redhat7安装Oracle12c数据库过程

一、Linux系统安装前准备

Linux系统版本为

1.调整系统swap分区大小

root用户下

[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x833eb6d8.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): e
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 4
First sector (2048-125829119, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-125829119, default 125829119): +20G
Partition 4 of type Extended and of size 20 GiB is set
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 1 extended, 3 free)
l logical (numbered from 5)
Select (default p): l
Adding logical partition 5
First sector (4096-41945087, default 4096): “回车”
Using default value 4096
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (4096-41945087, default 41945087): “回车”
Using default value 41945087
Partition 5 of type Linux and of size 20 GiB is set
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[[email protected] ~]# partprobe
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.
[[email protected] ~]# mkswap /dev/sdb5
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 20970492 KiB
no label, UUID=c985adf5-dbba-48e8-803b-cc34bd0c33b1

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/fstab

添加如下：

UUID=c985adf5-dbba-48e8-803b-cc34bd0c33b1 swap swap defaults 0 0

[[email protected] ~]# swapon -a
[[email protected] ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root 36G 6.2G 30G 18% /
devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.9G 140K 1.9G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.9G 8.8M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sr0 3.5G 3.5G 0 100% /media/cdrom
/dev/sda1 497M 119M 379M 24% /boot
[[email protected] ~]# free -h
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 3.7G 853M 2.9G 9.7M 1.4M 252M
-/+ buffers/cache: 599M 3.1G

Swap: 23G 0B 23G

2.配置yum仓库(本地磁盘镜像iso)

[[email protected] ~]vim etc/yum.repos.d/update.repo

[update]

name=update

baseurl=file:///media/cdrom

enabled=1

gpgcheck=0

[[email protected] ~]mkdir /media/cdrom

[[email protected] ~]vim /etc/fstab

/dev/cdrom /media/cdrom iso9660 defaults 0 0

[[email protected] ~]mount -a

3.关闭防火墙和selinux

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config

SELINUX=disabled

[[email protected] ~]# systemctl stop iptables.service

二、Oracle安装

1.下载Oracle需要的依赖包

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make binutils compat-libstdc++-33 glibc glbic-devel libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel unixODBC-devel sysstat ksh unzip compat-libcap*

2.添加账号跟用户组

[[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1
[[email protected] ~]# groupadd dba
[[email protected] ~]# groupadd oinstall
[[email protected] ~]# tail -5 /etc/group
sshd:x:74:
tcpdump:x:72:
yaopeidong:x:1000:
dba:x:1001:
oinstall:x:1002:
[[email protected] ~]# useradd -g dba -G oinstall oracle
[[email protected] ~]# id oracle
uid=1001(oracle) gid=1001(dba) groups=1001(dba),1002(oinstall)
[[email protected] ~]#

nging password for user oracle.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[[email protected] ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01

3.下载xshell 5

新建连接，输入IP地址，Linux系统root用户名和密码

redhat7安装Oracle12c数据库过程

创建存储文件目录，输入“rz”，调出上传文件窗口，选中文件，点击打开

redhat7安装Oracle12c数据库过程

4.配置Oracle环境变量

[[email protected] ~]# vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile

# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=oaec
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

5.修改/etc/sysctl.conf配置文件，红色字体为添加内容

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf

# System default settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/00-system.conf.

# To override those settings, enter new settings here, or in an /etc/sysctl.d/<name>.conf file
#
# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 4294967295

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

[[email protected] ~]# /sbin/sysctl -p
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

6.修改/etc/security/limits.conf 红色字体添加到文档末尾

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf

oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240

7.修改/etc/pam.d/login 红色字体为添加内容

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/pam.d/login

#%PAM-1.0
auth [user_unknown=ignore success=ok ignore=ignore default=bad] pam_securetty.so
auth substack system-auth
auth include postlogin
account required pam_nologin.so
account include system-auth
password include system-auth
# pam_selinux.so close should be the first session rule
session required pam_selinux.so close
session required pam_loginuid.so
session optional pam_console.so
# pam_selinux.so open should only be followed by sessions to be executed in the user context
session required pam_selinux.so open
session required pam_namespace.so
session optional pam_keyinit.so force revoke
session include system-auth
session include postlogin
-session optional pam_ck_connector.so

session required pam_limits.so

8.修改/etc/profile 文件末尾添加内容

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/profile

unset -f pathmunge
if [ $USER = "oracle" ];then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ];then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
umask 022
fi

三、开始安装Oracle

1.解压Oracledatabase的zip文件必须切换到oracle用户进行解压

[[email protected] ~]# su - oracle

[[email protected] ~]$ ls /var/oracledata/

linuxx64_12201_database.zip

[[email protected] ~]$ unzip /var/oracledata/linuxx64_12201_database.zip

redhat7安装Oracle12c数据库过程

2.oracle用户下，执行如下

redhat7安装Oracle12c数据库过程

报错：Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors

redhat7安装Oracle12c数据库过程

解决方法：

（1）切换到root用户

[[email protected] ~]# DISPLAY=:0.0;export DISPLAY
[[email protected] ~]# echo $DISPLAY

:0.0

[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/bin/
[[email protected] bin]# ./xhost
access control enabled, only authorized clients can connect
SI:localuser:root
[[email protected] bin]# ./xhost +
access control disabled, clients can connect from any host

（2）切换到oracle用户

[[email protected] ~]$ DISPLAY=:0.0;export DISPLAY
[[email protected] ~]$ echo $DISPLAY

:0.0

redhat7安装Oracle12c数据库过程