Shiro中的权限控制也是通过Filter来实现的,在前面认证流程中讲到,Shiro的DefaultFilterChainManager类会创建Filter链,链中包含了Shiro一些默认Filter,也可以添加自定义Filter,而且这些Filter都有名字,Shiro会根据Filter配置为每一个配置的URL匹配符创建一个Filter链。
- protected FilterChainManager createFilterChainManager() {
- // 创建DefaultFilterChainManager
- DefaultFilterChainManager manager = new DefaultFilterChainManager();
- // 创建Shiro默认Filter,根据org.apache.shiro.web.filter.mgt.DefaultFilter创建
- Map<String, Filter> defaultFilters = manager.getFilters();
- //apply global settings if necessary:
- for (Filter filter : defaultFilters.values()) {
- // 设置相关Filter的loginUrl、successUrl、unauthorizedUrl属性
- applyGlobalPropertiesIfNecessary(filter);
- }
- // 获取在Spring配置文件中配置的Filter
- Map<String, Filter> filters = getFilters();
- if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(filters)) {
- for (Map.Entry<String, Filter> entry : filters.entrySet()) {
- String name = entry.getKey();
- Filter filter = entry.getValue();
- applyGlobalPropertiesIfNecessary(filter);
- if (filter instanceof Nameable) {
- ((Nameable) filter).setName(name);
- }
- // 将配置的Filter添加至链中,如果同名Filter已存在则覆盖默认Filter
- manager.addFilter(name, filter, false);
- }
- }
- //build up the chains:
- Map<String, String> chains = getFilterChainDefinitionMap();
- if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(chains)) {
- for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : chains.entrySet()) {
- String url = entry.getKey();
- String chainDefinition = entry.getValue();
- // 为配置的每一个URL匹配创建FilterChain定义,
- // 这样当访问一个URL的时候,一旦该URL配置上则就知道该URL需要应用上哪些Filter
- // 由于URL匹配符会配置多个,所以以第一个匹配上的为准,所以越具体的匹配符应该配置在前面,越宽泛的匹配符配置在后面
- manager.createChain(url, chainDefinition);
- }
- }
- return manager;
- }
下面我们看来都有哪些默认Filter,在DefaultFilterChainManager构造方法中调用addDefaultFilters方法:
- protected void addDefaultFilters(boolean init) {
- for (DefaultFilter defaultFilter : DefaultFilter.values()) {
- addFilter(defaultFilter.name(), defaultFilter.newInstance(), init, false);
- }
- }
- public enum DefaultFilter {
- anon(AnonymousFilter.class),
- authc(FormAuthenticationFilter.class),
- authcBasic(BasicHttpAuthenticationFilter.class),
- logout(LogoutFilter.class),
- noSessionCreation(NoSessionCreationFilter.class),
- perms(PermissionsAuthorizationFilter.class),
- port(PortFilter.class),
- rest(HttpMethodPermissionFilter.class),
- roles(RolesAuthorizationFilter.class),
- ssl(SslFilter.class),
- user(UserFilter.class);
- // 省略一些代码...
