(一) CMMI Dev2.0 (what to do)
参考资料：https://cmmiinstitute.com/cmmi/dev
1. why CMMI Dev?
In today’s high-technology business environment, nearly all organizations are building increasingly complex products and services. As a result, the product development lifecycle has become more difficult to manage and control – organizations frequently experience cost overruns, defects impacting quality and customer expectations, and missed deadlines due to re-work.
CMMI Development is an integrated set of best practices that improves an organization’s capability to develop quality products and services that meet the needs of customers and end users.
2. key benifits:
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Improve Time-to-Market — ensure products and services are delivered quickly and efficiently with little to no re-work.
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Increase Quality — improve product development quality and consistency to reduce defects.
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Reduce Cost — lower costs through improved planning, scheduling, and budgeting processes.
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Improve Product Lifecycle Management — meet customer expectations across the entire product lifecycle from delivery to maintenance and operations.
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Gain Organizational Agility — leverage revenue-enhancing and cost-cutting opportunities to deliver products and services quickly, effectively, and consistently.
3. CMMI certifications
CMMI Associate(BUILD) CMMI Profeesional (ADVANCE) CMMI Partner Sponsored Individual
(二) CMMI Dev1.3
(三) Agile: how to do
CMMI是用来评价组织级能力的模型，是指导组织持续进行过程改进的模型，它给出了过程改进的路线图。
敏捷方法是用来指导解决快速高质量交付高价值产品的思想与框架.
(四) Scrum:
Scrum定义：Scrum是迭代式增量软件开发过程，通常用于敏捷软件开发。Scrum包括了一系列实践和预定义角色的过程骨架。
- 3大角色：SM（引导者、教练和清障者）、PO、开发团队
- 4大活动：Sprint计划会、Sprint评审会、Sprint回顾会、每日立会
- 5大输出：Product Backlog、Sprint Backlog、可工作的软件、Sprint计划、燃尽图
(五) SPICE
标准主要包括SPICE 流程的参考模型和评估模型。SPICE 是用于软件开发领域的流程标准；但是它不仅仅用于软件开发过程改进领域，也可扩展到其他信息技术相关过程领域。SPICE，也叫ISO/IEC15504，同样也先来一段维基百科的介绍：
ISO/IEC 15504 Information technology – Process assessment, also termed Software Process Improvement and Capability Determination (SPICE), is a set of technical standards documents for the computer software development process and related business management functions.
ISO/IEC 15504 is the reference model for the maturity models (consisting of capability levels which in turn consist of the process attributes and further consist of generic practices) against which the assessors can place the evidence that they collect during their assessment, so that the assessors can give an overall determination of the organization’s capabilities for delivering products (software, systems, and IT services).
(六) ASPICE
有3个流程类别：主要生命周期流程，组织生命周期流程和支持生命周期流程。 每个过程都是根据描述过程目标来描述的。 过程目标描述包括在特定环境中实施过程时的过程特定功能目标。 流程目标与流程结果列表相关联。 该过程结果是实施该过程时预期的理想结果列表。 Automotive SPICE过程参考模型为过程坐标提供了图2所示的一系列过程。
3.1. Process reference model
Processes are grouped by process category and at a second level into process groups according to the type of activity they address. There are 3 process categories: Primary life cycle processes, Organizational life cycle processes and Supporting life cycle processes. Each process is described in terms of a purpose statement. The purpose statement contains the unique functional objectives of the process when performed in a particular environment. For each purpose statement a list of specific outcomes is associated, as a list of expected positive results of the process performance. For the process dimension, the Automotive SPICE process reference model provides the set of processes shown in Figure 2
(1)Primary life cycle processes: ACQ process group(7), Supply pg(2), system engineering pg(5), SW engineering pg(6).
(2)Organizational life cycle processes:MAN pg(3), PIM pg(1), reuse(REU) process froup(1).
(3)Supporting life cycle processes: SUP pg(7)
A-SPICE( 全称为Automotive SPICE) 标准来评估汽车零部件供应商的开发能力。2006 年4 月，第一个版本出版，它继承了SPICE 的能力维度的评定标准；而子流程维度是从SPICE 子流程中选取了31 个子流程，并且针对汽车行业内容上的行业特殊性定制。A-SPICE 专用于汽车软件开发领域的流程标准，除了评估零部件供应商的目的，这套评估体系也同时为主机厂提高自己的开发水平提供指南。
A-SPICE v3.0 consists of 31 processes. 15 of these processes are mandatory, 7 are optional and the other 9 processes are being phased out. CMMI v1.3 consists of 22 process area’s and only 1 of these could be optional in some cases (Supplier Agreement Management). CMMI makes a distinction between 5 maturity levels and 3 capability levels. A-SPICE only has capability levels (5) from which only 3 are really used (performed, managed, and established).
The biggest difference between both models is the fact that A-SPICE focuses a lot on the engineering practices (V-model). They not only focus on software (as it was designed for in the beginning), but also on the systems engineering (software + hardware, electronics, mechanical, etc.). It pays little attention to project management & other organizational practices while these are very well documented in the CMMI-model.
由此可见， ASPICE更多地还是侧重Ｖ模型开发相关的实践，它不仅关注软件开发，而且还关注系统工程的设计，软件，硬件是怎么设计的，各模块之间的接口设计，之类的。它不太关注项目管理和一些组织级的实践。
而显然，CMMI中更详细地阐述了对项目管理（PMC，PP）还有组织级（OT，OPD，OPF）等实践的要求。
Process capability determination
The concept of process capability determination by using a process assessment model is based on a two-dimensional framework. The first dimension is provided by processes defined in a process reference model (process dimension). The second dimension consists of capability levels that are further subdivided into process attributes (capability dimension). The process attributes provide the measurable characteristics of process capability.
用一个二维的概念来描述过程能力模型。 第一个维度是流程参考模型（流程维度）中定义的流程。 第二个维度由能力级别组成，这些级别进一步细分为流程属性（能力维度）。 过程属性使得过程能力具有可测性。The process assessment model selects processes from a process reference model and supplements with indicators. These indicators support the collection of objective evidence which enable an assessor to assign ratings for processes according to the capability dimension. The relationship is shown in Figure 1:
过程评估模型从过程参考模型中选择一个过程并补充指标。 该指标用于收集客观证据，并允许评估员根据能力判断分配过程评级。 关系如图1所示。
VDA Scope (16 个process)
1. SYS（4）, 没有SYS1 requirement elicitation
2. SWE (6) ,
3. ACQ(1),
4. SUP(4),
5. MAN(1),
摘自：https://blog.csdn.net/u013657997/article/details/83988156
https://blog.csdn.net/SystemEngineeringLab/article/details/86693588
https://blog.csdn.net/u013657997/article/details/83790505