Technical or not most of the people know the router word. Those who know the router can understand a different thing from the word. In this tutorial, we will try to explain what is a router in a technical and non-technical way with router functions, router types and router security.
技术人员或大多数人都不知道路由器字。 那些了解路由器的人可以用这个词来理解另一件事。 在本教程中，我们将尝试以技术和非技术的方式，通过路由器功能，路由器类型和路由器安全性来解释什么是路由器。
什么是路由器？ (What is a Router For?)
A router is a device which will connect different networks and the internet together. Typical router consists of some software, firmware, and hardware. As stated router main function is routing communication data between networks in order to deliver to the destination.
路由器是将不同网络和互联网连接在一起的设备。 典型的路由器由一些软件，固件和硬件组成。 如前所述，路由器的主要功能是在网络之间路由通信数据，以便传递到目的地。
路由器功能 (Router Functions)
In this part, we will list router functions which are generally provided by most of the router.
在这一部分中，我们将列出大多数路由器通常提供的路由器功能。
- Routing is the main function of the routers. Routing function will route and deliver IP packets from the source to the destination. For example, If we want to surf the www.poftut.com the router will route our HTTP request to the www.poftut.com server from our current local home or work network. 路由是路由器的主要功能。 路由功能将路由IP数据包并将其从源路由到目标。 例如，如果我们要浏览www.poftut.com，路由器将把HTTP请求从当前的本地家庭或工作网络路由到www.poftut.com服务器。
- Switching is used to switch IP packets from the current point or hop to the next hop. Switching will generally useful if we want to communicate PC, Laptop, Phone, TV in the local network. 交换用于将IP数据包从当前点或跃点切换到下一跃点。 如果我们要在本地网络中通信PC，笔记本电脑，电话，电视，切换通常会很有用。
- DNS Server function provides the name to IP resolutions. As human beings, we use web sites domain names like www.poftut.com but interwork on IP addresses like 12.44.52.67 and DNS is used to convert domain names to the IP addresses. DNS服务器功能提供IP解析的名称。 作为人类，我们使用网站域名(例如www.poftut.com)，但使用IP地址(例如12.44.52.67)和DNS进行交互操作，以将域名转换为IP地址。
- DHCP Server is another crucial function provided by the router. DHCP is used to provide an IP address to the hosts like PC, Laptop, Phone, TV etc automatically. When we connect to a router network via cable or wireless DHCP will provide us an IP automatically. DHCP服务器是路由器提供的另一个关键功能。 DHCP用于自动向PC，笔记本电脑，电话，电视等主机提供IP地址。 当我们通过电缆或无线连接到路由器网络时，DHCP将自动为我们提供IP。
硬件组件(Hardware Components)
There are different types of routers used in different environments. They may have same or different hardware components.
在不同的环境中使用不同类型的路由器。 它们可能具有相同或不同的硬件组件。
主板 (Mainboard)
Mainboards the base part of the router hardware. Every other component is connected to the mainboard. Mainboard runs the operating system and most of the function logic.
主板是路由器硬件的基础部分。 每个其他组件都连接到主板。 主板运行操作系统和大多数功能逻辑。
LAN以太网/ RJ45端口 (LAN Ethernet/RJ45 Port)
LAN/Ethernet/RJ 45 port is used to connect devices to the mainboard. These ports are used to plug cable where other side of the cable is connected to the hosts like PC, Laptop, TV etc.
LAN / Ethernet / RJ 45端口用于将设备连接至主板。 这些端口用于将电缆的另一端连接到PC，笔记本电脑，电视等主机的电缆。
WAN以太网/ RJ45端口(WAN Ethernet/RJ45 Port)
WAN Ethernet port is almost the same with the LAN ethernet port where WAN is used to connect to the remote like ISP, Internet or other locations.
WAN以太网端口与用于将WAN连接到ISP，Internet或其他位置的远程端口的LAN以太网端口几乎相同。
串行端口(Serial Port)
The serial port is used to configure and manage the router device. Generally, RS4XX protocols are used to connect the router.
串行端口用于配置和管理路由器设备。 通常，RS4XX协议用于连接路由器。
天线 (Antenna)
In-home routers antenna is directly connected to the router where WiFi or Wireless is broadcasted. In general 2 antennas are used but to make WiFi speed and coverage higher more than 2 antennas can be used.
家用路由器天线直接连接到广播WiFi或无线的路由器。 通常使用2根天线，但是要使WiFi速度和覆盖范围更高，可以使用2根以上的天线。
路由器类型(Router Types)
As stated in the previous part there are different type of routers. We can use a router in our home or hotel but also in the enterprise. The features, performance, price and hardware component of the router changes according to the usage requirements.
如前所述，路由器的类型不同。 我们可以在家庭或酒店中使用路由器，也可以在企业中使用路由器。 路由器的功能，性能，价格和硬件组件根据使用要求而变化。
- Home Routers are designed the simples type of router. It just used to connect users to the internet. They are a single board where 3-5 LAN, WAN ports with multiple antennae exist 家用路由器被设计为简单类型的路由器。 它只是用来将用户连接到互联网。 它们是一块单板，其中存在3-5个具有多个天线的LAN，WAN端口
- Small and Medium Enterprise Routers are designed to the similar Home routers where they can provide some security functions and features to protect users中小型企业路由器是为类似的家用路由器设计的，它们可以提供一些安全功能和特性来保护用户
- Enterprise Routers are designed to provide performance and reliability. They cost a lot more than another type of routers. They also do not provide integrated wireless antennas. They are reliable to work the whole day for years without interruption. 企业路由器旨在提供性能和可靠性。 它们的成本比其他类型的路由器高得多。 它们也不提供集成的无线天线。 他们可靠地整天工作多年，不会中断。
购买路由器时，请考虑以下问题 (When Buying Router Consider Following Issues)
- User/Device Count用户/设备数
- Performance Requirements性能要求
- Wireless无线
- LAN/WAN Speed局域网/广域网速度
- WAN Connection TypeWAN连接类型
翻译自: https://www.poftut.com/what-is-a-router-tips-for-buying-routers-and-how-does-it-work/