一、 摘要

介绍Android中View的事件分发流程,以及对事件的消费和拦截。本文基于Android 8.0(Oreo),即API 26。


二、 View的事件

View有四种基本事件,它们位于MotionEvent中:

  • ACTION_DOWN:按压动作开始的标志,事件中包含这个初始位置。
  • ACTION_UP:按压结束的标志,事件中包含这个结束位置。
  • ACTION_MOVE:按压松开之前的状态,事件中包含当前运动位置。
  • ACTION_CANCEL:手势取消了,你应该类比ACTION_UP来处理。

当我们在View上进行交互时,首先硬件层屏幕传感器捕获这些信息,然后通过很复杂的流程传递到Android应用层,即传到我们的Activity中,以事件的形式向下分发到各层的View中进行处理。


三、 分发涉及的三个核心方法

1. 概述

View的事件分发流程涉及到三个核心方法:dispatchTouchEvent()、onTouchEvent()和onInterceptTouchEvent(),这三个方法将事件在Activity、Window、DecorView、ViewGroup、View之间传递。

通过前两章(《Android中View的绘制流程》、《Android中View的异步消息》)的学习,我们知道了Window、ViewRootImpl、DecorView、ViewGroup、View之间的关系,在源码中,Window只有唯一实现类——PhoneWindow:

/**
 * <p>The only existing implementation of this abstract class is
 * android.view.PhoneWindow, which you should instantiate when needing a
 * Window.
 */
public abstract class Window {...}

根据这些知识,我们能够更快地理解事件分发流程。

接下来我们先介绍这三个方法。

  • dispatchTouchEvent()存在于Activity、ViewGroup、View中;
  • onTouchEvent()也存在于Activity、ViewGroup、View中;
  • onInterceptTouchEvent()仅存在于ViewGroup中。

即:

组件 \ 方法 dispatchTouchEvent onTouchEvent onInterceptTouchEvent
Activity YES YES
View YES YES
ViewGroup YES YES YES

从字面意思上看,dispatchTouchEvent和分发触摸事件有关,onTouchEvent和执行触摸事件有关,onInterceptTouchEvent和拦截触摸事件有关。


2. Activity中

2.1. dispatchTouchEvent()

/**
 * Called to process touch screen events.  You can override this to
 * intercept all touch screen events before they are dispatched to the
 * window.  Be sure to call this implementation for touch screen events
 * that should be handled normally.
 *
 * @param ev The touch screen event.
 *
 * @return boolean Return true if this event was consumed.
 */
public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {...}
  • 用于处理触屏事件。
  • 你可以重写这个方法来拦截所有的触屏事件,不让他们分发到Window。
  • 通常情况下你应该调用这里的具体实现去处理触屏事件。
  • 如果事件被消费了,返回true。

2.2. onTouchEvent()

/**
 * Called when a touch screen event was not handled by any of the views
 * under it.  This is most useful to process touch events that happen
 * outside of your window bounds, where there is no view to receive it.
 *
 * @param event The touch screen event being processed.
 *
 * @return Return true if you have consumed the event, false if you haven't.
 * The default implementation always returns false.
 */
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {...}
  • 当一个触屏事件没有被这个Activity下的任何View处理时,调用该方法。
  • 该方法最大的用处是去处理Window边界以外,没有View去响应的触屏事件。
  • 如果事件被消费了,返回true。默认返回false。

3. View中

3.1. dispatchTouchEvent()

/**
 * Pass the touch screen motion event down to the target view, or this
 * view if it is the target.
 *
 * @param event The motion event to be dispatched.
 * @return True if the event was handled by the view, false otherwise.
 */
public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {...}
  • 将触屏事件向下传递到目标视图,如果当前视图就是目标,则传递到当前视图。
  • 如果事件被处理了,返回true。

3.2. onTouchEvent()

/**
 * Implement this method to handle touch screen motion events.
 * <p>
 * If this method is used to detect click actions, it is recommended that
 * the actions be performed by implementing and calling
 * {@link #performClick()}. This will ensure consistent system behavior,
 * including:
 * <ul>
 * <li>obeying click sound preferences
 * <li>dispatching OnClickListener calls
 * <li>handling {@link AccessibilityNodeInfo#ACTION_CLICK ACTION_CLICK} when
 * accessibility features are enabled
 * </ul>
 *
 * @param event The motion event.
 * @return True if the event was handled, false otherwise.
 */
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {...}
  • 该方法用于处理触屏事件。
  • 如果想用这个方法来监听点击动作,建议实现并调用performClick()。这将确保系统行为一致性,包括:遵守点击声音首选项、分发OnClickListener、处理ACTION_CLICK。
  • 如果事件被处理了,返回true。

