知乎 mac apfs
So you’re using Disk Utility to partition your new hard drive when you’re presented with a choice of potential file systems. The list is longer than you’d think, with terms like “APFS (Case-sensitive)” and “Mac OS Extended (Journaled, Encrypted)” to choose from.
因此，当出现各种潜在的文件系统时，您将使用“磁盘工具”对新硬盘进行分区 。 该列表比您想象的要长，您可以选择“ APFS(区分大小写)”和“ Mac OS Extended(已日记，加密)”之类的术语。
What does all this mean, and which should you choose? Basically there are three main options:
这一切意味着什么，您应该选择哪个？ 基本上有三个主要选项：
-
APFS, or “Apple File System,” is one of the new features in macOS High Sierra. It’s optimized for solid state drives (SSDs) and other all-flash storage devices, though it will also work on mechanical and hybrid drives.
APFS或“ Apple文件系统”是macOS High Sierra中的新功能之一 。 尽管它也可以在机械和混合驱动器上运行，但它已针对固态驱动器(SSD)和其他全闪存存储设备进行了优化。
-
Mac OS Extended, also known as HFS Plus or HFS+, is the file system used on all Macs from 1998 until now. On macOS High Sierra, it’s used on all mechanical and hybrid drives, and older versions of macOS used it by default for all drives.
Mac OS Extended ，也称为HFS Plus或HFS + ，是1998年至今所有Mac上使用的文件系统。 在macOS High Sierra上，所有机械驱动器和混合驱动器都使用它，并且默认情况下，所有驱动器都使用旧版本的macOS。
-
ExFAT is the best cross platform option, designed to work on Windows and macOS systems. Use this for an external drive that will plug into both kinds of computers.
ExFAT是最好的跨平台选项，旨在在Windows和macOS系统上工作。 将此驱动器用于将插入两种计算机的外部驱动器 。
Choosing a file system is basically choosing between these three options. The other factors, like encryption and case sensitivity, aren’t something you should get too hung up on. Let’s dive into a bit more details about the top three choices below, and then explain a few of the sub-options.
选择文件系统基本上是在这三个选项之间进行选择。 其他因素(例如加密和区分大小写)并不是您应该挂在嘴上的东西。 让我们深入了解下面的前三个选项，然后解释其中的一些子选项。
APFS：最适合固态驱动器和闪存驱动器 (APFS: Best for Solid State and Flash Drives)
APFS, or Apple File System, is the default file system for solid state drives and flash memory in 2017’s macOS High Sierra. First released in 2016, it offers all sorts of benefits over Mac OS Extended, the previous default.
APFS或Apple File System是2017年macOS High Sierra中固态驱动器和闪存的默认文件系统。 它于2016年首次发布，与以前的默认Mac OS Extended相比，具有各种优势。
For one thing, APFS is faster: copying and pasting a folder is basically instantaneous, because the file system basically points to the same data twice. And improvements to metadata mean it’s very quick to do things like determine how much space a folder is taking up on your drive. There are also a number of reliability improvements, making things like corrupted files a lot less common. There are a lot of upsides here. We’re just skimming the surface, so check out our article about everything you need to know about APFS for more information about the benefits of APFS.
一方面，APFS更快：复制和粘贴文件夹基本上是瞬时的，因为文件系统基本上两次指向同一数据。 对元数据的改进意味着它可以非常快速地执行诸如确定文件夹在驱动器上占用多少空间的操作。 可靠性方面也进行了许多改进，使损坏的文件之类的事情变得不那么普遍了。 这里有很多好处。 我们只是在浏览表面，因此请查阅我们关于APFS所需了解的所有文章， 以获取有关APFS优势的更多信息。
So what’s the catch? Reverse compatibility. 2016’s macOS Sierra was the first operating system capable of reading and writing to APFS systems, meaning any Mac using an older operating system will not be able to write to APFS-formatted drives. If there’s an older Mac you need a drive to work with, APFS is a bad choice for that drive. And forget about reading an APFS drive from Windows: there aren’t even third-party tools out there for that yet.
那么有什么收获呢？ 反向兼容性。 2016年的macOS Sierra是第一个能够读取和写入APFS系统的操作系统，这意味着任何使用旧操作系统的Mac都将无法写入APFS格式的驱动器。 如果使用的是较旧的Mac，则需要使用驱动器，因此APFS是该驱动器的错误选择。 忘记从Windows读取APFS驱动器了：到目前为止，还没有第三方工具。
APFS also isn’t compatible with Time Machine at this time, so you’ll have to format backup drives as Mac OS Extended.
