spring 线程安全问题
一直有个疑惑,spring是怎么处理自己的线程安全问题的呢,这里简单说明下。
1、介绍两个概念
有状态的bean:对象中有实例变量(成员变量),可以保存数据,是非线程安全的。
无状态的bean:对象中没有实例变量(成员变量),不能保存数据,可以在多线程环境下共享,是线程安全的。
2、spring的线程安全问题
2.1 我们都知道spring中的bean默认都是单例的,ioc容器中一个类只会存在一个实例对象。这种设计是怎么保证线程安全的?
一般不会出现线程安全问题。在spring中,绝大部分bean都是无状态的,因此即使这些bean默认是单例的,也不会出现线程安全问题的。比如controller、service、dao这些类,这些类里面通常不会含有成员变量,因此它们被设计成单例的。如果这些类中定义了实例变量,就线程不安全了,所以尽量避免定义实例变量。
2.2 对于spring中有状态的bean,比如RequestContextHolder、TransactionSynchronizationManager、LocaleContextHolder,为什么也能够设计成单例的呢?它是怎么保证线程安全的?
对于有状态的bean,spring采用ThreadLocal进行处理,使它们成为线程安全可以共享的对象。
对于有状态的bean,也可以使用原型模式(prototype),每次使用时都会重新生成一个对象,解决了线程不安全的问题。
ps:无状态的Bean适合使用不变模式,即单例模式,这样可以共享实例,提高性能。有状态的Bean,多线程环境下不安全,适合使用Prototype原型模式。Prototype: 每次对bean的请求都会创建一个新的bean实例。
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作者:zhanyu1
来源:CSDN
原文:https://blog.csdn.net/zhanyu1/article/details/82634376
版权声明:本文为博主原创文章,转载请附上博文链接!
ThreadLocal 为什么能保证线程安全 ?
https://blog.csdn.net/zhou2s_101216/article/details/80008387
http://www.importnew.com/22039.html
Spring 中的Bean 默认单例
/**
* Return the (raw) singleton object registered under the given name.
* <p>Checks already instantiated singletons and also allows for an early
* reference to a currently created singleton (resolving a circular reference).
* @param beanName the name of the bean to look for
* @param allowEarlyReference whether early references should be created or not
* @return the registered singleton object, or {@code null} if none found
*/
protected Object getSingleton(String beanName, boolean allowEarlyReference) {
Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
if (singletonObject == null && isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
singletonObject = this.earlySingletonObjects.get(beanName);
if (singletonObject == null && allowEarlyReference) {
ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory = this.singletonFactories.get(beanName);
if (singletonFactory != null) {
singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject();
this.earlySingletonObjects.put(beanName, singletonObject);
this.singletonFactories.remove(beanName);
}
}
}
}
return (singletonObject != NULL_OBJECT ? singletonObject : null);
}
从上面代码可以看到,spring依赖注入时,使用了双重判断加锁的单例模式,首先从缓存中获取bean实例,如果为null,对缓存map加锁,然后再从缓存中获取bean,如果继续为null,就创建一个bean。这样双重判断,能够避免在加锁的瞬间,有其他依赖注入引发bean实例的创建,从而造成重复创建的结果。
在这里Spring并没有使用私有构造方法来创建bean,而是通过singletonFactory.getObject()返回具体beanName对应的ObjectFactory来创建bean。我们一路跟踪下去,发现实际上是调用了AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory的doCreateBean方法,返回了BeanWrapper包装并创建的bean实例。
(ObjectFactory主要检查是否有用户定义的BeanPostProcessor后处理内容,并在创建bean时进行处理,如果没有,就直接返回bean本身)
见如下代码:
512行创建bean实例返回给BeanWrapper
540行addSingletonFactory增加beanName和ObjectFactory的键值对应关系。
/**
* Actually create the specified bean. Pre-creation processing has already happened
* at this point, e.g. checking {@code postProcessBeforeInstantiation} callbacks.
* <p>Differentiates between default bean instantiation, use of a
* factory method, and autowiring a constructor.
* @param beanName the name of the bean
* @param mbd the merged bean definition for the bean
* @param args explicit arguments to use for constructor or factory method invocation
* @return a new instance of the bean
* @throws BeanCreationException if the bean could not be created
* @see #instantiateBean
* @see #instantiateUsingFactoryMethod
* @see #autowireConstructor
*/
protected Object doCreateBean(final String beanName, final RootBeanDefinition mbd, final Object[] args)
throws BeanCreationException {
// Instantiate the bean.
BeanWrapper instanceWrapper = null;
if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
instanceWrapper = this.factoryBeanInstanceCache.remove(beanName);
}
if (instanceWrapper == null) {
instanceWrapper = createBeanInstance(beanName, mbd, args);
}
final Object bean = (instanceWrapper != null ? instanceWrapper.getWrappedInstance() : null);
Class<?> beanType = (instanceWrapper != null ? instanceWrapper.getWrappedClass() : null);
// Allow post-processors to modify the merged bean definition.
synchronized (mbd.postProcessingLock) {
if (!mbd.postProcessed) {
try {
applyMergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessors(mbd, beanType, beanName);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
"Post-processing of merged bean definition failed", ex);
}
mbd.postProcessed = true;
}
}
// Eagerly cache singletons to be able to resolve circular references
// even when triggered by lifecycle interfaces like BeanFactoryAware.
boolean earlySingletonExposure = (mbd.isSingleton() && this.allowCircularReferences &&
isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName));
if (earlySingletonExposure) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Eagerly caching bean '" + beanName +
"' to allow for resolving potential circular references");
}
addSingletonFactory(beanName, new ObjectFactory<Object>() {
@Override
public Object getObject() throws BeansException {
return getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean);
}
});
}
getEarlyBeanReference获取bean的所有后处理器,并进行处理。如果是SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor类型,就进行处理,如果没有相关处理内容,就返回默认的实现。
/**
* Obtain a reference for early access to the specified bean,
* typically for the purpose of resolving a circular reference.
* @param beanName the name of the bean (for error handling purposes)
* @param mbd the merged bean definition for the bean
* @param bean the raw bean instance
* @return the object to expose as bean reference
*/
protected Object getEarlyBeanReference(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, Object bean) {
Object exposedObject = bean;
if (bean != null && !mbd.isSynthetic() && hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors()) {
for (BeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
if (bp instanceof SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) {
SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor ibp = (SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) bp;
exposedObject = ibp.getEarlyBeanReference(exposedObject, beanName);
if (exposedObject == null) {
return null;
}
}
}
}
return exposedObject;
}
彩蛋在此:
各种单例实现方式(5种):懒汉模式,饿汉线程非安全模式,饿汉线程安全模式,内部类模式,枚举模式。现在最推荐的方式是枚举单例模式。对这些模式的描述和介绍,请仔细看代码中的注释,会有意想不到的收获呦!