大纲
一、前言
二、环境配置
三、Cobbler 安装
四、Cobbler 配置详解
注，操作系统 CentOS 6.4 x86_64，软件版本 Cobbler-2.4.0-1。（目前最新版）
一、前言
在上一篇博客中（http://freeloda.blog.51cto.com/2033581/1319695）我们主要讲解与Cobbler相关的基础知识，在一篇博客中我们主要中大家来说一下Cobbler安装与配置，并且详细说一下Cobbler命令的使用。好了，废话不多说下面直接上干货。
二、环境配置
1.实验拓扑
2.安装yum源
[[email protected] ~]# rpm -ivh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm Retrieving http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm warning: /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.z0cbxV: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 0608b895: NOKEY Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:epel-release ########################################### [100%]
3.同步系统时间
[[email protected] ~]# yum install -y ntp [[email protected] ~]# ntpdate 202.120.2.101 4 Nov 13:49:41 ntpdate[1190]: step time server 202.120.2.101 offset 388653.714776 sec [[email protected] ~]# hwclock -w
4.关闭防火墙与SELinux
[[email protected] ~]# service iptables stop [[email protected] ~]# chkconfig iptables off [[email protected] ~]# getenforce Disabled
三、Cobbler 安装
1.Cobbler运行所需基础包
[[email protected] ~]# yum install -y cobbler tftp dhcp httpd cman pykickstart debmirror
2.Cobblerf所需环境支持包
[[email protected] ~]# yum install -y ed patch perl perl-Compress-Zlib perl-Digest-SHA1 perl-LockFile-Simple perl-libwww-perl
3.将所有服务加入开机自启动并启动相关服务
[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig httpd on [[email protected] ~]# chkconfig dhcpd on [[email protected] ~]# chkconfig xinetd on [[email protected] ~]# chkconfig cobblerd on [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# service httpd start 正在启动 httpd：httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using node2.test.com for ServerName [确定] [[email protected] ~]# service cobblerd start Starting cobbler daemon: [确定]
4.修改apache相关配置并重新启动
注，从上面的启动信息可以看出apache启动有点小错误，我们来修正一下。
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf #增加一行 ServerName localhost:80 [[email protected] ~]# service httpd restart 停止 httpd： [确定] 正在启动 httpd： [确定]
5.运行Cobbler检查命令
[[email protected] ~]# cobbler check The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix: 1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it. 2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network. 3 : some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements. 4 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/rsync 5 : comment out 'dists' on /etc/debmirror.conf for proper debian support 6 : comment out 'arches' on /etc/debmirror.conf for proper debian support 7 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
注，从上面的执行结果来看上面有7处错误，下面我们来解决一下。
(1).错误1，修改/etc/cobbler/settings 里面的 server 为Cobbler Server的IP地址 ；
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings server: 192.168.18.202
(2).错误2，修改/etc/cobbler/settings 里面的 next_serverw 为本机的 ip；
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings next_server: 192.168.18.202
(3).错误3，据说这个错误可以忽略，有强迫完美运行症的人士可以运行以下命令来解决；
[[email protected] ~]# cobbler get-loaders task started: 2013-11-04_143149_get_loaders task started (id=Download Bootloader Content, time=Mon Nov 4 14:31:49 2013) downloading http://www.cobblerd.org/loaders/README to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/README downloading http://www.cobblerd.org/loaders/COPYING.elilo to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.elilo downloading http://www.cobblerd.org/loaders/COPYING.yaboot to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.yaboot downloading http://www.cobblerd.org/loaders/COPYING.syslinux to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.syslinux downloading http://www.cobblerd.org/loaders/elilo-3.8-ia64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/elilo-ia64.efi downloading http://www.cobblerd.org/loaders/yaboot-1.3.14-12 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot downloading http://www.cobblerd.org/loaders/pxelinux.0-3.61 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 downloading http://www.cobblerd.org/loaders/menu.c32-3.61 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 downloading http://www.cobblerd.org/loaders/grub-0.97-x86.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi downloading http://www.cobblerd.org/loaders/grub-0.97-x86_64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi *** TASK COMPLETE ***
(4).错误4，修改/etc/xinetd.d/tftp 把'disable' 修改为'no'；修改/etc/xinetd.d/rsync 把'disable' 修改为'no'；
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp disable = no [[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/rsync disable = no
注，启动xinetd服务。
[[email protected] ~]# service xinetd start 正在启动 xinetd： [确定]
(5).错误5与错误6，debmmirror有错误；
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/debmirror.conf #注释掉@dists="sid"与@arches="i386即可 #@dists="sid"; #@arches="i386";
(6).错误7，设置默认root密码；
注，刚接触Cobbler的博友会问，这个密码是什么密码。有的博友系统安装好了会问，root密码是什么。这里设置的就是客户端安装好系统的root密码。
#生成你想要的密码的加密字符串,然后复制运行命令之后的加密代码；
[[email protected] ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt 'hahaha' '123456' $1$hahaha$hSxFjZSHRoiEn4DYrrGUI.
