一、首先创建个web项目
1.建立web项目
2.向WebRoot---->WebINF---->lib文件夹中导入(springMVC)jar包
3.在项目名上右键——myeclipse——Generate...添加web.xml配置文件(WebRoot---->WebINF下)
4.修改web.xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" version="3.1"> <servlet> <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name> <!-- 路径在springwebMVC包里 servlet包里DispatcherServlet.class的完全限定类名--> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <!-- 初始化参数(创建servlet要传的参数) --> <init-param> <param-name>ContextConfigLocation</param-name> <!-- classpath:Spring配置文件名 --> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </init-param> <!-- 设置优先级,在容器开启的时候就创建这个servlet --> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!-- 设置默认访问页面为jsp文件夹下的login.jsp --> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>/jsp/login.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list></web-app>5.通过DispatcherServlet,找到applicationContext.xml即spring的配置文件,即进入Spring。控制权交给Spring框架。
6.进入applicationContext.xml修改urlMapping,通过urlMapping实现分发请求。
项目结构图:
applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd"> <!-- 配置URLMapping调用其SimpleUrlHandler类,来分发请求 --> <bean id="urlMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping"> <property name="mappings"> <props> <prop key="login.do">login</prop> </props> </property> </bean> <bean id="login" class="com.oracle.hrb.controller.LoginController"></bean> <!-- 配置viewResolver --> <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"></property> <!-- 前缀 --> <property name="prefix" value="/jsp/"></property> <!-- 后缀 --> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property> </bean></beans>注:此时<bean id=" ">中的 id (urlMapping )可以修改,springIOC中有个注解的注入,注入到DispatcherServlet类中,首先匹配类型,因为此时只有一个bean,所以id修改可以。
7.创建com.oracle.hrb.Controller包、LoginController类
8.controller调用ModelAndView类中的handleRequest方法,返回一个ModelAndView类对象(带字符串参数),字符串即要跳转的页面的名字,某jsp。
package com.oracle.hrb.controller;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;public class LoginController implements Controller{//实现Controller接口//继承其ModelAndView handleRequest方法,参数改成request,response public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { System.out.println("访问了LoginController"); //获取数据 request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");//设置编码格式 String userName = request.getParameter("username"); //创建一个userName变量来存通过request.getParameter()方法来获取浏览器传给login.jsp的"username" String passWord = request.getParameter("password"); //创建一个userName变量来存通过request.getParameter()方法来获取浏览器传给login.jsp的"username" if("王胖子".equals(userName)&&"tom".equals(passWord)){//判断用户输入的信息 return new ModelAndView("ok");//登录成功跳转到ok.jsp }else{ return new ModelAndView("login");//登录失败跳转到login.jsp } }} 9.在WebRoot文件夹下的jsp文件夹中创建login.jsp和ok.jsp
login.jsp
<% page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%><!DOCTYPE HTML><html> <head> <title>登录</title> <meta charset="utf-8"> </head> <body> <!-- 浏览器用post方式向LoginController发送消息 --> <form action="login.do" method="post"> <table> <tr><td>用户名</td><td><input type="text" name="username"></td></tr> <tr><td>密码</td><td><input type="password" name="password"></td></tr> <tr><td><input type="submit" value="登录"></td></tr> </table> </form> </body></html> ok.jsp
<% page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%><!DOCTYPE HTML><html> <head> <title>登录成功</title> <meta charset = "utf-8"> </head> <body> <h1>登录成功!</h1> </body></html>10.修改applicationContext.xml文件,配置viewResolver,设置属性,通过规定前后缀格式,由ViewResolver 来筛选决定跳转到哪个jsp来显示。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd"> <!-- 配置URLMapping调用其SimpleUrlHandler类,来分发请求 --> <bean id="urlMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping"> <property name="mappings"> <props> <prop key="login.do">login</prop> </props> </property> </bean> <!-- 此时只有id="urlMapping"这一个bean,所以urlMapping可以改成别的 ,因为springIOC有个注入到servlet中的注解, 使其首先匹配类型--> <!-- 配置viewResolver --> <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"></property> <!-- 前缀(因为.jsp文件在jsp文件夹中) --> <property name="prefix" value="/jsp/"></property> <!-- 后缀 --> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property> </bean> <bean id="login" class="com.oracle.hrb.controller.LoginController"></bean> <!-- 此时只有多个bean,所以需要配置viewResolver,使其可以识别Controller返回的jsp文件名,让它来显示页面--></beans> 测试:空跳转


springMVC的数据转发:
1.修改controller,声明个ModelMap对象来传值
package com.oracle.hrb.controller;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;public class LoginController implements Controller{ public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { System.out.println("访问了LoginController"); //获取数据 request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); String userName = request.getParameter("username"); String passWord = request.getParameter("password"); System.out.println(userName+","+passWord);//测试LoginController是否正确 ModelMap model = new ModelMap();//声明个ModelMap对象来传值 if("王胖子".equals(userName)&&"tom".equals(passWord)){ return new ModelAndView("ok",model);//登录成功跳转到ok.jsp,并带上model对象 } model.put("error","用户名或密码错误");//model对象绑定并传递信息 return new ModelAndView("login",model);//登录失败跳转到login.jsp,显示错误提示信息 }} 2.在登录页面的输入用户名的input标签后添加<td><span style="color: red;">${error==null?"":error }</span></td>的EL表达式,
用来获取并显示错误提示信息。
<% page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%><!DOCTYPE HTML><html> <head> <title>登录</title> <meta charset="utf-8"> </head> <body> <!-- 浏览器用post方式向LoginController发送消息 --> <form action="login.do" method="post"> <table> <tr><td>用户名</td><td><input type="text" name="username"></td> <td><span style="color: red;">${error==null?"":error }</span></td> </tr> <tr><td>密码</td><td><input type="password" name="password"></td></tr> <tr><td><input type="submit" value="登录"></td></tr> </table> </form> </body></html> 3.在ok.jsp即登录成功页面用EL表达式${name}来获取并显示用户名。
<% page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%><!DOCTYPE HTML><html> <head> <title>登录成功</title> <meta charset = "utf-8"> </head> <body> <!-- 显示传递的人名信息 --> <h1>登录成功!欢迎${name}回家</h1> </body></html>