Django中Ajax表单提交
Ajax是以一种与服务器交换数据的技术，可以在不重载整个页面的情况下更新网页的一部分。它也可以运用在Django项目的表单中，与普通的views函数不一样的是：表单所在的网页上必须有JavaScript脚本，该脚本一方面对提交数据给view方法，另一方面根据view返回的response对现有的页面进行调整。
下面是一个简单的例子，通过这个例子，总结其步骤和需要注意的地方。
- 首先是html
# base.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Title Page</title>
<!-- Bootstrap CSS -->
<link href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- HTML5 Shim and Respond.js IE8 support of HTML5 elements and media queries -->
<!-- WARNING: Respond.js doesn\'t work if you view the page via file:// -->
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/libs/html5shiv/3.7.3/html5shiv.js"></script>
<script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/libs/respond.js/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
<!-- jQuery -->
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<!-- Bootstrap JavaScript -->
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
{% block body_block %}
{% endblock %}
</body>
</html>
# testAjax.html
{% extends \'base.html\' %}
{% block body_block %}
<h4>FeedBack</h4>
<div class="row">
<div id="feedbackmessage">
Hell
</div>
</div>
<form method="POST" id="feedbackform" action=\'{% url "testapp:feedback" %}\'>
{% csrf_token %}
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12">
{{ form.comment }}
</div>
</div>
{{ form.name.as_hidden }}
{{ form.email.as_hidden }}
{{ form.gender.as_hidden }}
<input type="submit" value="Submit feedback" class="btn btn-primary">
</form>
<script>
$(document).ready(function(){
$(\'#feedbackform\').submit(function(event){
event.preventDefault()
$.ajax({data:$(this).serialize(),
type:$(this).attr(\'method\'),
url:$(this).attr(\'action\'),
success:function(response){
console.log(response);
if (response[\'success\']){
$(\'#feedbackmessage\').html(\'<div class="alert alert-success"> Successsfully sent feedback</div>\');
$(\'#feedbackform\').addClass(\'hidden\');
};
if (response[\'error\']){
$(\'#feedbackmessage\').html("<div class=\'alert alert-danger\'>"+
response[\'error\'][\'comment\']+"</div>");
}
},
error:function (request,status,error){
console.log(request.responseText);
}
})
})
})
</script>
{% endblock %}
这里需要注意的是在JQuery下的Ajax的脚本中，event.preventDefault方法必须要调用，因为这个方法意味着阻止元素发生默认行为（详见https://www.runoob.com/jquery/event-preventdefault.html），如果没有阻止的话，ajax技术就没有办法运用，在提交了表单后，页面直接返回view方法返回的response页面，而不会根据ajax的逻辑来修改页面。(ajax简介：https://www.runoob.com/jquery/jquery-ref-ajax.html ）
- url
#主urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import include
from django.urls import path
urlpatterns = [
path(\'admin/\', admin.site.urls),
path(\'testapp/\',include(\'testapp.urls\',namespace=\'testapp\')) #定义命名空间
]
#app中的urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url
from testapp import views
from django.views.generic import TemplateView
app_name=\'testapp\' #定义命名空间
urlpatterns=[
url(r\'^testDebug\',views.testDebug,name=\'testDebug\'),
url(r\'^feedback/$\',views.feedback,name=\'feedback\'),
]
- views.py
def feedback(request):
if request.POST:
form=ContactForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
return JsonResponse({\'success\':True})
else:
return JsonResponse({\'error\':form.errors})
form=ContactForm(initial={\'email\':\'784@qq.com\',\'name\':\'yy\',\'gender\':\'a\'})
return render(request,\'testapp/testAjax.html\',{\'form\':form})
- forms.py
from django import forms
class ContactForm(forms.Form):
name=forms.CharField(required=False)
email=forms.EmailField(label=\'Your Email\')
comment=forms.CharField(widget=forms.Textarea)
gender=forms.ChoiceField(choices=((\'a\',\'male\'),(\'b\',\'female\'),(\'c\',\'人妖\')))
def clean_name(self):
name=self.cleaned_data.get(\'name\',\'\')
if \'y\' not in name:
raise forms.ValidationError(\'y not in name\')
return name
填写，提交后：
Django中文件上传
与普通的view函数及