Introduction

给定曲线的两个端点的位置矢量P(0)P(0), P(1)P(1) )和切线矢量P(0)P'(0), P(1)P'(1) )来描述曲线:
埃尔米特曲线 Hermite Curve

Proof

设方程为:
(0)P(t)=at3+bt2+ct+d P(t) = at^{3} + bt^{2} + ct +d \tag{0}
则:
(1)P(t)=3at2+2bt+c P'(t) = 3at^{2} + 2bt + c \tag{1}
则可得:
(2){P(0)=dP(1)=a+b+c+dP(0)=cP(1)=3a+2b+c \begin{cases} & P(0) = d \\ & P(1) = a + b + c + d \\ & P'(0) = c \\ & P(1) = 3a + 2b + c \end{cases} \tag{2}
令:
(3)h0=P(0)h1=P(1)h2=P(0)h3=P(1) h_{0} = P(0) \\ h_{1} = P(1) \\ h_{2} = P'(0) \\ h_{3} = P'(1) \tag{3}
则有:
(4)[h0h1h2h3]=[0001111100103210][abcd] \left[ \begin{matrix} h_{0} \\ h_{1} \\ h_{2} \\ h_{3} \end{matrix} \right]= \left[ \begin{matrix} 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 3 & 2 & 1 & 0 \end{matrix} \right] \left[ \begin{matrix} a \\ b \\ c \\ d \end{matrix} \right] \tag{4}
(5)[abcd]=[2201332100101000][h0h1h2h3] \Rightarrow \left[ \begin{matrix} a \\ b \\ c \\ d \end{matrix} \right]= \left[ \begin{matrix} 2 & -2 & 0 & 1 \\ -3 & 3 & -2 & -1 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \end{matrix} \right] \left[ \begin{matrix} h_{0} \\ h_{1} \\ h_{2} \\ h_{3} \end{matrix} \right] \tag{5}
又:
(6)P(t)=[abcd][t3t2t1] P(t) = \left[ \begin{matrix} a & b & c & d \end{matrix} \right] \left[ \begin{matrix} t^{3} \\ t^{2} \\ t \\ 1 \end{matrix} \right] \tag{6}
则由 (4) (5) (6) 可得:
(7)P(t)=[abcd][0103010201111100][2301230012101100][t3t2t1] P(t) = \left[ \begin{matrix} a & b & c & d \end{matrix} \right] \left[ \begin{matrix} 0 & 1 & 0 & 3 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 2 \\ 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 & 0 & 0 \end{matrix} \right] \left[ \begin{matrix} 2 & -3 & 0 & 1 \\ -2 & 3 & 0 & 0 \\ 1 & -2 & 1 & 0 \\ 1 & -1 & 0 & 0 \end{matrix} \right] \left[ \begin{matrix} t^{3} \\ t^{2} \\ t \\ 1 \end{matrix} \right] \tag{7}
其中,中间两个矩阵互为逆矩阵,乘积为单位矩阵。又由 (5) 可得:
(8)P(t)=[h0h1h2h3][2301230012101100][t3t2t1] P(t) = \left[ \begin{matrix} h_{0} & h_{1} & h_{2} & h_{3} \end{matrix} \right] \left[ \begin{matrix} 2 & -3 & 0 & 1 \\ -2 & 3 & 0 & 0 \\ 1 & -2 & 1 & 0 \\ 1 & -1 & 0 & 0 \end{matrix} \right] \left[ \begin{matrix} t^{3} \\ t^{2} \\ t \\ 1 \end{matrix} \right] \tag{8}
再令:
(9)[H0(t)H1(t)H2(t)H3(t)]=[2301230012101100][t3t2t1] \left[ \begin{matrix} H_{0}(t) \\ H_{1}(t) \\ H_{2}(t) \\ H_{3}(t) \end{matrix} \right]= \left[ \begin{matrix} 2 & -3 & 0 & 1 \\ -2 & 3 & 0 & 0 \\ 1 & -2 & 1 & 0 \\ 1 & -1 & 0 & 0 \end{matrix} \right] \left[ \begin{matrix} t^{3} \\ t^{2} \\ t \\ 1 \end{matrix} \right] \tag{9}
最终可得:
(10)[abcd][t3t2t1]=[h0h1h2h3][H0(t)H1(t)H2(t)H3(t)] \left[ \begin{matrix} a & b & c & d \end{matrix} \right] \left[ \begin{matrix} t^{3} \\ t^{2} \\ t \\ 1 \end{matrix} \right]= \left[ \begin{matrix} h_{0} & h_{1} & h_{2} & h_{3} \end{matrix} \right] \left[ \begin{matrix} H_{0}(t) \\ H_{1}(t) \\ H_{2}(t) \\ H_{3}(t) \end{matrix} \right] \tag{10}
即:
(11)P(t)=i=03hiHi(t) P(t) = \sum_{i = 0}^{3}h_{i}H_{i}(t) \tag{11}
Hi(t)H_{i}(t) 即为构成埃尔米特曲线的基本曲线方程。这四个基本曲线方程如下:
埃尔米特曲线 Hermite Curve埃尔米特曲线:
埃尔米特曲线 Hermite Curve其中箭头为切线方向

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