运算符
1、算数运算：
2、比较运算：
3、赋值运算：
4、逻辑运算：
5、成员运算：
基本数据类型
1、数字
int（整型）
在32位机器上，整数的位数为32位，取值范围为-2**31～2**31-1，即-2147483648～2147483647
在64位系统上，整数的位数为64位，取值范围为-2**63～2**63-1，即-9223372036854775808～9223372036854775807
在64位系统上，整数的位数为64位，取值范围为-2**63～2**63-1，即-9223372036854775808～9223372036854775807
2、布尔值
真或假
1 或 0
3、字符串
"hello world"
字符串常用功能：
- 移除空白
- 分割
- 长度
- 索引
- 切片
4、列表
创建列表：
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name_list = ['alex', 'seven', 'eric']
或name_list ＝ list(['alex', 'seven', 'eric'])
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基本操作：
- 索引
- 切片
- 追加
- 删除
- 长度
- 切片
- 循环
- 包含
5、元祖
创建元祖：
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ages = (11, 22, 33, 44, 55)
或ages = tuple((11, 22, 33, 44, 55))
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基本操作：
- 索引
- 切片
- 循环
- 长度
- 包含
6、字典（无序）
创建字典：
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person = {"name": "mr.wu", 'age': 18}
或person = dict({"name": "mr.wu", 'age': 18})
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常用操作：
- 索引
- 新增
- 删除
- 键、值、键值对
- 循环
- 长度
PS：循环，range，continue 和 break
其他
1、for循环
用户按照顺序循环可迭代对象中的内容，
PS：break、continue
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li = [11,22,33,44]
for item in li:
print item
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2、enumrate
为可迭代的对象添加序号
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li = [11,22,33]
for k,v in enumerate(li, 1):
print(k,v)
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3、range和xrange
指定范围，生成指定的数字
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print range(1, 10)
# 结果：[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]print range(1, 10, 2)
# 结果：[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]print range(30, 0, -2)
# 结果：[30, 28, 26, 24, 22, 20, 18, 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2] |
练习题
一、元素分类
有如下值集合 [11,22,33,44,55,66,77,88,99,90...]，将所有大于 66 的值保存至字典的第一个key中，将小于 66 的值保存至第二个key的值中。
即： {'k1': 大于66的所有值, 'k2': 小于66的所有值}
二、查找
查找列表中元素，移除每个元素的空格，并查找以 a或A开头 并且以 c 结尾的所有元素。
li = ["alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain"]
tu = ("alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain")
dic = {'k1': "alex", 'k2': ' aric', "k3": "Alex", "k4": "Tony"}
三、输出商品列表，用户输入序号，显示用户选中的商品
商品 li = ["手机", "电脑", '鼠标垫', '游艇']
四、购物车
功能要求：
- 要求用户输入总资产，例如：2000
- 显示商品列表，让用户根据序号选择商品，加入购物车
- 购买，如果商品总额大于总资产，提示账户余额不足，否则，购买成功。
- 附加：可充值、某商品移除购物车
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goods = [
{"name": "电脑", "price": 1999},
{"name": "鼠标", "price": 10},
{"name": "游艇", "price": 20},
{"name": "美女", "price": 998},
] |
五、用户交互，显示省市县三级联动的选择
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dic = {
"河北": {
"石家庄": ["鹿泉", "藁城", "元氏"],
"邯郸": ["永年", "涉县", "磁县"],
}
"河南": {
...
}
"山西": {
...
