linux 手工创建oracle数据库实例
Step01: 设置环境变量，可加在.bash_profile文件中：
export ORACLE_SID=ORCL
Step02: 创建需要的目录：
$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/ORCL
$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/ORCL/adump
$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/ORCL/bdump
$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/ORCL/cdump
$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/ORCL/udump
$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/ORCL/pfile
Step03: 在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录下创建ORACLE的参数文件initSID.ora，可先拷贝数据库自带的init.ora文件，在修改：
$ cp init.ora initORCL.ora
用vi命令编辑initORCL.ora文件，修改如下：
# Change \'<ORACLE_BASE>\' to point to the oracle base (the one you specify at
# install time)
db_name=\'ORCL\'
memory_target=700M
processes = 150
audit_file_dest=\'/u01/admin/ORCL/adump/\'
#audit_file_dest=\'/u01/oracle/rdbms/audit/\'
audit_trail =\'db\'
db_block_size=8192
db_domain=\'\'
db_recovery_file_dest=\'/u01/flash_recovery_area/\'
db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G
diagnostic_dest=\'/u01\'
dispatchers=\'(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORCLXDB)\'
open_cursors=300
remote_login_passwordfile=\'EXCLUSIVE\'
undo_tablespace=\'UNDOTBS1\'
# You may want to ensure that control files are created on separate physical
# devices
control_files = (\'/u01/oradata/ORCL/control01.ctl\',\'/u01/oradata/ORCL/control02.ctl\', \'/u01/oradata/ORCL/control03.ctl\')
compatible =\'11.2.0\'
Step04: 创建密码文件：
$orapwd file=orapwdORCL password=oracle entries=5
Step05: 创建oracle的建库角本create.sql，内容如下：
spool orcl_dbcreate.log;
create database "ORCL"
maxdatafiles 500
maxinstances 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 4000
maxlogfiles 32
character set "UTF8"
national character set AL16UTF16
datafile
\'/u01/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf\' size 500M
SYSAUX DATAFILE \'/u01/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf\' SIZE 100M
UNDO TABLESPACE "UNDOTBS1"（注意：UNDOTBS1的名称一定要与initORCL中的相同，否则会出错）
DATAFILE \'/u01/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf\' SIZE 200M
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp TEMPFILE \'/u01/oradata/ORCL/temp01.dbf\' SIZE 300M
DEFAULT TABLESPACE uses DATAFILE \'/u01/oradata/ORCL/user01.dbf\' SIZE 20m
logfile
GROUP 1 (
\'/u01/oradata/ORCL/redo01a.log\',
\'/u01/oradata/ORCL/redo01b.log\'
) SIZE 100M,
GROUP 2 (
\'/u01/oradata/ORCL/redo02a.log\',
\'/u01/oradata/ORCL/redo02b.log\'
) SIZE 100M,
GROUP 3 (
\'/u01/oradata/ORCL/redo03a.log\',
\'/u01/oradata/ORCL/redo03b.log\'
) SIZE 100M
; spool off
Step06: 数据库创建完成后，再创建ORACLE的数据字典。
SQL>@?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
SQL>@?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
SQL>@?/rdbms/admin/catexp.sql
至此，ORACLE数据库手动创建成功。