APFS目前也与Time Machine不兼容，因此您必须将备份驱动器格式化为Mac OS Extended。
Other than that, there’s probably no reason not to use APFS at this point, especially on solid state drives and flash memory.
除此之外，此时可能没有理由不使用APFS，尤其是在固态驱动器和闪存上。
Mac OS Extended：最适合机械驱动器或与旧macOS版本一起使用的驱动器 (Mac OS Extended: Best for Mechanical Drives, Or Drives Used With Older macOS Versions)
Mac OS Extended was the default file system used by every Mac from 1998 until 2017, when APFS replaced it. To this day, it remains the default file system for mechanical and hybrid hard drives, both while installing macOS and while formatting external drives. This is in part because the benefits of APFS aren’t as clear on mechanical drives.
Mac OS Extended是1998年至2017年间所有Mac使用的默认文件系统，直到APFS替换它为止。 到目前为止，在安装macOS和格式化外部驱动器时，它仍然是机械和混合硬盘驱动器的默认文件系统。 部分原因是在机械驱动器上，APFS的优势尚不明确。
If you’ve got a mechanical hard drive, and you intend to use it only with Macs, it’s probably best to stick with Mac OS Extended. And any drive that needs to work with older Macs, running El Capitan or earlier, should absolutely be formatted with Mac OS Extended, because APFS is not compatible with those computers.
如果您有机械硬盘驱动器，并且打算仅在Mac上使用它，那么最好坚持使用Mac OS Extended。 而且，任何需要与运行El Capitan或更早版本的旧Mac一起使用的驱动器，都必须使用Mac OS Extended进行格式化，因为APFS与这些计算机不兼容。
APFS also doesn’t work with Time Machine, so you should format any drive you want to use for backing up your Mac using Mac OS Extended.
APFS也不适用于Time Machine，因此您应该格式化要用于通过Mac OS Extended备份Mac的任何驱动器。
ExFat：最适合与Windows计算机共享的外部驱动器 (ExFat: Best for External Drives Shared With Windows Computers)
ExFat should basically only be used on drives that need to work with both Windows and macOS computers. The format dates back to 2006, and was made by Microsoft to provide some of the cross-platform compatibility of the older FAT32 format without the file and partition size limitations. It’s not a particularly optimized file format—it’s far more vulnerable to file fragmentation than APFS or Mac OS Extended, for one thing, and metadata and other features used by macOS aren’t present.
ExFat基本上仅应在需要与Windows和macOS计算机一起使用的驱动器上使用。 该格式可以追溯到2006年，由Microsoft制作，可提供较旧FAT32格式的某些跨平台兼容性，而没有文件和分区大小的限制。 它不是一种经过特别优化的文件格式-一方面，它比APFS或Mac OS Extended更容易受到文件碎片的影响，而且不存在macOS使用的元数据和其他功能。
But formatting a drive with ExFAT offers one huge advantage: both Windows and macOS computers and both read and write to this format. Sure, you could read a Mac formatted drive on Windows or read a Windows formatted drive on a Mac, but both solutions either cost money or are unstable. So despite the disadvantages, ExFAT is your best option for cross-platform hard drives.
但是，使用ExFAT格式化驱动器具有一个巨大的优势：Windows和macOS计算机都可以读取和写入这种格式。 当然，您可以在Windows上读取Mac格式化的驱动器，或者在Mac上 读取Windows格式化的驱动器 ，但是两种解决方案都需要花钱或不稳定。 因此，尽管有缺点，但ExFAT是跨平台硬盘驱动器的最佳选择。
区分大小写：避免除非您知道为什么要这么做 (Case Sensitive: Avoid Unless You Know Why You Want It)
APFS and Mac OS Extended both offer a “Case Sensitive” option, but macOS does not use this setting by default. And unless you really know what you’re doing, and have a specific reason for wanting it, you shouldn’t use case sensitivity when formatting a drive.
APFS和Mac OS Extended均提供“区分大小写”选项，但macOS默认不使用此设置。 而且，除非您真的知道自己在做什么，并且有特定的原因想要这样做，否则在格式化驱动器时不应使用区分大小写的功能。
To be clear, you can use capital letters in file names either way. Case Sensitivity mostly determines whether the file system sees capital letters as different. By default, it doesn’t, which is why you can’t have a file called “Fun.txt” and “fun.txt” in the same folder on a Mac. The file system sees the file names as identical, even if they look different to you.
