Halcon 例程——Atom
这个例程的目的是使用算子来找出结构不规则的原则，其中涉及到一些算子：
crop_rectangle1:从图像中截取矩形图像
gauss_filter:高斯滤波
watersheds:图像分水岭算法
smallest_rectangle1:平行于坐标轴的最小外接矩形
Part Ⅰ 初始化程序
dev_update_off ()
dev_close_window ()
dev_set_draw ('margin')
dev_set_line_width (2)
都是基本的语句，其中例程中有一句：dev_update_window ('off') 意为不自动更新窗口，如果需要显示则必须调用dev_display，但是若将其设置为’ on ’ ,无明显变化。但是设置为’ off '可以显著降低运算时间。
Part Ⅱ 图像预处理
首先是读入图像，然后经过观察其图像下方有不规则区域，于是为了减少计算量，我们使用 crop_rectangle1 算子来提取下半部分进行处理。
read_image (Image, 'atoms') *读取图像
get_image_size (Image, Width, Height) *获取图像大小
crop_rectangle1 (Image, Image, Height / 2, 0, Height - 1, Width - 1) *裁剪区域
crop_rectangle1(Image : ImagePart : Row1, Column1, Row2, Column2 : ) 上一步的操作为获取图像大小，这个算子的参数即Image为输入图像，ImagePart 为输出图像，Row1，Column1为起始的左上角行列坐标，Row2，Column2为起始的右下角行列坐标。
其中在自己实现的时候，我将crop_rectangle1输入为crop_part，于是变成了截取相应的图像中相应的区域，而不是截取图像生成新的图像。crop_rectangle1后产生的图像为416X356，而crop_part后为416X710。由于误输入，产生的图像下半部分为黑色，怀疑为dev_update_window ('off') 有问题，经过多次排错，才发现这样的低级问题。
get_image_size (Image, Width, Height) *获取图片的大小
dev_open_window_fit_image (Image, 0, 0, -1, -1, WindowID) *打开一个适合图片的窗口
set_display_font (WindowID, 14, 'mono', 'true', 'false') *设置字体
dev_set_draw ('margin') *描绘边缘
dev_set_line_width (2) *设置字宽
dev_display (Image) *显示图片
disp_message (WindowID, 'Original image', 'window', 12, 12, 'black', 'true') *显示信息
disp_continue_message (WindowID, 'black', 'true') *显示继续
stop ()
Part Ⅲ 图像分割
* ****
* Segment image
* ****
* -> Using watershed
gauss_filter (Image, ImageGauss, 5) *高斯滤波
watersheds (ImageGauss, Basins, Watersheds) *分水岭算法
dev_display (Image) *显示图片
dev_set_colored (12) * 使用多种颜色输出
dev_display (Watersheds) *显示图片
disp_message (WindowID, 'Watersheds', 'window', 12, 12, 'black', 'true') *显示信息
disp_continue_message (WindowID, 'black', 'true') *显示信息
stop ()
在使用watersheds时最好预先使用平滑算子（例如 binomial_filter or gauss_filter算子进行平滑）以减少输出区域的数目。
Part Ⅳ 处理区域操作
smallest_rectangle1 (Basins, Row1, Column1, Row2, Column2) *水平方向求出最小外接矩形
select_shape (Basins, SelectedRegions1, 'column1', 'and', 2, Width - 1)
select_shape (SelectedRegions1, SelectedRegions2, 'row1', 'and', 2, Height - 1)
select_shape (SelectedRegions2, SelectedRegions3, 'column2', 'and', 1, Width - 3)
select_shape (SelectedRegions3, Inner, 'row2', 'and', 1, Height - 3) *以上选择形状操作为去除边缘部分（因为受图片边缘影响为不规则矩形）
* -> Select irregularly shaped atoms
select_shape (Inner, Irregular, ['moments_i1','moments_i1'], 'or', [0,9.5e8], [1.5e8,1e10])*选出不规则矩形的形状 （moments_i1 几何矩）
dev_display (Image)
dev_set_line_width (1)
dev_set_color ('white')
dev_display (Inner)
dev_set_line_width (3)
dev_set_color ('red')
dev_display (Irregular)
disp_message (WindowID, 'Defects', 'window', 12, 12, 'black', 'true')
以下转自：http://www.cnblogs.com/iluzhiyong/p/4857877.html
Region特征一览：
| 特征 | 英 | 译 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|
| area | Area of the object | 对象的面积 | |
| row | Row index of the center | 中心点的行坐标 | |
| column | Column index of the center | 中心点的列坐标 | |
| width | Width of the region | 区域的宽度 | |
| height | Height of the region | 区域的高度 | |
| row1 | Row index of upper left corner | 左上角行坐标 | |
| column1 | Column index of upper left corner | 左上角列坐标 | |
| row2 | Row index of lower right corner | 右下角行坐标 | |
| column2 | Column index of lower right corner | 右下角列坐标 | |
| circularity | Circularity | 圆度 | 0~1 |