4. ViewGroup中

4.1. dispatchTouchEvent()

重写了View中的实现。


4.2. onTouchEvent()

继承View中的方法。


4.3. onInterceptTouchEvent()

/**
 * Implement this method to intercept all touch screen motion events.  This
 * allows you to watch events as they are dispatched to your children, and
 * take ownership of the current gesture at any point.
 *
 * <p>Using this function takes some care, as it has a fairly complicated
 * interaction with {@link View#onTouchEvent(MotionEvent)
 * View.onTouchEvent(MotionEvent)}, and using it requires implementing
 * that method as well as this one in the correct way.  Events will be
 * received in the following order:
 *
 * <ol>
 * <li> You will receive the down event here.
 * <li> The down event will be handled either by a child of this view
 * group, or given to your own onTouchEvent() method to handle; this means
 * you should implement onTouchEvent() to return true, so you will
 * continue to see the rest of the gesture (instead of looking for
 * a parent view to handle it).  Also, by returning true from
 * onTouchEvent(), you will not receive any following
 * events in onInterceptTouchEvent() and all touch processing must
 * happen in onTouchEvent() like normal.
 * <li> For as long as you return false from this function, each following
 * event (up to and including the final up) will be delivered first here
 * and then to the target's onTouchEvent().
 * <li> If you return true from here, you will not receive any
 * following events: the target view will receive the same event but
 * with the action {@link MotionEvent#ACTION_CANCEL}, and all further
 * events will be delivered to your onTouchEvent() method and no longer
 * appear here.
 * </ol>
 *
 * @param ev The motion event being dispatched down the hierarchy.
 * @return Return true to steal motion events from the children and have
 * them dispatched to this ViewGroup through onTouchEvent().
 * The current target will receive an ACTION_CANCEL event, and no further
 * messages will be delivered here.
 */
public boolean onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {...}
  • 用于拦截所有的触屏事件。
  • 这使你可以在事件被分发到子视图时进行监听,并且在任何时候把控当前手势。
  • 使用时需要当心,因为它和onTouchEvent()的交互相当复杂,你得以正确的方式来实现这个方法。
  • 按这个顺序接收事件:(1)接收down事件。(2)既可以用这个ViewGroup的子视图,也可以用onTouchEvent()这个方法来处理down事件,这意味着你应该实现onTouchEvent()这个方法并返回true,这样你将看到手势的剩余部分(不要用父视图来处理它)。同样,通过在onTouchEvent()中返回true,你就不会在onInterceptTouchEvent()中收到任何后续事件,并且所有的触摸处理只能在onTouchEvent()中正常进行。(3)只要你从这返回false,接下来的每个事件(直到并包括最终的up事件)都将首先传递到这里,然后传递给目标的onTouchEvent()。(4)如果你从这返回true,你将接收不到以下事件:目标视图会接收相同的事件但是带着ACTION_CANCEL动作,所有其他事件将被传递到onTouchEvent()方法,不再出现在这里。
  • 返回true来拦截来自子视图的事件,通过onTouchEvent()来分发它们。当前目标将接收一个ACTION_CANCEL事件,并且此处不会再传递更多的消息。

四、 事件分发流程

看完了三个核心方法的注释,被一大堆布尔返回值搞懵了,那么我们从方法调用栈下手,分析事件分发的具体流程,分析过程中,我们除了要关注向下传递的事件,还要关注向上传递的返回值,这比一般的方法调用要复杂一些。

在开始介绍流程前,还得搞明白两个术语:消费和拦截。

1. 什么是消费

事件被消费,即事件被处理,也就是onTouchEvent()这个方法中的执行情况,因为Activity、ViewGroup和View中都有onTouchEvent(),所以我们将在它们三个中分别介绍消费的情况。


