MySQL5.7初始化后5种密码重置方法 MySQL5.7初始化后5种密码重置方法

前言：由于好几次安装MySQL5.7后一直被重置密码所困扰,因此特意整理重置的方法

安装MySQL5.7

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[root@node1 db]# ll  以下的rpm安装包可以随处下载 total 402356 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root      24744 Nov 25  2015 libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415  25106088 Mar  5 10:24 mysql-community-client-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415   3781636 Mar  5 10:24 mysql-community-devel-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415   2239868 Mar  5 10:24 mysql-community-libs-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 172992596 Mar  5 10:25 mysql-community-server-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm [root@node1 db]# [root@node1 db]# rpm -ivh *.rpm --nodeps --force warning: mysql-community-client-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY Preparing...                          ################################# [100%] Updating / installing...    1:mysql-community-libs-5.7.22-1.el7################################# [ 20%]    2:mysql-community-client-5.7.22-1.e################################# [ 40%]    3:libaio-0.3.109-13.el7            ################################# [ 60%]    4:mysql-community-server-5.7.22-1.e################################# [ 80%]    5:mysql-community-devel-5.7.22-1.el################################# [100%]   启动mysql [root@node1 db]# systemctl start mysqld   从日志中获取随机生成的密码 [root@node1 db]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log 2018-07-15T09:01:09.735836Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ViFg8pWf+,lU [root@node1 db]# mysql -uroot -pViFg8pWf+,lU mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.7.22 Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type \'help;\' or \'\h\' for help. Type \'\c\' to clear the current input statement.   登录后并不能任何操作 mysql> show databases; ERROR 1820 (HY000): Unknown error 1820 mysql> select * from mysql; ERROR 1046 (3D000):

方法1：使用alter修改

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mysql> ALTER USER USER() IDENTIFIED BY \'Reid790!@#$\'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)   mysql> ALTER USER \'root\'@\'localhost\' IDENTIFIED BY \'Tom579#$%^&\';  #针对localhost Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)   或者先关闭其密码策略修改 mysql> select @@validate_password_length; ERROR 1820 (HY000): Unknown error 1820 mysql>  ALTER USER USER() IDENTIFIED BY \'12345678\'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)   validate_password_policy有以下取值： Policy  Tests Performed 0 or LOW    Length 1 or MEDIUM Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters 2 or STRONG Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters; dictionary file 默认是1，即MEDIUM，所以刚开始设置的密码必须符合长度，且必须含有数字，小写或大写字母，特殊字符。

方法2：使用set password

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mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR \'root\'@\'localhost\' = PASSWORD(\'Gerk087@&#@\');  #第一次也要符合密友复杂度 Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)   mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

方法3：使用update

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mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET authentication_string = PASSWORD(\'Marry583@&%!\'), password_expired = \'N\' WHERE User = \'root\' AND Host = \'localhost\'; Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)   mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

方法4：使用mysql_secure_installation

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[root@node1 db]# mysql_secure_installation   Securing the MySQL server deployment.   Enter password for user root: Marry583@&%! The \'validate_password\' plugin is installed on the server. The subsequent steps will run with the existing configuration of the plugin. Using existing password for root.   Estimated strength of the password: 100 Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y   New password: Tom579#$%^&   Re-enter new password: Tom579#$%^&   Estimated strength of the password: 100 Do you wish to continue with the password provided?(Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a production environment. 为了安全应该yes Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : No    ... skipping.     Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from \'localhost\'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network. 为了安全应该yes Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : No    ... skipping. By default, MySQL comes with a database named \'test\' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment.   为了安全应该yes Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : No     ... skipping. Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately.   Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y Success.   All done!

方法5：跳过授权列表skip-grant-tables

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[root@node1 db]# mysql ERROR 1045 (28000): Unknown error 1045 [root@node1 db]# vim /etc/my.cnf  #使用完后去掉 [mysqld] skip-grant-tables=1   重启mysql,再修改 [root@node1 db]# systemctl restart mysqld [root@node1 db]# mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.7.22 MySQL Community Server (GPL)   Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.   Type \'help;\' or \'\h\' for help. Type \'\c\' to clear the current input statement.   mysql> set password = PASSWORD(\'Reid4909@%&\'); ERROR 1290 (HY000): Unknown error 1290 mysql> ALTER USER \'root\'@\'localhost\' IDENTIFIED BY \'Tom579#$%^&\'; ERROR 1290 (HY000): Unknown error 1290 mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)   mysql> set password = PASSWORD(\'Reid4909@%&\'); ERROR 1133 (42000): mysql> ALTER USER \'root\'@\'localhost\' IDENTIFIED BY \'Tom579#$%^&\'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)   mysql> set password for root@localhost = password(\'123456\'); Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

Summary
a. mysql5.7安装好后会在/var/log/mysql.log中产随机密码,而且不修改密码不能执行任何操作
b. mysql5.7的user表中的password字串修改为authentication_string
c. 修改密码的Policy转变是1(中级),因此设置时要符合规则
d. 跳过授权列时,同时也不受密码policy影响