#然后替换/etc/cobbler/settings 中选项双引号中的加密代码；
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings default_password_crypted: "$1$hahaha$hSxFjZSHRoiEn4DYrrGUI."
6.重新启动Cobbler并运行检查命令
[[email protected] ~]# service cobblerd restart Stopping cobbler daemon: [确定] Starting cobbler daemon: [确定] [[email protected] ~]# cobbler check No configuration problems found. All systems go.
好了，到这里我们Cobbler安装就全部完成了，最后我们来查看一下启动的端口。
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -ntulp Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1011/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1087/master tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6010 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1126/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6011 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1607/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25151 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 12677/python tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 1696/httpd tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1011/sshd tcp 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1087/master tcp 0 0 ::1:6010 :::* LISTEN 1126/sshd tcp 0 0 ::1:6011 :::* LISTEN 1607/sshd tcp 0 0 :::873 :::* LISTEN 12747/xinetd udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:69 0.0.0.0:* 12747/xinetd
四、Cobbler 配置详解
主要的 Cobbler 配置文件是 /etc/cobbler/settings。使用文本编辑器打开这个文件，并设置以下选项：
manage_dhcp：1
manage_dns：1
manage_tftpd：1
restart_dhcp：1
restart_dns：1
pxe_just_once：1
next_server：<服务器的 IP 地址>
server：<服务器的 IP 地址>
选项 manage_* 和 restart_* 无需加以说明。选项 next_server 用在 DHCP 配置文件中，向客户端告知提供引导文件的服务器地址。选项 server 在客户端安装期间用于引用 Cobbler 服务器地址。最后，选项 pxe_just_once 预防将机器中的安装循环配置为始终从网络引导。**此选项时，机器告诉 Cobbler 安装已完成。Cobbler 将系统对象的 netboot 标志更改为 false，这会强制机器从本地磁盘引导。好了，下面我们配置并管理dhcp服务与http服务。
1.让Cobbler来管理DHCP服务器
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings manage_dhcp: 1
2.修改DHCP模板
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template subnet 192.168.18.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { option routers 192.168.18.254; option domain-name-servers 8.8.8.8; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; range dynamic-bootp 192.168.18.221 192.168.18.225; filename "/pxelinux.0"; default-lease-time 21600; max-lease-time 43200; next-server $next_server; }
3.重新启动Cobbler服务
[[email protected] ~]# service cobblerd restart Stopping cobbler daemon: [确定] Starting cobbler daemon: [确定]
4.编辑/etc/httpd/conf.d/wsgi.conf 去掉注释
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/wsgi.conf LoadModule wsgi_module modules/mod_wsgi.so
5.完成后一定要运行cobbler sync 命令让配置生效，使dhcp、http被cobbler接管，不然会报错。
[[email protected] ~]# cobbler sync task started: 2013-11-04_164727_sync task started (id=Sync, time=Mon Nov 4 16:47:27 2013) running pre-sync triggers cleaning trees removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/p_w_picpaths removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list copying bootloaders trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi copying distros to tftpboot copying p_w_picpaths generating PXE configuration files generating PXE menu structure rendering DHCP files generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf rendering TFTPD files generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp cleaning link caches running post-sync triggers running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/* running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services running: dhcpd -t -q received on stdout: received on stderr: running: service dhcpd restart received on stdout: 关闭 dhcpd：[确定] 正在启动 dhcpd：[确定] received on stderr: running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/* running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/* running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/* *** TASK COMPLETE ***
好了，到这里我们的Cobbler安装与配置就讲解完成了，我们在下一篇博客中将讲解Cobbler管理与使用详解。最后，希望大家有所收获^_^……
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/freeloda/1320090