}
} |
评论列表
# 查找列表，元组，字典，中元素，移除每个元素的空格，并查找以 a或A开头 并且以 c 结尾的所有元素。
li = ["alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain"]
tu = ("alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain")
dic = {'k1': "alex", 'k2': ' aric', "k3": "Alex", "k4": "Tony"}
for i in li:
b=i.strip()
if (b.startswith("a") or b.startswith("A")) and b.endswith("c"):
print(b)
for i1 in tu:
c=i1.strip()
if (c.startswith('a')or c.startswith('A')) and c.endswith('c'):
print(c)
for i2 in dic:
d=dic[i2].strip()
if (d.startswith('a') or d.startswith('A')) and d.endswith('c'):
print (d)
li = ["alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain"]
tu = ("alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain")
dic = {'k1': "alex", 'k2': ' aric', "k3": "Alex", "k4": "Tony"}
for i in li:
b=i.strip()
if (b.startswith("a") or b.startswith("A")) and b.endswith("c"):
print(b)
for i1 in tu:
c=i1.strip()
if (c.startswith('a')or c.startswith('A')) and c.endswith('c'):
print(c)
for i2 in dic:
d=dic[i2].strip()
if (d.startswith('a') or d.startswith('A')) and d.endswith('c'):
print (d)
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第四题购物车答案shopping_cart = []
salary = 2000
goods = [
{"name": "电脑", "price": 3000},
{"name": "鼠标", "price": 103},
{"name": "游艇", "price": 200000},
{"name": "美女", "price": 998},
]for i in enumerate(goods):
index = i[0] #序号
p_list = i[1] #商品清单
p_name_list = p_list.get('name')#商品名称列表
p_price_list = p_list.get('price')#商品价格列表
print(index,":",p_name_list,p_price_list)
while True:
choice = input("please enter your choice:").strip()
if choice.isdigit():#如果选择为正整数
choice = int(choice)#输入为数字
if choice < len(goods) and choice >= 0:#选择小于列表长度大于0时
p_item = goods[choice]#加入购物车
p_name = p_item.get('name')
p_monery = p_item.get('price')
if p_monery <= salary:#如果商品价格小于等于余额
shopping_cart.append(p_item)#加入购物车
salary -= p_monery#结算
print("购买的商品\033[32m:%s\033[0m已加入到购物车".center(40, '-') %p_name)
for p_item in shopping_cart:
print(p_name,p_monery)
print("您的余额为\033[31m:%s\033[0m元" % salary)
else:
print("您的余额不足，差%s元"%(abs(p_monery - salary)))
else:
print("没有此件商品!")
else:
print("参数错误")
if choice == "q" or choice == "quit":
cost = 0
print("您购买的商品清单如下:")
for p in shopping_cart:
print(p_name, p_monery)
cost += p_monery
print("\033[32m消费总金额:",cost,"元\033[0m")
print("\033[32m您的余额为:",salary,"元\033[0m")
break
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shopping_cart = {}
il = input("请输入金额：")
salary = int(il)
goods = [
{"name": "电脑", "price": 3000},
{"name": "鼠标", "price": 103},
{"name": "游艇", "price": 200000},
{"name": "美女", "price": 998},
]
for i in goods:
print(i["name"], i["price"])
#加车
while True:
shop = input("请输入商品名称:")
for item in goods:
if shop in item["name"]:
name = item["name"]
if name in shopping_cart.keys():
shopping_cart[name]["num"] = shopping_cart[name]["num"] + 1
else:
shopping_cart[name] = {"price": item["price"], "num":1}
stop = input("是否结账（Y/N）：")
if stop.upper() == "Y":
break
#计算总价
totel = 0
for i, j in shopping_cart.items():
signle_sum = j["price"] * j["num"]
totel = totel + signle_sum
if totel > salary:
print("穷逼")
else:
ling = salary - totel
print("购买成功！")
print("支付金额：%d,购买金额:%d,找回金额:%d" %(salary, totel, ling))
il = input("请输入金额：")
salary = int(il)
goods = [
{"name": "电脑", "price": 3000},
{"name": "鼠标", "price": 103},
{"name": "游艇", "price": 200000},
{"name": "美女", "price": 998},
]
for i in goods:
print(i["name"], i["price"])
#加车
while True:
shop = input("请输入商品名称:")
for item in goods:
if shop in item["name"]:
name = item["name"]
if name in shopping_cart.keys():
shopping_cart[name]["num"] = shopping_cart[name]["num"] + 1
else:
