tomcat的部署及session绑定反代

Tomcat是由Apache软件基金会下属的Jakarta项目开发的一个Servlet容器，按照

Sun Microsystems提供的技术规范，实现了对Servlet和JavaServer Page（JSP）

的支持，并提供了作为Web服务器的一些特有功能，如Tomcat管理和控制平台、

安全局管理和Tomcat阀等。由于Tomcat本身也内含了一个HTTP服务器，它也可

以被视作一个单独的Web服务器。但是，不能将Tomcat和Apache Web服务器混

淆，Apache Web Server是一个用C语言实现的HTTP web server；这两个HTTP

web server不是捆绑在一起的。Apache Tomcat包含了一个配置管理工具，也可

以通过编辑XML格式的配置文件来进行配置。 摘自-wiki

规划
 apache + mod_jk / mod_proxy   172.16.43.1(salve1.king.com)
 jdk , tomcat                  172.16.43.2(salve2.king.com)
 jdk , tomcat                  172.16.43.3(salve2.king.com)

1 .基本配置 jdk , tomcat (slave2.king.com , slave3.king.com)

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i) 准备jdk , tomcat的bin包 jdk-7u9-linux-x64.rpm apache-tomcat-7.0.42.tar.gz # ii) 安装配置jdk rpm -ivh jdk-7u9-linux-x64.rpm vim /etc/profile.d/java.sh export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latest export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH # 退出编辑后重新执行该脚本导出环境变量 . /etc/profile.d/java.sh java --version # 可以看到如下信息 [root@slave2 ~]# java -version java version "1.7.0_09" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_09-b05) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 23.5-b02, mixed mode) # 最后利用javac编译helloworld确保成功 vim Hello.java public class Hello {   public static void main(String[] args) {     System.out.println("Hello Wolrd");   } } # 编译java代码 javac Hello.java # 运行java代码 , 注意这里是 类名 java Hello

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iii) 配置安装tomcat tar xf apache-tomcat-7.0.42.tar.gz -C /usr/local ln -sv /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.42 /usr/local/tomcat # vim /etc/init.d/tomcat #!/bin/sh # Tomcat init script for Linux. # # chkconfig: 2345 96 14 # description: The Apache Tomcat servlet/JSP container. # JAVA_OPTS='-Xms64m -Xmx128m' JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latest CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat export JAVA_HOME CATALINA_HOME # case $1 in start)   exec $CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh start ;; stop)   exec $CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh stop;; restart)   $CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh stop   sleep 2   exec $CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh start ;; *)   echo "Usage: `basename $0` {start|stop|restart}"   exit 1   ;; esac # # 编辑完毕后添加tomcat服务开机启动 chmod +x /etc/init.d/tomcat chkconfig --add tomcat chkconfig tomcat on service tomcat start

# 测试不改任何配置文件,tomcat默认监听在8080端口,直接访问

2. 反代配置 apache + mod_jk(ajp) / mod_proxy(ajp , http) + tomcat

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i) 准备apache , tomcat-connectors(mod_jk)的源码包 (salve1.king.com) # mod_proxy是apache的原生模块 httpd-2.4.9.tar.bz2 tomcat-connectors-1.2.37-src.tar.gz

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ii) 安装配置apache基于mod_jk(ajp协议)的反向代理 (salve1.king.com) 编译需要依赖 pcre-devel-7.8-6.el6.bz2  apr-1.5.0.bz2  apr-util-1.5.3.bz2 按需进行依次编译安装 tar xf pcre-devel-7.8-6.el6.bz2 cd pcre-devel-7.8-6 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre make && make install # tar xf apr-1.5.0.tar.bz2 cd apr-1.5.0 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr make && make install # tar xf apr-util-1.5.3.tar.bz2 cd apr-util-1.5.3 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr make && make install # # 安装之前请确保系统之前预装的httpd已被卸载 rpm -e httpd --nodeps tar xf httpd-2.4.9.tar.bz2 cd httpd-2.4.9 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-mpm=event --enable-proxy --enable-proxy-http --enable-proxy-ajp --enable-proxy-balancer  --enable-lbmethod-heartbeat --enable-heartbeat --enable-slotmem-shm  --enable-slotmem-plain --enable-watchdog make && make install # # 编辑/etc/httpd/httpd.conf，添加如下行即可： PidFile  "/var/run/httpd.pid" # 32行 # 将如下模块启动,否则无法启动httpd LoadModule slotmem_shm_module modules/mod_slotmem_shm.so #128 # # 启动脚本如下 vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd #!/bin/bash # # httpd        Startup script for the Apache HTTP Server # # chkconfig: - 85 15 # description: The Apache HTTP Server is an efficient and extensible  \ #          server implementing the current HTTP standards. # processname: httpd # config: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf # config: /etc/sysconfig/httpd # pidfile: /var/run/httpd/httpd.pid # . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/httpd ]; then         . /etc/sysconfig/httpd fi HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"} INITLOG_ARGS="" apachectl=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl   # 修改apachectl路径 httpd=/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd      # 修改httpd bin路径 prog=httpd pidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/httpd.pid} lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd} RETVAL=0 STOP_TIMEOUT=${STOP_TIMEOUT-10} start() {         echo -n $"Starting $prog: "         LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd $OPTIONS         RETVAL=$?         echo         [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch ${lockfile}         return $RETVAL } stop() {     echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "     killproc -p ${pidfile} -d ${STOP_TIMEOUT} $httpd     RETVAL=$?     echo     [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile} } reload() {     echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "     if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >&/dev/null; then         RETVAL=6         echo $"not reloading due to configuration syntax error"         failure $"not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntax error"     else         # Force LSB behaviour from killproc         LSB=1 killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUP         RETVAL=$?         if [ $RETVAL -eq 7 ]; then             failure $"httpd shutdown"         fi     fi     echo } # See how we were called. case "$1" in   start)     start     ;;   stop)     stop     ;;   status)         status -p ${pidfile} $httpd     RETVAL=$?     ;;   restart)     stop     start     ;;   condrestart|try-restart)     if status -p ${pidfile} $httpd >&/dev/null; then         stop         start     fi     ;;   force-reload|reload)         reload     ;;   graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus)     $apachectl $@     RETVAL=$?     ;;   *)     echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|condrestart|try-restart|force-reload|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}"     RETVAL=2 esac exit $RETVAL # # 而后为此脚本赋予执行权限： chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd # # 加入服务列表： chkconfig --add httpd # # mod_jk安装配置 tar xf tomcat-connectors-1.2.37-src.tar.gz cd tomcat-connectors-1.2.37-src/native/ ./configure --with-apxs=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs make && make install # # 启动httpd service httpd start

