docker的常用命令

一、帮助命令

docker version 查看版本信息
docker info 查看docker系统信息
docker --help 帮助命令

二、官网命令

三、镜像命令

docker images 查看所有本地主机上的镜像

[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest 08393e824c32 8 days ago 132MB
mysql latest 0d64f46acfd1 8 days ago 544MB
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 7 months ago 13.3kB
centos 7.5.1804 cf49811e3cdb 17 months ago 200MB

#解释
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID 镜像的ID
CREATED 镜像的创建时间
SIZE 镜像的大小

#可选项
-a, --all 列出所有镜像
-q, --quiet 只显示镜像的id

[root@docker ~]# docker images -a
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest 08393e824c32 8 days ago 132MB
mysql latest 0d64f46acfd1 8 days ago 544MB
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 7 months ago 13.3kB
centos 7.5.1804 cf49811e3cdb 17 months ago 200MB
[root@docker ~]# docker images -q
08393e824c32
0d64f46acfd1
bf756fb1ae65
cf49811e3cdb

四、镜像搜索

1、通过系统搜索

[root@docker ~]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 9834 [OK]

2、通过官网搜索

3、通过过滤来搜索

[root@docker ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=5000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 9834 [OK]

五、下载镜像

[root@docker ~]# docker pull mysql [:tag]
Using default tag: latest #不写版本，默认最后一个版本
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
Digest: sha256:c358e72e100ab493a0304bda35e6f239db2ec8c9bb836d8a427ac34307d074ed #签名
Status: Image is up to date for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest #真实地址

指定版本下载（官方必须有此版本）
docker pull mysql:5.7

[root@docker ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
bf5952930446: Already exists
8254623a9871: Already exists
938e3e06dac4: Already exists
ea28ebf28884: Already exists
f3cef38785c2: Already exists
894f9792565a: Already exists
1d8a57523420: Already exists
5f09bf1d31c1: Pull complete
1b6ff254abe7: Pull complete
74310a0bf42d: Pull complete
d398726627fd: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:da58f943b94721d46e87d5de208dc07302a8b13e638cd1d24285d222376d6d84
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

六、删除镜像

1、指定删除一个镜像

root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest 08393e824c32 8 days ago 132MB
mysql 5.7 718a6da099d8 8 days ago 448MB
mysql latest 0d64f46acfd1 8 days ago 544MB
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 7 months ago 13.3kB
centos 7.5.1804 cf49811e3cdb 17 months ago 200MB
[root@docker ~]# docker rmi -f 718a6da099d8
Untagged: mysql:5.7
Untagged: mysql@sha256:da58f943b94721d46e87d5de208dc07302a8b13e638cd1d24285d222376d6d84
Deleted: sha256:718a6da099d82183c064a964523c0deca80619cb033aadd15854771fe592a480
Deleted: sha256:058d93ef2bfb943ba6a19d8b679c702be96e34337901da9e1a07ad62b772bf3d
Deleted: sha256:7bca77783fcf15499a0386127dd7d5c679328a21b6566c8be861ba424ac13e49
Deleted: sha256:183d05512fa88dfa8c17abb9b6f09a79922d9e9ee001a33ef34d1bc094bf8f9f
Deleted: sha256:165805124136fdee738ed19021a522bb53de75c2ca9b6ca87076f51c27385fd7
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest 08393e824c32 8 days ago 132MB
mysql latest 0d64f46acfd1 8 days ago 544MB
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 7 months ago 13.3kB
centos 7.5.1804 cf49811e3cdb 17 months ago 200MB

2、删除所有镜像

> [root@docker ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)
Untagged: nginx:latest
Untagged: sha256:d0f104dc0a1f9c744b65b23b3fd4d4d3236b4656e67f776fe13f8ad8423b955c
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:49a1c8800c94df04e9658809b006fd8a686cab8028d33cfba2cc049724254202
Deleted: sha256:bf756fb1ae65adf866bd8c456593cd24beb6a0a061dedf42b26a993176745f6b
Untagged: centos:7.5.1804
Untagged: centos@sha256:7a45e4a1efbaafc1d9aa89925b6fdb33288a96d35ea0581412316e2f0ad3720a
Deleted: sha256:cf49811e3cdb94cbdfd645f3888d7add06a315449cf2c7ca7b81c312f1e46c63
Deleted: sha256:4826cdadf1ef360641a2f2745453e2e8bb30e3e82a683f4d1145e94bf1c18d9f
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

七、容器命令

说明：有了镜像才可以创建容器，linux下载一个centos镜像来测试
1、下载centos系统镜像

[root@docker ~]# docker pull centos
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/centos
3c72a8ed6814: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:76d24f3ba3317fa945743bb3746fbaf3a0b752f10b10376960de01da70685fbd
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
docker.io/library/centos:latest

2、启动并进入容器

[root@docker /]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@98b4fc885f15 /]#
[root@98b4fc885f15 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@98b4fc885f15 /]# exit
exit
[root@docker /]# ls
app backup blog code dev home lib64 mnt opt root sbin srv tmp usr workpress
application bin boot data etc lib media mysql proc run server sys tools var

参数说明
–name=“Name” 容器名字
-d 后台运行
-it 使用交互方式运行，查看容器内容
-p 指定容器的端口
-P 随机指定端口

3、列出所有运行的容器
docker ps 命令
-a #列出当前正在运行的容器并带出历史运行过的容器
-q #显示容器的编号

[root@docker /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
98b4fc885f15 centos “/bin/bash” 3 minutes ago Exited (0) 59 seconds ago adoring_mahavira
084f6d5df3c8 bf756fb1ae65 “/hello” 21 hours ago Exited (0) 21 hours ago sweet_pascal

4、退出容器
exit #直接容器停止并退出
Ctrl +P+Q #容器退出不停止

5、容器删除
docker rm 容器ID #删除未运行的容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) #删除所有容器

6、启动和停止容器
docker start 容器id #启动容器
docker restart 容器id #重启重启
docker stop 容器id #停止容器
docker kill 容器id #杀掉容器