shopping_cart[name] = {"price": item["price"], "num":1}
stop = input("是否结账（Y/N）：")
if stop.upper() == "Y":
break
#计算总价
totel = 0
for i, j in shopping_cart.items():
signle_sum = j["price"] * j["num"]
totel = totel + signle_sum
if totel > salary:
print("穷逼")
else:
ling = salary - totel
print("购买成功！")
print("支付金额：%d,购买金额:%d,找回金额:%d" %(salary, totel, ling))
#练习题4：购物车
print ("练习题4")
def daYinShangPinLieBiao(good):
"""打印商品列表
按照预设格式打印商品列表"""
print ("序号\t", "商品\t", "价格\t" )
for key, shangpin in enumerate(good, 0):
print ((key),"\t", (good[key]["name"]),"\t", good[key]["price"])
def daYinGouWuChe(gouwu):
"""打印购物车内容"""
heji = 0
# print (gouwu)
print ("序号\t", "商品\t", "价格\t" , "数量\t")
for key, shangpin in enumerate(gouwu, 0):
print ((key),"\t", (gouwu[key][0]),"\t", gouwu[key][1],"\t", gouwu[key][2])
heji += gouwu[key][1] * gouwu[key][2]
print ("合计：", heji, "元")
return heji
#商品购买
def shangPinGouMai(gouwu):
while True:
daYinShangPinLieBiao(goods)
print ("退出请直接回车")
xu_hao = (input("请选择购买商品序号: "))
if xu_hao == "":
return gouwu
shu_liang = (input ("请输入购买的数量: "))
gouwu +=[[goods[int(xu_hao)]["name"], goods[int(xu_hao)]["price"], int(shu_liang)]]
return gouwu
#结账及商品价格判断
def jieZhang():
heji = daYinGouWuChe(gouWuChe)
global yong_hu_zong_zi_chan
if heji > yong_hu_zong_zi_chan:
print ("余额不足！")
print ("选择1进行充值")
print ("选择2移除部分商品")
num = input ("请输入选择（1或者2）: ")
if num == "1":
yong_hu_zong_zi_chan = chongZhi(yong_hu_zong_zi_chan)
elif num == "2":
yuChuShangPin(gouWuChe)
jieZhang()
else:
print ("商品购买成功")
#附加功能：充值
def chongZhi(zichan):
print ("您当前余额为：", zichan, "元")
num = int(input("请输入您的充值金额: "))
zichan += num
print ("您当前余额为： ", zichan)
return zichan
#某商品从购物车的移除
def yuChuShangPin(gouwu):
daYinGouWuChe(gouwu)
num = int(input ("请输入您需要移除的商品序号: "))
del gouwu[num]
jieZhang()
#商品预设列表
goods = [
{"name": "电脑", "price": 1999},
{"name": "鼠标", "price": 10},
{"name": "游艇", "price": 20},
{"name": "玩具车", "price": 998},
]
#输入用户总资产
yong_hu_zong_zi_chan = int(input("请输入用户初始总资产: "))
#购物车初始状态
gouWuChe = [
["示例", 200, 0],
]
heji = 0
# daYinShangPinLieBiao(goods)
# daYinGouWuChe(gouWuChe)
shangPinGouMai(gouWuChe)
# daYinGouWuChe(gouWuChe)
jieZhang()
print ("练习题4")
def daYinShangPinLieBiao(good):
"""打印商品列表
按照预设格式打印商品列表"""
print ("序号\t", "商品\t", "价格\t" )
for key, shangpin in enumerate(good, 0):
print ((key),"\t", (good[key]["name"]),"\t", good[key]["price"])
def daYinGouWuChe(gouwu):
"""打印购物车内容"""
heji = 0
# print (gouwu)
print ("序号\t", "商品\t", "价格\t" , "数量\t")
for key, shangpin in enumerate(gouwu, 0):
print ((key),"\t", (gouwu[key][0]),"\t", gouwu[key][1],"\t", gouwu[key][2])
heji += gouwu[key][1] * gouwu[key][2]
print ("合计：", heji, "元")
return heji
#商品购买
def shangPinGouMai(gouwu):
while True:
daYinShangPinLieBiao(goods)
print ("退出请直接回车")
xu_hao = (input("请选择购买商品序号: "))
if xu_hao == "":
return gouwu
shu_liang = (input ("请输入购买的数量: "))
gouwu +=[[goods[int(xu_hao)]["name"], goods[int(xu_hao)]["price"], int(shu_liang)]]
return gouwu
#结账及商品价格判断
def jieZhang():
heji = daYinGouWuChe(gouWuChe)
global yong_hu_zong_zi_chan
if heji > yong_hu_zong_zi_chan:
print ("余额不足！")
print ("选择1进行充值")
print ("选择2移除部分商品")
num = input ("请输入选择（1或者2）: ")
if num == "1":
yong_hu_zong_zi_chan = chongZhi(yong_hu_zong_zi_chan)
elif num == "2":
yuChuShangPin(gouWuChe)
jieZhang()
else:
print ("商品购买成功")
#附加功能：充值
def chongZhi(zichan):
print ("您当前余额为：", zichan, "元")
num = int(input("请输入您的充值金额: "))
zichan += num
print ("您当前余额为： ", zichan)
return zichan
#某商品从购物车的移除
def yuChuShangPin(gouwu):
daYinGouWuChe(gouwu)
num = int(input ("请输入您需要移除的商品序号: "))
del gouwu[num]
jieZhang()
#商品预设列表
goods = [
{"name": "电脑", "price": 1999},