2. 什么是拦截

拦截,顾名思义,截断事件的传递过程,当事件被拦截后,无法再向下分发,由于拦截的方法onInterceptTouchEvent()仅存于ViewGroup中,因此我们只会在ViewGroup中分析拦截过程。

3. Activity中的流程

/**
 * 分发
 */
public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
    // 事件开始的标志:ACTION_DOWN
    if (ev.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
        // 你可以重写这个方法,来得知用户用什么方式进行的交互
        onUserInteraction();
    }
    // 将事件分发给Window,如果它消费了,此处也就返回true表示消费了
    if (getWindow().superDispatchTouchEvent(ev)) {
        return true;
    }
    // Window没消费这个事件的话,Activity就自己来处理,并返回消费情况
    return onTouchEvent(ev);
}

/**
 * 消费
 */
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
    // 如果需要关闭Window,即结束Activity,就结束,并返回true表示消费了
    if (mWindow.shouldCloseOnTouch(this, event)) {
        finish();
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

/**
 * 位于Window类中的shouldCloseOnTouch()
 * 主要是根据事件是否出界来判断是否需要关闭
 */
public boolean shouldCloseOnTouch(Context context, MotionEvent event) {
    final boolean isOutside =
            event.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN && isOutOfBounds(context, event)
            || event.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_OUTSIDE;
    if (mCloseOnTouchOutside && peekDecorView() != null && isOutside) {
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

Activity将事件分发到了Window中,而Window唯一实现类是PhoneWindow,我们直接去PhoneWindow中看此处方法:

@Override
public boolean superDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
    return mDecor.superDispatchTouchEvent(event);
}

PhoneWindow将事件分发给了DecorView:

public boolean superDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
    return super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
}

DecorView将事件分发给了父类,我们知道DecorView是继承ViewGroup的,因此这里又将事件分发到了ViewGroup中。

由此可得:

  • Activity中,事件被分发到ViewGroup,并返回消费结果。
  • 如果ViewGroup返回的消费结果是false,则由Activity自己消费并返回结果。

4. ViewGroup中的流程

/**
 * 分发
 */
@Override
public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
    // ...
    // 事件是否被消费
    boolean handled = false;
    // ...
    final int actionMasked = action & MotionEvent.ACTION_MASK;
    // Handle an initial down.
    if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
        // Throw away all previous state when starting a new touch gesture.
        // The framework may have dropped the up or cancel event for the previous gesture
        // due to an app switch, ANR, or some other state change.
        cancelAndClearTouchTargets(ev);
        // 此处会将mFirstTouchTarget置空
        resetTouchState();
    }
    // 事件是否被拦截
    // Check for interception.
    final boolean intercepted;
    // ACTION_DOWN是事件开始标志,因此在ACTION_DOWN情况下判断拦截
    if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
            || mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
        final boolean disallowIntercept = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT) != 0;
        if (!disallowIntercept) {
            // 由拦截方法返回值判断是否被拦截
            intercepted = onInterceptTouchEvent(ev);
            ev.setAction(action); // restore action in case it was changed
        } else {
            intercepted = false;
        }
    } else {
        // There are no touch targets and this action is not an initial down
        // so this view group continues to intercept touches.
        intercepted = true;
    }
    // ...
    // 如果不取消也不拦截,则向下分发
    if (!canceled && !intercepted) {
        // ...
        // 遍历子View,并寻找事件坐标在界限内的最上层一个子View来分发
        final View[] children = mChildren;
        for (int i = childrenCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            final int childIndex = getAndVerifyPreorderedIndex(
                    childrenCount, i, customOrder);
            final View child = getAndVerifyPreorderedView(
                    preorderedList, children, childIndex);
            // ...
            // 根据子View分发
            if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, false, child, idBitsToAssign)) {
                // ...
                // 此处对mFirstTouchTarget实例化
                newTouchTarget = addTouchTarget(child, idBitsToAssign);
                alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = true;
                break;
            }
            // ...
        }
        // ...
    }
    // Dispatch to touch targets.
    if (mFirstTouchTarget == null) {
        // 根据子View分发
        // No touch targets so treat this as an ordinary view.
        handled = dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, canceled, null,
                TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS);
    } else {
        // Dispatch to touch targets, excluding the new touch target if we already
        // dispatched to it.  Cancel touch targets if necessary.
        TouchTarget predecessor = null;
        TouchTarget target = mFirstTouchTarget;
        // 循环对子View进行分发,不包括刚才已经分发过的那个
        while (target != null) {
            final TouchTarget next = target.next;
            if (alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget && target == newTouchTarget) {
                handled = true;
            } else {
                final boolean cancelChild = resetCancelNextUpFlag(target.child)
                        || intercepted;
                // 根据子View分发
                if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, cancelChild,
                        target.child, target.pointerIdBits)) {
                    handled = true;
                }
                // ...
            }
            predecessor = target;
            target = next;
        }
    }
    if (canceled
            || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP
            || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_HOVER_MOVE) {
        // 此处会将mFirstTouchTarget置空
        resetTouchState();
    }
    // ...
    return handled;
}

