数同find_all
18. select,select_one, CSS选择器
soup.select("title")
soup.select("p nth-of-type(3)")
soup.select("body a")
soup.select("html head title")
tag = soup.select("span,a")
soup.select("head > title")
soup.select("p > a")
soup.select("p > a:nth-of-type(2)")
soup.select("p > #link1")
soup.select("body > a")
soup.select("#link1 ~ .sister")
soup.select("#link1 + .sister")
soup.select(".sister")
soup.select("[class~=sister]")
soup.select("#link1")
soup.select("a#link2")
soup.select(\'a[href]\')
soup.select(\'a[href="http://example.com/elsie"]\')
soup.select(\'a[href^="http://example.com/"]\')
soup.select(\'a[href$="tillie"]\')
soup.select(\'a[href*=".com/el"]\')
from bs4.element import Tag
def default_candidate_generator(tag):
for child in tag.descendants:
if not isinstance(child, Tag):
continue
if not child.has_attr(\'href\'):
continue
yield child
tags = soup.find(\'body\').select("a", _candidate_generator=default_candidate_generator)
print(type(tags), tags)
from bs4.element import Tag
def default_candidate_generator(tag):
for child in tag.descendants:
if not isinstance(child, Tag):
continue
if not child.has_attr(\'href\'):
continue
yield child
tags = soup.find(\'body\').select("a", _candidate_generator=default_candidate_generator, limit=1)
print(type(tags), tags)
19. 标签的内容
# tag = soup.find(\'span\') # print(tag.string) # 获取 # tag.string = \'new content\' # 设置 # print(soup) # tag = soup.find(\'body\') # print(tag.string) # tag.string = \'xxx\' # print(soup) # tag = soup.find(\'body\') # v = tag.stripped_strings # 递归内部获取所有标签的文本 # print(v)
20.append在当前标签内部追加一个标签
# tag = soup.find(\'body\')
# tag.append(soup.find(\'a\'))
# print(soup)
#
# from bs4.element import Tag
# obj = Tag(name=\'i\',attrs={\'id\': \'it\'})
# obj.string = \'我是一个新来的\'
# tag = soup.find(\'body\')
# tag.append(obj)
# print(soup)
21.insert在当前标签内部指定位置插入一个标签
# from bs4.element import Tag
# obj = Tag(name=\'i\', attrs={\'id\': \'it\'})
# obj.string = \'我是一个新来的\'
# tag = soup.find(\'body\')
# tag.insert(2, obj)
# print(soup)
22. insert_after,insert_before 在当前标签后面或前面插入
# from bs4.element import Tag
# obj = Tag(name=\'i\', attrs={\'id\': \'it\'})
# obj.string = \'我是一个新来的\'
# tag = soup.find(\'body\')
# # tag.insert_before(obj)
# tag.insert_after(obj)
# print(soup)
23. replace_with 在当前标签替换为指定标签
# from bs4.element import Tag
# obj = Tag(name=\'i\', attrs={\'id\': \'it\'})
# obj.string = \'我是一个新来的\'
# tag = soup.find(\'div\')
# tag.replace_with(obj)
# print(soup)
24. 创建标签之间的关系
# tag = soup.find(\'div\') # a = soup.find(\'a\') # tag.setup(previous_sibling=a) # print(tag.previous_sibling)
25. wrap，将指定标签把当前标签包裹起来
# from bs4.element import Tag
# obj1 = Tag(name=\'div\', attrs={\'id\': \'it\'})
# obj1.string = \'我是一个新来的\'
#
# tag = soup.find(\'a\')
# v = tag.wrap(obj1)
# print(soup)
# tag = soup.find(\'a\')
# v = tag.wrap(soup.find(\'p\'))
# print(soup)
26. unwrap，去掉当前标签，将保留其包裹的标签
# tag = soup.find(\'a\') # v = tag.unwrap() # print(soup)
更多参数官方：http://beautifulsoup.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/v4.4.0/
一大波"自动登陆"示例
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import requests # ############## 方式一 ############## """ # ## 1、首先登陆任何页面，获取cookie i1 = requests.get(url="http://dig.chouti.com/help/service") i1_cookies = i1.cookies.get_dict() # ## 2、用户登陆，携带上一次的cookie，后台对cookie中的 gpsd 进行授权 i2 = requests.post( url="http://dig.chouti.com/login", data={ \'phone\': "8615131255089", \'password\': "xxooxxoo", \'oneMonth\': "" }, cookies=i1_cookies ) # ## 3、点赞（只需要携带已经被授权的gpsd即可） gpsd = i1_cookies[\'gpsd\'] i3 = requests.post( url="http://dig.chouti.com/link/vote?linksId=8589523", cookies={\'gpsd\': gpsd} ) print(i3.text) """ # ############## 方式二 ############## """ import requests session = requests.Session() i1 = session.get(url="http://dig.chouti.com/help/service") i2 = session.post( url="http://dig.chouti.com/login", data={ \'phone\': "8615131255089", \'password\': "xxooxxoo", \'oneMonth\': "" } ) i3 = session.post( url="http://dig.chouti.com/link/vote?linksId=8589523" ) print(i3.text) """
