转载自,原文格式清晰: https://blog.csdn.net/dyangel2013/article/details/106304226/
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1.机器说明
| 节点 |
外网ip |
内网ip |
|
| ali-shuidi01 |
主1 |
47.114.142.232 |
172.16.94.131 |
| ali-shuidi02 |
从1 |
47.114.56.214 |
172.16.94.132 |
| ali-shuidi03 |
主2 |
47.114.130.46 |
172.16.94.133 |
| ali-shuidi04 |
从2 |
47.114.59.140 |
172.16.94.134 |
因为主2,从2,都是通过同一个镜像生成的系统,所以mysql的 server-uuid 是一样的,在配置前,需要做以下操作
重命名 /var/lib/mysql/auto.cnf 文件
mv auto.cnf auto.cnf.bak
重启mysql 重新生成 auto.cnf 文件
因为之前配置过 ali-shuidi01,ali-shuidi02的主从关系,所以先将两者之前的主从关系取消,在master1上执行
-
mysql> stop slave; -
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) -
mysql> reset master; -
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
2. master1 配置文件修改
vim /etc/my.cnf
-
#主服务器唯一ID -
server-id=1 -
#启用二进制日志 -
log-bin=mysql-bin -
# 设置不要复制的数据库(可设置多个) -
binlog-ignore-db=mysql -
binlog-ignore-db=information_schema -
binlog-ignore-db=performance_schema -
binlog-ignore-db=sys -
#设置需要复制的数据库 -
binlog-do-db=copydb2 -
#设置logbin格式 -
binlog_format=STATEMENT -
# 在作为从数据库的时候,有写入操作也要更新二进制日志文件 -
log-slave-updates -
#表示自增长字段每次递增的量,指自增字段的起始值,其默认值是1,取值范围是1 .. 65535 -
auto-increment-increment=2 -
# 表示自增长字段从哪个数开始,指字段一次递增多少,他的取值范围是1 .. 65535 -
auto-increment-offset=1
3. master2 配置文件修改
vim /etc/my.cnf
-
#主服务器唯一ID -
server-id=3 -
#启用二进制日志 -
log-bin=mysql-bin -
# 设置不要复制的数据库(可设置多个) -
binlog-ignore-db=mysql -
binlog-ignore-db=information_schema -
binlog-ignore-db=performance_schema -
binlog-ignore-db=sys -
#设置需要复制的数据库 -
binlog-do-db=copydb2 -
#设置logbin格式 -
binlog_format=STATEMENT -
# 在作为从数据库的时候,有写入操作也要更新二进制日志文件 -
log-slave-updates -
#表示自增长字段每次递增的量,指自增字段的起始值,其默认值是1,取值范围是1 .. 65535 -
auto-increment-increment=2 -
# 表示自增长字段从哪个数开始,指字段一次递增多少,他的取值范围是1 .. 65535 -
auto-increment-offset=2
4. slave1 配置文件修改
vim /etc/my.cnf
-
#从服务器唯一ID -
server-id=2 -
#启用中继日志 -
relay-log=mysql-relay
5. slave2配置文件修改
vim /etc/my.cnf
-
#从服务器唯一ID -
server-id=4 #启用中继日志 -
relay-log=mysql-relay
6. 双主机、双从机重启 mysql 服务, 主机从机都关闭防火墙
-
[[email protected] etc]# systemctl restart mysqld -
[[email protected] etc]# systemctl status mysqld -
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server -
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) -
Active: active (running) since 一 2020-03-30 20:38:23 CST; 6s ago -
Docs: man:mysqld(8) -
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html -
Process: 9985 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) -
Process: 9946 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) -
Main PID: 9990 (mysqld) -
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service -
└─9990 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid -
3月 30 20:38:22 shuidi01 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server... -
3月 30 20:38:23 shuidi01 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
-
[[email protected] etc]# systemctl restart mysqld -
[[email protected] etc]# systemctl status mysqld -
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server -
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) -
Active: active (running) since 一 2020-03-30 20:39:10 CST; 7s ago -
Docs: man:mysqld(8) -
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html -
Process: 868 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) -
Process: 845 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) -
Main PID: 873 (mysqld) -
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service -
└─873 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid -
3月 30 20:39:09 shuidi02 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server... -
3月 30 20:39:10 shuidi02 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
-
[[email protected] etc]# systemctl restart mysqld -
[[email protected] etc]# systemctl status mysqld -
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server -
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) -
Active: active (running) since 一 2020-03-30 20:39:42 CST; 5s ago -
Docs: man:mysqld(8) -
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html -
Process: 8507 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) -
Process: 8485 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) -
Main PID: 8512 (mysqld) -
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service -
└─8512 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid -
3月 30 20:39:41 shuidi03 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server... -
3月 30 20:39:42 shuidi03 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
-
[[email protected] etc]# systemctl restart mysqld -
[[email protected] etc]# systemctl status mysqld -
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server -
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) -
Active: active (running) since 一 2020-03-30 20:40:13 CST; 8s ago -
Docs: man:mysqld(8) -
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html -
Process: 8861 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) -
Process: 8839 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) -
Main PID: 8866 (mysqld) -
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service -
└─8866 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid -
3月 30 20:40:12 shuidi04 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server... -
3月 30 20:40:13 shuidi04 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
7. 在两台主机上建立帐户并授权 slave
master1:
-
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'slave'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'Zan_666888'; -
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) -
#查询Master1的状态 -
mysql> show master status; -
+------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------+-------------------+ -
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | -
+------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------+-------------------+ -
| mysql-bin.000002 | 435 | copydb2 | mysql,information_schema,performance_schema,sys | | -
+------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------+-------------------+ -
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
master2:
-
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'slave'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'Zan_666888'; -
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec) -
#查询Master2的状态 -
mysql> show master status; -
+------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------+-------------------+ -
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | -
+------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------+-------------------+ -
| mysql-bin.000001 | 435 | copydb2 | mysql,information_schema,performance_schema,sys | | -
+------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------+-------------------+ -
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
#分别记录下File和Position的值
#执行完此步骤后不要再操作主服务器MYSQL,防止主服务器状态值变化
8. 在从机上配置需要复制的主机
Slava1 复制 Master1,Slava2 复制 Master2
-
#复制主机的命令 -
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='主机的IP地址', -
MASTER_USER='slave', -
MASTER_PASSWORD='123123', -
MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.具体数字',MASTER_LOG_POS=具体值;
slave1:
-
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.16.94.131', -
MASTER_USER='slave', -
MASTER_PASSWORD='Zan_666888', -
MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000002',MASTER_LOG_POS=435;
slave2:
-
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.16.94.133', -
MASTER_USER='slave', -
MASTER_PASSWORD='Zan_666888', -
MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',MASTER_LOG_POS=435;
#启动两台从服务器复制功能
slave1:
-
mysql> start slave; -
#查看从服务器状态 -
show slave status\G;
slave2:
mysql> start slave; #查看从服务器状态 show slave status\G;
#下面两个参数都是Yes,则说明主从配置成功!
# Slave_IO_Running: Yes
# Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
9. 两个主机互相复制
Master2 复制 Master1,Master1 复制 Master2
master2:
-
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.16.94.131', -
-> MASTER_USER='slave', -
-> MASTER_PASSWORD='Zan_666888', -
-> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000002',MASTER_LOG_POS=435; -
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec) -
mysql> start slave; -
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) -
mysql> show slave status\G;
master1:
-
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.16.94.133', -
-> MASTER_USER='slave', -
-> MASTER_PASSWORD='Zan_666888', -
-> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',MASTER_LOG_POS=435; -
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec) -
mysql> start slave; -
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) -
mysql> show slave status\G;
#下面两个参数都是Yes,则说明主从配置成功!
# Slave_IO_Running: Yes
# Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
10. Master1 主机新建库、新建表、insert 记录,Master2 和从机复制
-
mysql> CREATE DATABASE copydb2; -
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) -
mysql> show databases; -
+--------------------+ -
| Database | -
+--------------------+ -
| information_schema | -
| copydb | -
| copydb2 | -
| mysql | -
| nacos_config | -
| performance_schema | -
| seata | -
| seata_account | -
| seata_order | -
| seata_storage | -
| sys | -
+--------------------+ -
11 rows in set (0.00 sec) -
mysql> use copydb2; -
Database changed -
mysql> CREATE TABLE mytbl(id INT,NAME VARCHAR(20)); -
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) -
mysql> INSERT INTO mytbl VALUES(1,'zhang3'); -
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) -
mysql> select * from mytbl; -
+------+--------+ -
| id | NAME | -
+------+--------+ -
| 1 | zhang3 | -
+------+--------+ -
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
四个节点数据均实现了同步
11.如何停止从服务复制功能
stop slave;
如何重新配置主从
stop slave; reset master;
12.修改 Mycat 的配置文件 /usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml
修改<dataHost>的balance属性,通过此属性配置读写分离的类型
负载均衡类型,目前的取值有4 种:
(1)balance="0", 不开启读写分离机制,所有读操作都发送到当前可用的 writeHost 上。
(2)balance="1",全部的 readHost 与 stand by writeHost 参与 select 语句的负载均衡,简单的说,当双主双从
模式(M1->S1,M2->S2,并且 M1 与 M2 互为主备),正常情况下,M2,S1,S2 都参与 select 语句的负载均衡。
(3)balance="2",所有读操作都随机的在 writeHost、readhost 上分发。
(4)balance="3",所有读请求随机的分发到 readhost 执行,writerHost 不负担读压力
为了双主双从读写分离balance设置为1
-
<?xml version="1.0"?> -
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd"> -
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/"> -
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn1"> -
</schema> -
<dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="host1" database="copydb2" /> -
<dataHost name="host1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" -
writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100"> -
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> -
<writeHost host="hostM1" url="172.16.94.131:3306" user="root" -
password="Zan_123456"> -
<readHost host="hostS1" url="172.16.94.132:3306" user="root" password="Zan_123456" /> -
</writeHost> -
<writeHost host="hostM2" url="172.16.94.133:3306" user="root" -
password="Zan_123456"> -
<readHost host="hostS2" url="172.16.94.134:3306" user="root" password="Zan_123456" /> -
</writeHost> -
</dataHost> -
</mycat:schema>
#balance="1": 全部的readHost与stand by writeHost参与select语句的负载均衡。
#writeType="0": 所有写操作发送到配置的第一个writeHost,第一个挂了切到还生存的第二个
#writeType="1",所有写操作都随机的发送到配置的 writeHost,1.5 以后废弃不推荐
#writeHost,重新启动后以切换后的为准,切换记录在配置文件中:dnindex.properties 。
#switchType="1": 1 默认值,自动切换。
# -1 表示不自动切换
# 2 基于 MySQL 主从同步的状态决定是否切换。
13.启动 Mycat,验证读写分离
-
[[email protected] bin]# ./mycat stop -
Stopping Mycat-server... -
Mycat-server was not running. -
[[email protected] bin]# ./mycat start -
Starting Mycat-server...