{"name": "鼠标", "price": 10},
{"name": "游艇", "price": 20},
{"name": "玩具车", "price": 998},
]
#输入用户总资产
yong_hu_zong_zi_chan = int(input("请输入用户初始总资产: "))
#购物车初始状态
gouWuChe = [
["示例", 200, 0],
]
heji = 0
# daYinShangPinLieBiao(goods)
# daYinGouWuChe(gouWuChe)
shangPinGouMai(gouWuChe)
# daYinGouWuChe(gouWuChe)
jieZhang()
第一题：
第二题：
第三题：
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a = [11,22,33,44,55,66,77,88,99,90]
b = {
"key1":[],
"key2":[]
}for i in a:
if i > 66:
b["key1"].append(i)
elif i < 66:
b["key2"].append(i)
print(b)
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第二题：
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li = ["alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain"]
tu = ("alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain")
dic = {'k1': "alex", 'k2': ' Aric', "k3": "Alex", "k4": "Tony"}
for a in range(len(li)):
li[a] = li[a].replace(" ", "")
print(li)
tu = list(tu)
for b in range(len(tu)):
tu[b] = tu[b].replace(" ", "")
tu = tuple(tu)
print(tu)
for c in dic:
dic[c] = dic[c].replace(" ", "")
print(dic)
for a1 in li:
if (a1.startswith("a") or a1.startswith("A")) and a1.endswith("c"):
print(a1)
for b1 in tu:
if (b1.startswith("a") or b1.startswith("A")) and b1.endswith("c"):
print(b1)
for c1 in dic:
c2 = dic[c1].strip()
if (c2.startswith("a") or c2.startswith("A")) and c2.endswith("c"):
print(c2)
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第三题：
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a = ["手机", "电脑", '鼠标垫', '游艇']
for i , a1 in enumerate(a, 1):
print(i , a1)
b = input("请输入商品编号：")
b1 = int(b)
print(a[b1 - 1])
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第二题：
li = ["alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain"]
tu = ("alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain")
dic = {'k1': "alex", 'k2': ' aric', "k3": "Alex", "k4": "Tony"}
def Transform(args):
new_list=[]
if (True if type(args)==list or type(args)==tuple else False):
arg=list(args)
for i in arg:
i=i.strip()
if i.capitalize().startswith('A') and i.endswith('c'):
new_list.append(i)
print("%s符合条件的元素有:"%str(args),end=' ')
for j in new_list:
print(j,end=',')
print()
else:
new_dic={}
for k in args:
args[k]=args[k].strip()
if args[k].capitalize().startswith('A') and dic[k].endswith('c'):
print("%s符合条件的元素有："%str(args),args[k])
for i in ["li","tu","dic"]:
Transform(eval(i))
li = ["alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain"]
tu = ("alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain")
dic = {'k1': "alex", 'k2': ' aric', "k3": "Alex", "k4": "Tony"}
def Transform(args):
new_list=[]
if (True if type(args)==list or type(args)==tuple else False):
arg=list(args)
for i in arg:
i=i.strip()
if i.capitalize().startswith('A') and i.endswith('c'):
new_list.append(i)
print("%s符合条件的元素有:"%str(args),end=' ')
for j in new_list:
print(j,end=',')
print()
else:
new_dic={}
for k in args:
args[k]=args[k].strip()
if args[k].capitalize().startswith('A') and dic[k].endswith('c'):
print("%s符合条件的元素有："%str(args),args[k])
for i in ["li","tu","dic"]:
Transform(eval(i))
li = ["alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain"]
tu = ("alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain")
dic = {'k1': "alex", 'k2': ' aric', "k3": "Alex", "k4": "Tony"}
def Transform(args):
new_list=[]
if (True if type(args)==list or type(args)==tuple else False):
arg=list(args)
for i in arg:
i=i.strip()
if i.capitalize().startswith('A') and i.endswith('c'):
new_list.append(i)
print("%s符合条件的元素有:"%str(args),end=' ')
for j in new_list:
print(j,end=',')
print()
else:
new_dic={}
for k in args:
args[k]=args[k].strip()