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import requests from bs4 import BeautifulSoup # ############## 方式一 ############## # # # 1. 访问登陆页面，获取 authenticity_token # i1 = requests.get(\'https://github.com/login\') # soup1 = BeautifulSoup(i1.text, features=\'lxml\') # tag = soup1.find(name=\'input\', attrs={\'name\': \'authenticity_token\'}) # authenticity_token = tag.get(\'value\') # c1 = i1.cookies.get_dict() # i1.close() # # # 1. 携带authenticity_token和用户名密码等信息，发送用户验证 # form_data = { # "authenticity_token": authenticity_token, # "utf8": "", # "commit": "Sign in", # "login": "wupeiqi@live.com", # \'password\': \'xxoo\' # } # # i2 = requests.post(\'https://github.com/session\', data=form_data, cookies=c1) # c2 = i2.cookies.get_dict() # c1.update(c2) # i3 = requests.get(\'https://github.com/settings/repositories\', cookies=c1) # # soup3 = BeautifulSoup(i3.text, features=\'lxml\') # list_group = soup3.find(name=\'div\', class_=\'listgroup\') # # from bs4.element import Tag # # for child in list_group.children: # if isinstance(child, Tag): # project_tag = child.find(name=\'a\', class_=\'mr-1\') # size_tag = child.find(name=\'small\') # temp = "项目:%s(%s); 项目路径:%s" % (project_tag.get(\'href\'), size_tag.string, project_tag.string, ) # print(temp) # ############## 方式二 ############## # session = requests.Session() # # 1. 访问登陆页面，获取 authenticity_token # i1 = session.get(\'https://github.com/login\') # soup1 = BeautifulSoup(i1.text, features=\'lxml\') # tag = soup1.find(name=\'input\', attrs={\'name\': \'authenticity_token\'}) # authenticity_token = tag.get(\'value\') # c1 = i1.cookies.get_dict() # i1.close() # # # 1. 携带authenticity_token和用户名密码等信息，发送用户验证 # form_data = { # "authenticity_token": authenticity_token, # "utf8": "", # "commit": "Sign in", # "login": "wupeiqi@live.com", # \'password\': \'xxoo\' # } # # i2 = session.post(\'https://github.com/session\', data=form_data) # c2 = i2.cookies.get_dict() # c1.update(c2) # i3 = session.get(\'https://github.com/settings/repositories\') # # soup3 = BeautifulSoup(i3.text, features=\'lxml\') # list_group = soup3.find(name=\'div\', class_=\'listgroup\') # # from bs4.element import Tag # # for child in list_group.children: # if isinstance(child, Tag): # project_tag = child.find(name=\'a\', class_=\'mr-1\') # size_tag = child.find(name=\'small\') # temp = "项目:%s(%s); 项目路径:%s" % (project_tag.get(\'href\'), size_tag.string, project_tag.string, ) # print(temp)
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import time import requests from bs4 import BeautifulSoup session = requests.Session() i1 = session.get( url=\'https://www.zhihu.com/#signin\', headers={ \'User-Agent\': \'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36\', } ) soup1 = BeautifulSoup(i1.text, \'lxml\') xsrf_tag = soup1.find(name=\'input\', attrs={\'name\': \'_xsrf\'}) xsrf = xsrf_tag.get(\'value\') current_time = time.time() i2 = session.get( url=\'https://www.zhihu.com/captcha.gif\', params={\'r\': current_time, \'type\': \'login\'}, headers={ \'User-Agent\': \'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36\', }) with open(\'zhihu.gif\', \'wb\') as f: f.write(i2.content) captcha = input(\'请打开zhihu.gif文件，查看并输入验证码：\') form_data = { "_xsrf": xsrf, \'password\': \'xxooxxoo\', "captcha": \'captcha\', \'email\': \'424662508@qq.com\' } i3 = session.post( url=\'https://www.zhihu.com/login/email\', data=form_data, headers={ \'User-Agent\': \'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36\', } ) i4 = session.get( url=\'https://www.zhihu.com/settings/profile\', headers={ \'User-Agent\': \'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36\', } ) soup4 = BeautifulSoup(i4.text, \'lxml\') tag = soup4.find(id=\'rename-section\') nick_name = tag.find(\'span\',class_=\'name\').string print(nick_name)
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import re import json import base64 import rsa import requests def js_encrypt(text): b64der = \'MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCp0wHYbg/NOPO3nzMD3dndwS0MccuMeXCHgVlGOoYyFwLdS24Im2e7YyhB0wrUsyYf0/nhzCzBK8ZC9eCWqd0aHbdgOQT6CuFQBMjbyGYvlVYU2ZP7kG9Ft6YV6oc9ambuO7nPZh+bvXH0zDKfi02prknrScAKC0XhadTHT3Al0QIDAQAB\' der = base64.standard_b64decode(b64der) pk = rsa.PublicKey.load_pkcs1_openssl_der(der) v1 = rsa.encrypt(bytes(text, \'utf8\'), pk) value = base64.encodebytes(v1).replace(b\'\n\', b\'\') value = value.decode(\'utf8\') return value session = requests.Session() i1 = session.get(\'https://passport.cnblogs.com/user/signin\') rep = re.compile("\'VerificationToken\': \'(.*)\'") v = re.search(rep, i1.text) verification_token = v.group(1) form_data = { \'input1\': js_encrypt(\'wptawy\'), \'input2\': js_encrypt(\'asdfasdf\'), \'remember\': False } i2 = session.post(url=\'https://passport.cnblogs.com/user/signin\', data=json.dumps(form_data), headers={ \'Content-Type\': \'application/json; charset=UTF-8\', \'X-Requested-With\': \'XMLHttpRequest\', \'VerificationToken\': verification_token} ) i3 = session.get(url=\'https://i.cnblogs.com/EditDiary.aspx\') print(i3.text)
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import requests # 第一步：访问登陆页,拿到X_Anti_Forge_Token，X_Anti_Forge_Code # 1、请求url:https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html # 2、请求方法:GET # 3、请求头: # User-agent r1 = requests.get(\'https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html\', headers={ \'User-Agent\': \'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36\', }, ) X_Anti_Forge_Token = re.findall("X_Anti_Forge_Token = \'(.*?)\'", r1.text, re.S)[0] X_Anti_Forge_Code = re.findall("X_Anti_Forge_Code = \'(.*?)\'", r1.text, re.S)[0] print(X_Anti_Forge_Token, X_Anti_Forge_Code) # print(r1.cookies.get_dict()) # 第二步：登陆 # 1、请求url:https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.json # 2、请求方法:POST # 3、请求头: # cookie # User-agent # Referer:https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html # X-Anit-Forge-Code:53165984 # X-Anit-Forge-Token:3b6a2f62-80f0-428b-8efb-ef72fc100d78 # X-Requested-With:XMLHttpRequest # 4、请求体： # isValidate:true # username:15131252215 # password:ab18d270d7126ea65915c50288c22c0d # request_form_verifyCode:\'\' # submit:\'\' r2 = requests.post( \'https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.json\', headers={ \'User-Agent\': \'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36\', \'Referer\': \'https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html\', \'X-Anit-Forge-Code\': X_Anti_Forge_Code, \'X-Anit-Forge-Token\': X_Anti_Forge_Token, \'X-Requested-With\': \'XMLHttpRequest\' }, data={ "isValidate": True, \'username\': \'15131255089\', \'password\': \'ab18d270d7126ea65915c50288c22c0d\', \'request_form_verifyCode\': \'\', \'submit\': \'\' }, cookies=r1.cookies.get_dict() ) print(r2.text)