| compactness | Compactness | 紧密度 | 0~1 |
| contlength | Total length of contour | 轮廓线总长 | |
| convexity | Convexity | 凸性 | |
| rectangularity | Rectangularity | 矩形度 | 0~1 |
| ra | Main radius of the equivalent ellipse | 等效椭圆长轴半径长度 | |
| rb | Secondary radius of the equivalent ellipse | 等效椭圆短轴半径长度 | |
| phi | Orientation of the equivalent ellipse | 等效椭圆方向 | |
| anisometry | Anisometry | 椭圆参数，Ra/Rb长轴与短轴的比值 | |
| bulkiness | Bulkiness | 椭圆参数，蓬松度πRaRb/A | |
| struct_factor | Structur Factor | 椭圆参数，Anisometry*Bulkiness-1 | |
| outer_radius | Radius of smallest surrounding circle | 最小外接圆半径 | |
| inner_radius | Radius of largest inner circle | 最大内接圆半径 | |
| inner_width | Width of the largest axis-parallel rectangle that fits into the region | 最大内接矩形宽度 | |
| inner_height | Height of the largest axis-parallel rectangle that fits into the region | 最大内接矩形高度 | |
| dist_mean | Mean distance from the region border to the center | 区域边界到中心的平均距离 | |
| dist_deviation | Deviation of the distance from the region border from the center | 区域边界到中心距离的偏差 | |
| roundness | Roundness | 圆度，与circularity计算方法不同 | |
| num_sides | Number of polygon sides | 多边形边数 | |
| connect_num | Number of connection components | 连通数 | |
| holes_num | Number of holes | 区域内洞数 | |
| area_holes | Area of the holes of the object | 所有洞的面积 | |
| max_diameter | Maximum diameter of the region | 最大直径 | |
| orientation | Orientation of the region | 区域方向 | |
| euler_number | Euler number | 欧拉数，即连通数和洞数的差 | |
| rect2_phi | Orientation of the smallest surrounding rectangle | 最小外接矩形的方向 | |
| rect2_len1 | Half the length of the smallest surrounding rectangle | 最小外接矩形长度的一半？？ | smallest_rectangle2 |
| rect2_len2 | Half the width of the smallest surrounding rectangle | 最小外接矩形宽度的一半 | |
| moments_m11 | Geometric moments of the region | 几何矩 | |
| moments_m20 | Geometric moments of the region | 几何矩 | |
| moments_m02 | Geometric moments of the region | 几何矩 | |
| moments_ia | Geometric moments of the region | 几何矩 | |
| moments_ib | Geometric moments of the region | 几何矩 | |
| moments_m11_invar | Geometric moments of the region | 几何矩 | |
| moments_m20_invar | Geometric moments of the region | 几何矩 | |
| moments_m02_invar | Geometric moments of the region | 几何矩 | |
| moments_phi1 | Geometric moments of the region | 几何矩 | |
| moments_phi2 | Geometric moments of the region | 几何矩 | |
| moments_m21 | Geometric moments of the region | 几何矩 | |
| moments_m12 | Geometric moments of the region | 几何矩 | |
| moments_m03 | Geometric moments of the region | 几何矩 | |
| moments_m30 | Geometric moments of the region | 几何矩 | |
| moments_m21_invar | Geometric moments of the region | 几何矩 | |
| moments_m12_invar | Geometric moments of the region | 几何矩 | |
| moments_m03_invar | Geometric moments of the region | 几何矩 | |
| moments_m30_invar | Geometric moments of the region | 几何矩 | |
| moments_i1 | Geometric moments of the region | 几何矩 | |
| moments_i2 | Geometric moments of the region | 几何矩 | |
| moments_i3 | Geometric moments of the region | 几何矩 | |
| moments_i4 | Geometric moments of the region | 几何矩 | |
| moments_psi1 | Geometric moments of the region | 几何矩 | |
| moments_psi2 | Geometric moments of the region | 几何矩 | |
| moments_psi3 | Geometric moments of the region | 几何矩 | |
| moments_psi4 | Geometric moments of the region | 几何矩 |