题目描述:

题目来源于LeetCode,原意可以形象地理解为收集雨水问题,如下述

Given n non-negative integers representing an elevation map where the width of each bar is 1, compute how much water it is able to trap after raining.

For example,
Given[0,1,0,2,1,0,1,3,2,1,2,1], return6.

收集雨水问题

The above elevation map is represented by array [0,1,0,2,1,0,1,3,2,1,2,1]. In this case, 6 units of rain water (blue section) are being trapped. Thanks Marcos for contributing this image!

分析:

若采用局部区间法,每个小区间为类似“V”型,需要遍历一遍数组,求出满足需要的单调下降、上升区间,还有个更大的问题:可能小区间之间被大区间包含,这种方法实现起来比较复杂,不建议。

收集雨水问题

下面使用另一种方法:

这个算法需要left和right两个指针分别指向数组的首尾位置,从两边向中间扫描,在当前两指针确定的范围内,先比较两头找出较小值,如果较小值是left指向的值,则从左向右扫描,如果较小值是right指向的值,则从右向左扫描,若遇到的值比当较小值小,则将差值存入结果,如遇到的值大,则重新确定新的窗口范围,以此类推直至left和right指针重合

实现代码如下:

    int trap(int A[], int n)
    {
        int res = 0, l = 0, r = n - 1;
        while (l < r)
        {
            int mn = min(A[l], A[r]);
            if (mn == A[l]) {
                ++l;
                while (l < r && A[l] < mn)
                {
                    res += mn - A[l++];
                }
            }
            else
            {
                --r;
                while (l < r && A[r] < mn)
                {
                    res += mn - A[r--];
                }
            }
        }
        return res;
    }

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