-
#登录mycat -
mysql -umycat -pzan123456 -P 8066 -h 127.0.0.1 -
#插入数据 -
mysql> show databases; -
+----------+ -
| DATABASE | -
+----------+ -
| TESTDB | -
+----------+ -
1 row in set (0.00 sec) -
mysql> use TESTDB; -
Reading table information for completion of table and column names -
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A -
Database changed -
mysql> show tables; -
+-------------------+ -
| Tables_in_copydb2 | -
+-------------------+ -
| mytbl | -
+-------------------+ -
1 row in set (0.00 sec) -
mysql> INSERT INTO mytbl VALUES(2,@@hostname); -
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) -
mysql> select * from mytbl; -
+------+----------+ -
| id | NAME | -
+------+----------+ -
| 1 | zhang3 | -
| 2 | shuidi03 | -
+------+----------+ -
2 rows in set (0.00 sec) -
mysql> select * from mytbl; -
+------+----------+ -
| id | NAME | -
+------+----------+ -
| 1 | zhang3 | -
| 2 | shuidi02 | -
+------+----------+ -
2 rows in set (0.00 sec) -
mysql> select * from mytbl; -
+------+----------+ -
| id | NAME | -
+------+----------+ -
| 1 | zhang3 | -
| 2 | shuidi04 | -
+------+----------+ -
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#在Mycat里查询mytbl表,可以看到查询语句在Master2(shuidi03)、Slava1(shuidi02)、Slava2(shuidi04)主从三个主机间切换
14.抗风险能力
#停止数据库Master1
-
[[email protected] logs]# systemctl stop mysqld -
[[email protected] logs]# systemctl status mysqld -
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server -
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) -
Active: inactive (dead) since 一 2020-03-30 21:31:28 CST; 4s ago -
Docs: man:mysqld(8) -
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html -
Process: 9985 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) -
Process: 9946 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) -
Main PID: 9990 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) -
3月 30 20:38:22 shuidi01 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server... -
3月 30 20:38:23 shuidi01 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server. -
3月 30 21:31:16 shuidi01 systemd[1]: Stopping MySQL Server... -
3月 30 21:31:28 shuidi01 systemd[1]: Stopped MySQL Server.
#在Mycat里插入数据依然成功,Master2自动切换为写主机
-
mysql> INSERT INTO mytbl VALUES(3,@@hostname); -
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) -
mysql> select * from mytbl; -
+------+----------+ -
| id | NAME | -
+------+----------+ -
| 1 | zhang3 | -
| 2 | shuidi04 | -
| 3 | shuidi04 | -
+------+----------+ -
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#启动数据库Master1
-
[[email protected] logs]# systemctl start mysqld -
[[email protected] logs]# systemctl status mysqld -
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server -
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) -
Active: active (running) since 一 2020-03-30 21:33:39 CST; 2s ago -
Docs: man:mysqld(8) -
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html -
Process: 3527 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) -
Process: 3473 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) -
Main PID: 3531 (mysqld) -
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service -
└─3531 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid -
3月 30 21:33:38 shuidi01 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server... -
3月 30 21:33:39 shuidi01 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
-
mysql> select * from mytbl; -
+------+----------+ -
| id | NAME | -
+------+----------+ -
| 1 | zhang3 | -
| 2 | shuidi01 | -
| 3 | shuidi01 | -
+------+----------+ -
3 rows in set (0.00 sec) -
mysql> select * from mytbl; -
+------+----------+ -
| id | NAME | -
+------+----------+ -
| 1 | zhang3 | -
| 2 | shuidi02 | -
| 3 | shuidi02 | -
+------+----------+ -
3 rows in set (0.00 sec) -
mysql> select * from mytbl; -
+------+----------+ -
| id | NAME | -
+------+----------+ -
| 1 | zhang3 | -
| 2 | shuidi04 | -
| 3 | shuidi04 | -
+------+----------+ -
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#在Mycat里查询mytbl表,可以看到查询语句在Master1(shuidi01)、Slava1(shuidi02)、Slava2(shuidi04)
主从三个主机间切换
Master1、Master2 互做备机,负责写的主机宕机,备机切换负责写操作,保证数据库读写分离高
可用性。