# httpd安装好后需要观察如下模块是否已经就绪

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iii) mod_jk(ajp协议)反代tomcat示例 (slave1.king.com) vim /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-jk.conf # Load the mod_jk LoadModule  jk_module  modules/mod_jk.so JkWorkersFile  /etc/httpd/extra/workers.properties JkLogFile  logs/mod_jk.log JkLogLevel  debug JkMount  /*  tomcat1 JkMount  /status/  stat1 # vim /etc/httpd/extra/workers.properties worker.list=tomcat1,stat1 worker.tomcat1.port=8009 worker.tomcat1.host=172.16.43.2 worker.tomcat1.type=ajp13 worker.tomcat1.lbfactor=1 worker.stat1.type = status # vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf DirectoryIndex index.jsp  # 249行 Include /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-jk.conf # 446行 # vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml (slave2.king.com , slave3.king.com) <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcat1">  # 103行 # 两个节点分别重启 httpd , tomcat 服务

# 测试, 此时基本的反代及status页面已经可以访问

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iv) mod_proxy(http协议 , ajp协议)反代tomcat示例 (salve1.king.com) # 在httpd.conf的全局配置段(Directory)或虚拟主机(VirtualHost)中添加如下内容： ProxyVia Off ProxyRequests Off ProxyPreserveHost Off <Proxy *>   Require all granted </Proxy>   ProxyPass  /  ajp://172.16.43.2:8009/   ProxyPassReverse  /  ajp://172.16.43.2:8009/ <Location  / >   Require all granted </Location> # # apache跟Tomcat的http连接器进行整合： ProxyVia Off ProxyRequests Off ProxyPass / http://172.16.100.2:8080/ ProxyPassReverse / http://172.16.100.2:8080/ <Proxy *>   Require all granted </Proxy> <Location  / >   Require all granted </Location> # # 基于session绑定均衡反代 ProxyRequests Off <proxy balancer://lbcluster> BalancerMember ajp://172.16.100.1:8009 loadfactor=10 route=tomcat1 BalancerMember ajp://172.16.100.2:8009 loadfactor=10 route=tomcat2 </proxy> # <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName www.king.com ProxyPass / balancer://lbcluster/ stickysession=JSESSIONID ProxyPassReverse / balancer://lbcluster/ </VirtualHost> # # 为tomcat建立新的webapp用于测试 (slave2.king.com , slave3.king.com) vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml <Context path="/testsession" docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/testsession" /> # 140行 # # 测试页面 (slave2.king.com) <%@ page language="java" %> <html>   <head><title>tomcat1</title></head>   <body>     <h1><font color="red">tomcat1.king.com</font></h1>     <table align="centre" border="1">       <tr>         <td>Session ID</td>     <% session.setAttribute("king.com","king.com"); %>         <td><%= session.getId() %></td>       </tr>       <tr>         <td>Created on</td>         <td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>      </tr>     </table>   </body> </html> # # 测试页面 (salve3,king.com) <%@ page language="java" %> <html>   <head><title>tomcat2</title></head>   <body>     <h1><font color="red">tomcat2.king.com</font></h1>     <table align="centre" border="1">       <tr>         <td>Session ID</td>     <% session.setAttribute("king.com","king.com"); %>         <td><%= session.getId() %></td>       </tr>       <tr>         <td>Created on</td>         <td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>      </tr>     </table>   </body> </html>

# 测试, 使用不同浏览器将访问落在不同节点上,反复刷新不变则证明sticksession成功

     本文转自My_King1 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/apprentice/1409339，如需转载请自行联系原作者