/**
 * 拦截
 */
 public boolean onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
    if (ev.isFromSource(InputDevice.SOURCE_MOUSE)
            && ev.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
            && ev.isButtonPressed(MotionEvent.BUTTON_PRIMARY)
            && isOnScrollbarThumb(ev.getX(), ev.getY())) {
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

private boolean dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(MotionEvent event, boolean cancel,
            View child, int desiredPointerIdBits) {
    final boolean handled;
    // ...
    if (child == null) {
        // 没有子View的话,调用父类(即View)的分发方法,并将结果作为消费结果返回
        handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(transformedEvent);
    } else {
        // 有子View的话,调用子View的分发方法,并将结果作为消费结果返回
        handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(transformedEvent);
    }
    // ...
    return handled;
}

/**
 * 位于View类中的dispatchTouchEvent()
 * 由于ViewGroup没有重写onTouchEvent(),因此实际上消费的逻辑还是使用的View的消费逻辑
 */
public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
    // ...
    // 消费的结果
    boolean result = false;
    // ...
    if (!result && onTouchEvent(event)) {
        result = true;
    }
    // ...
    return result;
}

/**
 * 在子View中遍历到目标,则加到链表头部,并且将mFirstTouchTarget实例化
 */
private TouchTarget addTouchTarget(@NonNull View child, int pointerIdBits) {
    final TouchTarget target = TouchTarget.obtain(child, pointerIdBits);
    target.next = mFirstTouchTarget;
    mFirstTouchTarget = target;
    return target;
}

整理一下整个过程:

  • Activity将事件分发到DecorView(本身也是ViewGroup)的dispatchTouchEvent()。
  • ViewGroup先判断事件拦截onInterceptTouchEvent(),如果不拦截,找到目标子View(ViewGroup或者View对象)进行分发,并返回消费结果。
  • 如果拦截了,则不再向下分发,而是由ViewGroup自己消费,并返回结果。
  • 可能有读者没看明白为什么不拦截最后调用的是super.dispatchTouchEvent(),在dispatchTouchEvent()中有两处调用resetTouchState()来将mFirstTouchTarget置空,因此每次进入dispatchTouchEvent()时,mFirstTouchTarget都为null,只有当不拦截时,才会进入循环体去找到目标子View,并且将mFirstTouchTarget实例化。

5. View中的流程

/**
 * 分发
 */
public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
    // ...
    // 消费的结果
    boolean result = false;
    // ...
    if (!result && onTouchEvent(event)) {
        result = true;
    }
    // ...
    return result;
}

/**
 * 消费
 */
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
    // ...
    final boolean clickable = ((viewFlags & CLICKABLE) == CLICKABLE
                || (viewFlags & LONG_CLICKABLE) == LONG_CLICKABLE)
                || (viewFlags & CONTEXT_CLICKABLE) == CONTEXT_CLICKABLE;
    // ...
    if (clickable || (viewFlags & TOOLTIP) == TOOLTIP) {
        switch (action) {
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
                // ...
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
                // ...
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL:
                // ...
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
                // ...
        }
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

/**
 * 指示此视图可在悬停或长按下时显示工具提示。
 * <p>Indicates this view can display a tooltip on hover or long press.</p>
 * {@hide}
 */
static final int TOOLTIP = 0x40000000;

View的情况比较简单,很容易理解:

  • View作为基类不能再向下分发了,只能消费。
  • 如果当前View可点击,就处理事件,并返回true作为消费结果。

4. 事件分发整体流程

Android中View的事件分发


五、 参考文献

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