Flutter环境搭建(Windows)
安装Flutter
Flutter的安装方式随着Flutter的升级可能会发生变化,如果下面介绍的内容致使Flutter安装失败,请访问Flutter官网,按官网最新教程安装。
使用镜像
由于在国内访问Flutter有时可能会受到限制,Flutter官方为中国开发者搭建了临时镜像,大家可以将如下环境变量加入到用户环境变量中:
export PUB_HOSTED_URL=https://pub.flutter-io.cn
export FLUTTER_STORAGE_BASE_URL=https://storage.flutter-io.cn
如图:
注意: 此镜像为临时镜像,并不能保证一直可用,读者可以参考https://flutter.io/community/china 以获得有关镜像服务器的最新动态。
系统要求
要安装并运行Flutter,您的开发环境必须满足以下最低要求:
- 操作系统: Windows 7 或更高版本 (64-bit)
- 磁盘空间: 400 MB (不包括Android Studio的磁盘空间)
- 工具: Flutter 依赖下面这些命令行工具
- PowerShell 5.0 或更新的版本
-
Git for Windows (Git命令行工具)
如果已安装Git for Windows,请确保可以在命令提示符或PowerShell中运行 git 命令
如图:
获取Flutter SDK
- Flutter官网下载其最新可用的安装包,下载地址:https://flutter.dev/docs/development/tools/sdk/releases
- 在中国大陆地区,要想正常获取安装包列表或下载安装包,可能需要翻墙,读者也可以去Flutter github项目下去下载安装包,地址:https://github.com/flutter/flutter/releases
- 将安装包zip解压到你想安装Flutter SDK的路径(如:C:\src\flutter;注意,不要将flutter安装到需要一些高权限的路径如C:\Program Files\)
- 在Flutter安装目录的flutter文件下找到flutter_console.bat,双击运行并启动flutter命令行,接下来,你就可以在Flutter命令行运行flutter命令了
更新环境变量
如果你想在Windows系统自带命令行(而不是)运行flutter命令,需要添加以下环境变量到用户PATH:
配置好之后重启电脑。
运行flutter doctor命令
在Flutter命令行运行如下命令来查看是否还需要安装其它依赖,如果需要,安装它们:
flutter doctor
运行命令可能会出现如下问题:
[√] Flutter (Channel stable, v1.9.1+hotfix.5, on Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.17763.55], locale zh-CN)
[X] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices
X Unable to locate Android SDK.
Install Android Studio from: https://developer.android.com/studio/index.html
On first launch it will assist you in installing the Android SDK components.
(or visit https://flutter.dev/setup/#android-setup for detailed instructions).
If the Android SDK has been installed to a custom location, set ANDROID_HOME to that location.
You may also want to add it to your PATH environment variable.
[√] Android Studio (version 3.4)
[!] Connected device
! No devices available
解决: 配置ANDROID_HOME环境变量,将Android SDK存放路径配置进去,重启电脑再执行flutter doctor命令,如图
或者遇到没有证书的问题:
[!] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK 27.0.3)
Android SDK at D:\Program\Android\Sdk
Android NDK location not configured (optional; useful for native profiling support)
Platform android-27, build-tools 27.0.3
ANDROID_HOME = D:\Program\Android\Sdk
Java binary at: D:\Program\Android\Android Studio\jre\bin\java
Java version OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_152-release-1024-b02)
! Some Android licenses not accepted. To resolve this, run: flutter doctor --android-licenses
解决: 执行lutter doctor --android-licenses命令即可,并在后续询问输入Y
最后
安装Android Studio,并在Android Studio中安装Flutter和Dart插件,重启AS之后就可以新建Flutter项目了。