什么是GSM（全球移动通信系统）？

GSM or Global System for Mobile Communications is a standard and infrastructure used for mobile phone communication. GSM is a standard which is created by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). It is also called as second-generation or 2G.

GSM或Global System for Mobile Communications是用于移动电话通信的标准和基础结构。 GSM是由European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)创建的European Telecommunications Standards Institute 。 也称为第二代或2G。

GSM历史 (GSM History)

GSM has a history of about 29 years where it is first deployed in Finland in December 1991 and became a global standard in 2010 with %90 market shares and implementation over 193 countries.

GSM已有29年的历史，它于1991年12月在芬兰首次部署，并于2010年成为全球标准，拥有90％的市场份额，并在193个国家中实施。

• In 1983 the standard of the standard development with the name of Groupe Special Mobile.
  1983年，该标准的制定被命名为Groupe Special Mobile。
• In 1987, 13 European countries signed to deploy and operate a common cellular telephone system across Europe which is the GSM standard.
  1987年，有13个欧洲国家签署了在整个欧洲部署和运行通用电话系统的标准GSM标准。
• With its open and unified form, GSM is then deployed in the USA.
  GSM以其开放和统一的形式在美国部署。
• In 1986 the 900 MHz band is reserved to be used for the GSM standard and deployment.
  1986年，900 MHz频段被保留用于GSM标准和部署。
• The first GSM call made by Finnish prime minister Harri Holkeri on July 1 1991 where the network was built by Nokia and Siemens.
  芬兰总理哈里·霍尔克里(Harri Holkeri)于1991年7月1日进行了第一次GSM通话，该网络由诺基亚和西门子公司建立。
• In 1993 the 1800MHz is used for GSM in the UK.
  在1993年，1800MHz用于英国的GSM。
• In 1995 fax, data, and SMS messaging services were launched commercially.
  在1995年，传真，数据和SMS消息传递服务开始商业化。
• Worldwide GSM subscribers passed 100 million in 1998.
  1998年，全球GSM用户超过1亿。
• GPRS (internet access) first launched in 2000 commercially.
  GPRS(互联网访问)于2000年首次投入商业运营。
• GSM usage exceeded 1 billion in 2004.
  GSM在2004年的使用量已超过10亿。
• HSPA or High-Speed Packet Access technology provided for GSM users to connect the internet with high speeds.
  为GSM用户提供的HSPA或高速分组访问技术可高速连接互联网。
• The GSM subscribers exceeded 3 billion in 2008.
  GSM用户在2008年突破30亿。
• Counties like Australia, United Stated, Singapore started to shutdown GSM or 2G networks with the popularity of the new generation mobile networks like 3G and 4G in 2016.
  随着2016年3G和4G等新一代移动网络的普及，澳大利亚，美国，新加坡等县开始关闭GSM或2G网络。

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GSM体系结构和组件 (GSM Architecture and Components)

GSM consist of a complex architecture with multiple components. Followin picture depicts a genetic GSM architecture with different components like Mobile Equipment, SIM, BTS MSC etc.

GSM由具有多个组件的复杂体系结构组成。 下图描绘了具有不同组件(例如移动设备，SIM，BTS MSC等)的遗传GSM体系结构。

GSM Architecture and Components

GSM体系结构和组件

Mobile Station or MB consist of multiple components like User Equipment,SIM Card , Mobile Equipment.

Mobile Station或MB由多个组件组成，例如User Equipment ， SIM Card ， Mobile Equipment 。

Mobile Equipment is the mobile devices which is generally a mobile phone but alternatively a table ot laptop.

Mobile Equipment是通常是移动电话但还是台式笔记本电脑的移动设备。

SIM is the SIM card which is used to connect the GSM network BTS.

SIM卡是用于连接GSM网络BTS的SIM卡。

Base Transceiver Station or BTS is the first hop to connect a GSM network which is located densly to provide the GSM network to the Mobile stations or mobile phones.

Base Transceiver Station或BTS是连接GSM网络的第一跳，该GSM网络位于密集的位置，以向移动站或移动电话提供GSM网络。

Base Station Controller is the second hop whre BTS connected to the core phone network.

Base Station Controller是连接到核心电话网络的第二跳基站。

GPRS is used to provide internet access for the GMS network for the Mobile stations.

GPRS用于为移动站的GMS网络提供Internet访问。

Base Transceiver Station or BTS

基地收发站或BTS

GSM与CDMA (GSM vs CDMA)

GSM and CDMA generally compared with each other. Both are used to connect mobile devices into a mobile phone network with internet connection. Below we will compare similarities and diffrencies between these two standards GSM and CDMA.

GSM和CDMA通常相互比较。 两者都用于通过Internet连接将移动设备连接到手机网络。 下面我们将比较这两个标准GSM和CDMA之间的异同。

• GSM is called as 2nd generation or 2G where CDMA is called as 3rd generation or 3G.
  GSM被称为第二代或2G，而CDMA被称为第三代或3G。
• GSM provides lower internet connection speed where CDMA provides higher internet connection speeds.
  GSM提供较低的Internet连接速度，而CDMA提供较高的Internet连接速度。
• In GSM standard the mobile phone number is linked into SIM card where in CDMA standard mobile phone number is embedded into the mobile phone.
  在GSM标准中，手机号码链接到SIM卡，而在CDMA标准中，手机号码嵌入到手机中。
• GSM standard provides better international roaming where CDMA is less flexible for roaming in different countries.
  GSM标准提供了更好的国际漫游，而CDMA在不同国家漫游的灵活性较差。
• Network covarage is the same for both GSM and CDMA standard which is mainly realted with the BTS count and density. But GSM is mostly vanished by the mobile phone network operators.
  GSM和CDMA标准的网络covarage相同，主要体现在BTS数量和密度上。 但是GSM大部分已被手机网络运营商淘汰。

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