- }
DefaultFilter中的PermissionsAuthorizationFilter与RolesAuthorizationFilter就是用于权限控制的Filter,名称分别为perms与roles。PermissionsAuthorizationFilter用于判断用户访问某URL时是否有相应权限,RolesAuthorizationFilter用于判断用户访问某URL时是否有相应角色。
由于Shiro中Filter继承体系比较复杂,要想理解Shiro权限是如何控制的就必须先理解Filter的继承体系,以及理解继承体系中父类Filter的特点及作用。由于Filter继承体系庞大,下面只列出PermissionsAuthorizationFilter与RolesAuthorizationFilter的继承关系。
下面对继承关系中一些重要的Filter作简要说明,具体的Filter详细分析容后续再讲。
1.NameableFilter:为Filter添加名称
2.OncePerRequestFilter:保证Filter在链中只被执行一次
3.AdviceFilter:
- public void doFilterInternal(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)
- throws ServletException, IOException {
- Exception exception = null;
- try {
- // 前置处理,如果返回false则不再执行链中的后续Filter
- boolean continueChain = preHandle(request, response);
- if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
- log.trace("Invoked preHandle method. Continuing chain?: [" + continueChain + "]");
- }
- if (continueChain) {
- // 继续执行链中的后续Filter
- executeChain(request, response, chain);
- }
- // 后置处理
- postHandle(request, response);
- if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
- log.trace("Successfully invoked postHandle method");
- }
- } catch (Exception e) {
- exception = e;
- } finally {
- cleanup(request, response, exception);
- }
- }
4.PathMatchingFilter:基于路径匹配的Filter,重写preHandle方法
- protected boolean preHandle(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws Exception {
- // appliedPaths存储该Filter需要被应用的URL路径,例如有这样一个配置:/user_add.jsp = perms["user:add"]
- // 那么在PermissionsAuthorizationFilter.appliedPaths中就有一条key为/user_add.jsp, value为[user:add]数组
- // value为数组而不是字符串的原因是权限可以有多个
- // 如果appliedPaths为空则直接继续执行Filter链
- if (this.appliedPaths == null || this.appliedPaths.isEmpty()) {
- if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
- log.trace("appliedPaths property is null or empty. This Filter will passthrough immediately.");
- }
- return true;
- }
- for (String path : this.appliedPaths.keySet()) {
- // 如果匹配,则根据onPreHandle方法的返回值来确定是否继续执行Filter链
- if (pathsMatch(path, request)) {
- log.trace("Current requestURI matches pattern '{}'. Determining filter chain execution...", path);
- Object config = this.appliedPaths.get(path);
- return isFilterChainContinued(request, response, path, config);
- }
- }
- //no path matched, allow the request to go through:
- return true;
- }
- @SuppressWarnings({"JavaDoc"})
- private boolean isFilterChainContinued(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
- String path, Object pathConfig) throws Exception {
- // 如果该Filter可用
- if (isEnabled(request, response, path, pathConfig)) { //isEnabled check added in 1.2
- // 省略一些代码...
- return onPreHandle(request, response, pathConfig);
- }
- // 省略一些代码...
- return true;
- }
5.AccessControlFilter:实现onPreHandle方法
- public boolean onPreHandle(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, Object mappedValue) throws Exception {
- return isAccessAllowed(request, response, mappedValue) || onAccessDenied(request, response, mappedValue);
- }
6.AuthorizationFilter:实现了onAccessDenied方法
- protected boolean onAccessDenied(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws IOException {
- Subject subject = getSubject(request, response);
- // 如果没有登录则重定向至登录页面
- if (subject.getPrincipal() == null) {
- saveRequestAndRedirectToLogin(request, response);
- } else {
- // 重定向至未授权页面
- String unauthorizedUrl = getUnauthorizedUrl();
- //SHIRO-142 - ensure that redirect _or_ error code occurs - both cannot happen due to response commit:
- if (StringUtils.hasText(unauthorizedUrl)) {
- WebUtils.issueRedirect(request, response, unauthorizedUrl);
- } else {
- // 如果未授权页面未配置则发送401状态码
- WebUtils.toHttp(response).sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_UNAUTHORIZED);
- }
- }
- return false;
7.PermissionsAuthorizationFilter:实现了isAccessAllowed方法
- public boolean isAccessAllowed(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, Object mappedValue) throws IOException {
- Subject subject = getSubject(request, response);
- // 访问时需要的权限
- String[] perms = (String[]) mappedValue;
