Contents
- Historical Perspective
- Introduction of Precision Medicine
- Precision Medicine-related Projects
- Cancer Genomics & Precision Medicine
- Challenges to Precision Medicine
- Case Study
Which genes cause our differences in our diverse phenotypes, including responses to therapies?
Relationship to personalized medicine
- Precision Medicine refers to the tailoring of medical treatment to the individual characteristics of each patient.
- It does not literally mean the creation of drugs or medical devices that are unique to a patient, but rather the ability to classify individuals into subpopulations that differ in their susceptibility to a particular disease, in the biology and/or prognosis of those diseases they may develop, or in their response to a specific treatment.
- Preventive or therapeutic interventions can then be concentrated on those who will benefit, sparing expense and side effects for those who will not.
- Althoght the term "Personalized Medicine" is also used to convey this meaning, that term is sometimes misinterpreted as implying that unique treatments can be designed for each individual.
The 1000 cancer genome project
Hapmap, The Pilot Project and The Main Project
The Cancer Genome Atlas project
PMI: what is it?
- Precision medicine is an emerging approach for disease prevention and treatment that takes into account people's indivudual variations in genes, environment, and lifestyle.
- The Precision Medicine Initiative(精准医疗计划) will generate the scientific evidence needed to move the concept of precision medicine into clinical practice.
PMI: why now?
- Sequencing of the human genome
- Improved technologies for biomedical analysis
- New tools for using large datasets
PMI: Near-term goals
- Intensify(加强) efforts to apply precision medicine to cancer.
- Innovative clinical trials of targeted drugs for adult, pediatric(小儿科的) cancers
- Use of combination therapies
- Knowledge to overcome drug resistance
PMI: Longer-term goals
- Create a research cohort of >1 million American volunteers who will share genetic data, biological samples, and diet/lifestyle information, all linked to their electronic health records if they choose.
- Pioneer a new model for doing science that emphasizes engaged participants, responsible data sharing, and privacy protection.
EU Innovotive Medicines Initiative (IMI) is working to improve health by speeding up the development of, and patient access to, innovative medicines, particularly in areas where there is an unmet medical or social need.
Bioconductor package 'genefu'