机器学习简介
machine learning :acquiring skill with experience accumulated/computed from data
such as:
ML:an alternative route to build complicated systems
机器学习是构建复杂编程系统的另一条途径,它可以应用到以下几个方面:
(1)人类不能手动编程处理某些问题的时候,例如探索者号在火星上运行时
(2)人类不能轻易地定义一些情景的时候,例如识别一棵树
(3)当需要人类快速决定的时候,例如股票交易
(4)当程序需要大规模面向用户,而用户的需求各不相同时
Give a computer a fish,you need feed it for a day;
teach it how to fish,you feed it for a lifetime.
授人以鱼不如授人以渔
使用机器学习的三个场景:
(1)exists some “underlying pattern” to be learned(潜在的模式)
-------so 'performance measure’can be improved
(2) but no programmable (easy)definition(有一定的难以具体严明的规则)
-------so ‘ML’ is needed
(3)somehow there is data about the pattern(大量的资料数据)
-------so ML has some ‘inputs’ to learn from
Practical Definition of Machine Learning:
use data to compute hypothesis g that approximates target f
机器学习:用数据取计算函数,使结果更加贴近真实值
数据挖掘:用大量数据去找到规律
人工智能:计算数据,智能化行为
统计:用数据去推论一件不知道的事