- // 调用Subject对象的isPermitted或isPermittedAll来判断是否有权限
- boolean isPermitted = true;
- if (perms != null && perms.length > 0) {
- if (perms.length == 1) {
- if (!subject.isPermitted(perms[0])) {
- isPermitted = false;
- }
- } else {
- if (!subject.isPermittedAll(perms)) {
- isPermitted = false;
- }
- }
- }
- return isPermitted;
- }
isPermitted和isPermittedAll最终都委托给了ModularRealmAuthorizer.isPermitted与ModularRealmAuthorizer.isPermittedAll方法,至于为什么为会委托给ModularRealmAuthorizer请参看:Shiro源码分析----登录流程
下面以ModularRealmAuthorizer.isPermitted为例,分析一下是如何进行权限判断的:
- public boolean isPermitted(PrincipalCollection principals, String permission) {
- assertRealmsConfigured();
- for (Realm realm : getRealms()) {
- if (!(realm instanceof Authorizer)) continue;
- // 调用Realm的isPermitted方法
- if (((Authorizer) realm).isPermitted(principals, permission)) {
- return true;
- }
- }
- return false;
- }
在使用Shiro时,Realm对象包含了认证与授权信息,在实际应用时,一般都是存储在数据库中的,且Realm一般都会自定义实现。实现自定义的Realm时,一般继承自org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm类,下面是一个例子:
- public class UserRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
- private UserService userService;
- public void setUserService(UserService userService) {
- this.userService = userService;
- }
- // 从数据库中获取权限信息
- @Override
- protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principals) {
- String username = (String)principals.getPrimaryPrincipal();
- SimpleAuthorizationInfo authorizationInfo = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
- // 从数据库中查询当前用户所拥有的角色
- authorizationInfo.setRoles(userService.findRoles(username));
- // 从数据库中查询当前用户所拥有的权限
- authorizationInfo.setStringPermissions(userService.findPermissions(username));
- return authorizationInfo;
- }
- // 从数据库中获取认证信息
- @Override
- protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException {
- String username = (String)token.getPrincipal();
- User user = userService.findByUsername(username);
- if(user == null) {
- throw new UnknownAccountException();//没找到帐号
- }
- if(Boolean.TRUE.equals(user.getLocked())) {
- throw new LockedAccountException(); //帐号锁定
- }
- //交给AuthenticatingRealm使用CredentialsMatcher进行密码匹配,如果觉得人家的不好可以自定义实现
- SimpleAuthenticationInfo authenticationInfo = new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(
- user.getUsername(), //用户名
- user.getPassword(), //密码
- ByteSource.Util.bytes(user.getCredentialsSalt()),//salt=username+salt
- getName() //realm name
- );
- return authenticationInfo;
- }
- }
AuthorizingRealm.isPermetted方法中就是根据用户所拥有的权限与访问时需要的权限进行匹配,如果有权限则继续执行Filter链,反之则重定向至配置的未授权页面。
理解了PermissionsAuthorizationFilter的判断逻辑,那么RolesAuthorizationFilter的判断逻辑就很容易理解了,因为其流程是一样的,只是RolesAuthorizationFilter是基于用户角色进行判断的。
8.RolesAuthorizationFilter:实现了isAccessAllowed方法:
- @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked"})
- public boolean isAccessAllowed(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, Object mappedValue) throws IOException {
- Subject subject = getSubject(request, response);
- // 获取访问时需要的角色
- String[] rolesArray = (String[]) mappedValue;
- if (rolesArray == null || rolesArray.length == 0) {
- //no roles specified, so nothing to check - allow access.
- return true;
- }
- Set<String> roles = CollectionUtils.asSet(rolesArray);
- // 委托给Subject.hasAllRoles方法
- return subject.hasAllRoles(roles);
- }
同理,hasAllRoles方法,最终都委托给了ModularRealmAuthorizer.hasAllRoles方法
- public boolean hasAllRoles(PrincipalCollection principals, Collection<String> roleIdentifiers) {
- assertRealmsConfigured();
- for (String roleIdentifier : roleIdentifiers) {
- if (!hasRole(principals, roleIdentifier)) {
- return false;
- }
- }
- return true;
- }
- public boolean hasRole(PrincipalCollection principals, String roleIdentifier) {
- assertRealmsConfigured();
- for (Realm realm : getRealms()) {
- if (!(realm instanceof Authorizer)) continue;
- if (((Authorizer) realm).hasRole(principals, roleIdentifier)) {
- return true;
- }
- }
- return false;
- }
AuthorizingRealm.hasAllRoles方法中就是根据用户所拥有的角色与访问时需要的角色进行匹配,如果有角色则继续执行Filter链,反之则重定向至配置的未授权页面。
至此,Shiro授权流程分析完毕,如有错误之处,敬请指正。