if args[k].capitalize().startswith('A') and dic[k].endswith('c'):
print("%s符合条件的元素有："%str(args),args[k])
for i in ["li","tu","dic"]:
Transform(eval(i))
tu = ("alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain")
dic = {'k1': "alex", 'k2': ' aric', "k3": "Alex", "k4": "Tony"}
def Transform(args):
new_list=[]
if (True if type(args)==list or type(args)==tuple else False):
arg=list(args)
for i in arg:
i=i.strip()
if i.capitalize().startswith('A') and i.endswith('c'):
new_list.append(i)
print("%s符合条件的元素有:"%str(args),end=' ')
for j in new_list:
print(j,end=',')
print()
else:
new_dic={}
for k in args:
args[k]=args[k].strip()
if args[k].capitalize().startswith('A') and dic[k].endswith('c'):
print("%s符合条件的元素有："%str(args),args[k])
for i in ["li","tu","dic"]:
Transform(eval(i))
运算符
1、算数运算：
2、比较运算：
3、赋值运算：
4、逻辑运算：
5、成员运算：
基本数据类型
1、数字
int（整型）
在32位机器上，整数的位数为32位，取值范围为-2**31～2**31-1，即-2147483648～2147483647
在64位系统上，整数的位数为64位，取值范围为-2**63～2**63-1，即-9223372036854775808～9223372036854775807
在64位系统上，整数的位数为64位，取值范围为-2**63～2**63-1，即-9223372036854775808～9223372036854775807
2、布尔值
真或假
1 或 0
3、字符串
"hello world"
字符串常用功能：
- 移除空白
- 分割
- 长度
- 索引
- 切片
4、列表
创建列表：
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name_list = ['alex', 'seven', 'eric']
或name_list ＝ list(['alex', 'seven', 'eric'])
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基本操作：
- 索引
- 切片
- 追加
- 删除
- 长度
- 切片
- 循环
- 包含
5、元祖
创建元祖：
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ages = (11, 22, 33, 44, 55)
或ages = tuple((11, 22, 33, 44, 55))
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基本操作：
- 索引
- 切片
- 循环
- 长度
- 包含
6、字典（无序）
创建字典：
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person = {"name": "mr.wu", 'age': 18}
或person = dict({"name": "mr.wu", 'age': 18})
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常用操作：
- 索引
- 新增
- 删除
- 键、值、键值对
- 循环
- 长度
PS：循环，range，continue 和 break
其他
1、for循环
用户按照顺序循环可迭代对象中的内容，
PS：break、continue
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li = [11,22,33,44]
for item in li:
print item
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2、enumrate
为可迭代的对象添加序号
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3
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li = [11,22,33]
for k,v in enumerate(li, 1):
print(k,v)
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3、range和xrange
指定范围，生成指定的数字
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print range(1, 10)
# 结果：[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]print range(1, 10, 2)
# 结果：[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]print range(30, 0, -2)
# 结果：[30, 28, 26, 24, 22, 20, 18, 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2] |
练习题
一、元素分类
有如下值集合 [11,22,33,44,55,66,77,88,99,90...]，将所有大于 66 的值保存至字典的第一个key中，将小于 66 的值保存至第二个key的值中。
即： {'k1': 大于66的所有值, 'k2': 小于66的所有值}
二、查找
查找列表中元素，移除每个元素的空格，并查找以 a或A开头 并且以 c 结尾的所有元素。
li = ["alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain"]
tu = ("alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain")
dic = {'k1': "alex", 'k2': ' aric', "k3": "Alex", "k4": "Tony"}
三、输出商品列表，用户输入序号，显示用户选中的商品
商品 li = ["手机", "电脑", '鼠标垫', '游艇']
四、购物车
功能要求：
- 要求用户输入总资产，例如：2000
- 显示商品列表，让用户根据序号选择商品，加入购物车
- 购买，如果商品总额大于总资产，提示账户余额不足，否则，购买成功。
- 附加：可充值、某商品移除购物车
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goods = [
{"name": "电脑", "price": 1999},
{"name": "鼠标", "price": 10},
{"name": "游艇", "price": 20},
{"name": "美女", "price": 998},
] |
五、用户交互，显示省市县三级联动的选择
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dic = {
"河北": {
"石家庄": ["鹿泉", "藁城", "元氏"],
"邯郸": ["永年", "涉县", "磁县"],
}
"河南": {
...
}
"山西": {
...
}
} |