SSL会话的简化过程
(1) 客户端发送可供选择的加密方式，并向服务器请求证书；
(2) 服务器端发送证书以及选定的加密方式给客户端；
(3) 客户端取得证书并进行证书验正：
如果信任给其发证书的CA：
(a) 验正证书来源的合法性；用CA的公钥解密证书上数字签名；
(b) 验正证书的内容的合法性：完整性验正
(c) 检查证书的有效期限；
(d) 检查证书是否被吊销；
(e) 证书中拥有者的名字，与访问的目标主机要一致；
(4) 客户端生成临时会话**（对称**），并使用服务器端的公钥加密此数据发送给服务器，完成**交换；
(5) 服务用此**加密用户请求的资源，响应给客户端；
注意：SSL会话是基于IP地址创建；所以单IP的主机上，仅可以使用一个https虚拟主机；
配置httpd支持https：
1、为服务器申请数字证书；
1）创建私有CA
（1）生成私钥文件
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[[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /etc/pki/CA/private #创建私钥保存的目录
[[email protected] ~]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out /etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem 4096)
Generating RSA private key, 4096 bit long modulus....................................................................++..................................................................++e is 65537 (0x10001)[[email protected] ~]# ll /etc/pki/CA/private/ # 私钥只能自己保存，对保密性要求高
总用量 4-rw-------. 1 root root 3243 11月 15 10:34 cakey.pem |
（2）生成自签证书
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[[email protected] ~]# openssl req -new -x509 -key /etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem -out /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem -days 3650
# 如果是自请自签 加-x509 如果不是就不用加了#这个过程会自动从刚才第一步的私钥中抽取公钥#-new 生成新证书签署请求#-x509 生成自签格式证书 专用于创建私有CA时#-key 生成请求时用到的私有文件路径#-out 生成的请求文件路径 如果是自签操作将生成签署过的证书#-days 证书的有效时常 但为是day You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporatedinto your certificate request.What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blankFor some fields there will be a default value,If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN #国家
State or Province Name (full name) []:SH #省
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:SH #城市
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:DZH #公司组织
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:Ops #职位
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:ca.wlm.com #主机名
Email Address []:[email protected] #邮箱
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（3）为CA提供所需的目录和文件
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[[email protected] ~]# touch /etc/pki/CA/index.txt # 创建数据库文件
[[email protected] ~]# echo 01 > /etc/pki/CA/serial # 创建***文件并给明第一个证书的***码
[[email protected] ~]# ll /etc/pki/CA
总用量 8-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2049 11月 15 10:41 cacert.pemdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 6月 29 2015 certsdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 6月 29 2015 crl-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 11月 15 10:45 index.txtdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 6月 29 2015 newcertsdrwx------. 2 root root 22 11月 15 10:34 private-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3 11月 15 10:46 serial |
至此，私有CA创建完毕。
2）证书申请：
（1）在证书申请的主机上生成私钥
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[[email protected] ~]# cd /etc/httpd/
[[email protected] httpd]# mkdir ssl #创建保存私钥的目录
[[email protected] httpd]# cd ssl
[[email protected] ssl]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out httpd.key 2048) #生成私钥
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus......................................................+++...........................................+++e is 65537 (0x10001)[[email protected] ssl]# ll
总用量 4-rw-------. 1 root root 1675 11月 15 11:05 httpd.key |
（2）生成证书签署请求
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[[email protected] ssl]# openssl req -new -key httpd.key -out httpd.csr -days 365 # 在本地生成
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporatedinto your certificate request.What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blankFor some fields there will be a default value,If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN State or Province Name (full name) []:SHLocality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:SHOrganization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:DZHOrganizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:Ops Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:www.wlm.com
Email Address []:mail.wlm.comPlease enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate requestA challenge password []: #密码可以不设置
An optional company name []: |
（3）把请求发送给CA
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[[email protected] ssl]# scp httpd.csr [email protected]:/tmp/ # 10.10.10.3位CA主机
# 将请求签发的证书发个证书服务器，我们这里是同一台机器模拟了证书服务器和申请签发的客户机The authenticity of host '10.10.10.3 (10.10.10.3)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is 93:b6:c3:bf:a6:51:a7:4a:be:0c:14:93:ab:86:a1:56.Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '10.10.10.3' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]'s password: httpd.csr 100% 1025 1.0KB/s 00:0
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(4）CA签发证书（在CA10.10.10.3主机上操作）
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[[email protected] tmp]# openssl ca -in /tmp/httpd.csr -out /etc/pki/CA/certs/httpd.crt -days 365
# 签发证书，有效期为一年Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Check that the request matches the signatureSignature okCertificate Details: Serial Number: 1 (0x1)
Validity
Not Before: Nov 15 03:15:54 2016 GMT
Not After : Nov 15 03:15:54 2017 GMT
Subject:
countryName = CN
stateOrProvinceName = SH
organizationName = DZH
organizationalUnitName = Ops
commonName = www.wlm.com
emailAddress = mail.wlm.com
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Basic Constraints:
CA:FALSE
Netscape Comment:
OpenSSL Generated Certificate
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
49:7A:99:41:6E:72:27:8F:B8:F0:C3:77:6C:B8:8B:C0:9F:C7:7D:2A
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
keyid:A8:28:9A:3B:91:A9:4C:90:A4:08:3D:79:34:0D:D3:19:0E:68:6F:1A
Certificate is to be certified until Nov 15 03:15:54 2017 GMT (365 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entriesData Base Updated[[email protected] tmp]# cd /etc/pki/CA/
[[email protected] CA]# ls
cacert.pem crl index.txt.attr newcerts serialcerts index.txt index.txt.old private serial.old[[email protected] CA]# cat index.txt #查看第一个签发的证书
V 171115031554Z 01 unknown /C=CN/ST=SH/O=DZH/OU=Ops/CN=www.wlm.com/emailAddress=mail.wlm.com
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（5）把签署好的证书发还给请求者
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[[email protected] CA]#
[[email protected] CA]# pwd
/etc/pki/CA[[email protected] CA]# scp certs/httpd.crt [email protected]:/etc/httpd/ssl/ # 发送证书
[email protected]'s password: httpd.crt 100% 5781 5.7KB/s 00:00
[[email protected] CA]# ls /etc/httpd/ssl/
httpd.crt httpd.csr httpd.key [email protected] # 查看已经签发好的证书
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2、配置httpd支持使用ssl，及使用的证书；
（1）安装支持ssl的模块
[[email protected] CA]# yum install -y mod_ssl
（2）修改配置文件
vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf <VirtualHost _default_:443> DocumentRoot "/var/www/html" ServerName www.wlm.com:443 SSLCertificateFile /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.key
(3) 测试基于https访问相应的主机；
重启httpd服务之后通过浏览器验证
关于httpd的配置，见http://afterdawn.blog.51cto.com/7503144/1873617
openssl详解见：http://afterdawn.blog.51cto.com/7503144/1872753
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/afterdawn/1875173