为了清楚起见，您可以在文件名中使用任一种大写字母。 区分大小写主要决定文件系统是否将大写字母视为不同。 默认情况下，它不是，这就是为什么在Mac的同一文件夹中不能有名为“ Fun.txt”和“ fun.txt”的文件的原因。 文件系统会将文件名视为相同，即使它们看起来与您不同。
Macs used case sensitivity at the file system by default in the 90s, but this changed around the time of Mac OS X’s launch. UNIX-based systems are generally case sensitive and Mac OS X was the first Mac operating system based on the UNIX standard, so this is a little unusual. Presumably, a case-sensitive file system was just seen as less user-friendly.
Mac默认在90年代在文件系统上使用区分大小写的功能，但这在Mac OS X发行之时就改变了。 基于UNIX的系统通常区分大小写，并且Mac OS X是第一个基于UNIX标准的Mac操作系统，因此这有点不寻常。 据推测，区分大小写的文件系统被认为不那么用户友好。
Today, enabling case sensitivity could break some Mac apps that expect a case-insensitive file system.
今天，启用区分大小写可能会破坏某些Mac OS应用程序，该应用程序希望使用不区分大小写的文件系统。
Our recommendation is to avoid case sensitivity for both APFS and Mac OS Extended unless you have a specific reason for wanting it. There’s not many benefits to turning it on, but all kinds of things might break, and dragging files from one to the other might mean data loss.
我们的建议是避免对APFS和Mac OS Extended区分大小写，除非您有特定的理由要这样做。 开启它并没有很多好处，但是各种事情都可能中断，将文件从一个拖到另一个可能意味着数据丢失。
加密可以保护文件，但可能会影响性能 (Encryption Protects Your Files, But Might Affect Performance)
We’ve told you how to encrypt your macOS hard drives, but the fastest way to get this done is enabling encryption when you first format the drive. Both APFS and Mac OS Extended offer an Encrypted option, and if security is a concern, it’s a good idea to use this on external drives.
我们已经告诉您如何加密macOS硬盘驱动器 ，但是完成此操作的最快方法是在首次格式化驱动器时启用加密。 APFS和Mac OS Extended都提供了加密选项，如果出于安全考虑，最好在外部驱动器上使用它。
The main downside is that forgetting the encryption key means losing access to your files. Do not encrypt a drive unless you can remember the key, or unless you have somewhere secure to store it.
主要缺点是忘记加***意味着无法访问文件。 除非您能记住**，或者除非有安全的地方可以存储它，否则不要对驱动器进行加密。
The other potential downside to encryption is performance. Reading and writing will be slower on an encrypted drive, but we think it’s generally worth it—especially on portable Macs, like laptops.
加密的另一个潜在缺点是性能。 在加密的驱动器上读写会比较慢，但是我们认为这样做通常是值得的，尤其是在便携式Mac(例如笔记本电脑)上。
其他选项：MS-DOS(FAT)和Windows NT (Other Options: MS-DOS (FAT) and Windows NT)
Eagle-eyed observers will notice a few more options than what I’ve outlined above. Here’s a quick summary of those.
目光敏锐的观察者会发现比我上面概述的更多的选择。 以下是这些内容的快速摘要。
-
MS-DOS (FAT) is an ancient reverse-compatible file format, a precursor to FAT32. Only use this if you absolutely need compatibility with Windows versions older than XP SP2. You almost certainly do not.
MS-DOS(FAT)是一种古老的反向兼容文件格式，是FAT32的前身。 仅在绝对需要与XP SP2之前的Windows版本兼容时才使用此功能。 您几乎可以肯定不会。
-
Windows NT Filesystem might be offered depending on your setup. This is the main type of drive used by Windows systems, and it’s probably a better idea to create such partitions on a Windows system.
根据您的设置，可能会提供Windows NT文件系统 。 这是Windows系统使用的主要驱动器类型，在Windows系统上创建此类分区可能是一个更好的主意。
We’ve already told you the difference between FAT32, exFAT, and NTFS, so check that list for more detail about these and other options.
我们已经告诉您FAT32，exFAT和NTFS之间的区别 ，因此请检查该列表以获取有关这些选项和其他选项的更多详细信息。
Photo credit: Patrick Lindenberg, Brian Blum, Tinh tế Photo, Telaneo
照片提供： Patrick Lindenberg ， Brian Blum ， Tinhtế 照片 ， Teraneo
翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/331042/whats-the-difference-between-apfs-macos-extended-hfs-and-exfat/
知乎 mac apfs