目录
[email protected]:Spring Boot的配置类
一、环境准备
环境约束
- –jdk1.8:Spring Boot 推荐jdk1.7及以上;java version "1.8.0_91"
- –maven3.x:maven 3.3以上版本;Apache Maven 3.5.4
- –IntelliJIDEA2017:IntelliJ IDEA 2018.1.4 x64
- –SpringBoot 1.5.9.RELEASE:1.5.9;
二、MAVEN设置
- 1.给maven 的settings.xml配置文件的profiles标签添加
- 2.IDEA设置整合maven进来;
三、创建Spring Boot的 HelloWorld程序
一个功能:浏览器发送hello请求,服务器接受请求并处理,响应Hello World字符串;
- 1.创建一个maven工程;(jar)
- 2.导入spring boot相关的依赖(pom.xml)
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
- 3.编写一个主程序(启动Spring Boot应用)
-
/** -
* @SpringBootApplication 来标注一个主程序类,说明这是一个Spring Boot应用 -
*/ -
@SpringBootApplication -
public class HelloWorldMainApplication { -
public static void main(String[] args) { -
// Spring应用启动起来 -
SpringApplication.run(HelloWorldMainApplication.class,args); -
} -
}
- 4.编写相关的Controller、Service
-
@EnableAutoConfiguration -
@Controller -
public class HelloController { -
@ResponseBody -
@RequestMapping("/hello") -
public String hello(){ -
return "Hello World!"; -
} -
}
- 5.运行主程序测试(localhost:8080/hello)
- 6.简化部署
(1)pom.xml加入打包插件配置
-
<!-- 这个插件,可以将应用打包成一个可执行的jar包;--> -
<build> -
<plugins> -
<plugin> -
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> -
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> -
</plugin> -
</plugins> -
</build>
(2)将这个应用打成jar包
(3)使用命令进行执行
cd jar包所在文件夹名
java -jar jar包名
四、Hello World探究
1、POM文件
- 父项目
-
<parent> -
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> -
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> -
<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version> -
</parent> -
<!-- 他的父项目是 --> -
<parent> -
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> -
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId> -
<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version> -
<relativePath>../../spring-boot-dependencies</relativePath> -
</parent> -
<!-- 他来真正管理Spring Boot应用里面的所有依赖版本; -
Spring Boot的版本仲裁中心; -
以后我们导入依赖默认是不需要写版本;(没有在dependencies里面管理的依赖自然需要声明版本号) -
-->
- 启动器
spring-boot-starter-web:
spring-boot-starter:spring-boot场景启动器;帮我们导入了web模块正常运行所依赖的组件;
SpringBoot将所有的功能场景都抽取出来,做成一个个的starters(启动器),
只需要在项目里面引入这些starter相关场景的所有依赖都会导入进来。
要用什么功能就导入什么场景的启动器。
-
<dependency> -
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> -
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> -
</dependency>
2、主程序类,主入口类
-
/** -
* @SpringBootApplication 来标注一个主程序类,说明这是一个Spring Boot应用 -
*/ -
@SpringBootApplication -
public class HelloWorldMainApplication { -
public static void main(String[] args) { -
// Spring应用启动起来 -
SpringApplication.run(HelloWorldMainApplication.class,args); -
} -
}
@SpringBootApplication: SpringBoot应用标注在某个类上说明这个类是SpringBoot的主配置类,SpringBoot就应该运行这个类的main方法来启动SpringBoot应用;
-
@Target({ElementType.TYPE}) -
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) -
@Documented -
@Inherited -
@SpringBootConfiguration -
@EnableAutoConfiguration -
@ComponentScan( -
excludeFilters = {@Filter( -
type = FilterType.CUSTOM, -
classes = {TypeExcludeFilter.class} -
), @Filter( -
type = FilterType.CUSTOM, -
classes = {AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class} -
)} -
) -
public @interface SpringBootApplication {
[email protected]:Spring Boot的配置类
标注在某个类上,表示这是一个Spring Boot的配置类;
-
@Target({ElementType.TYPE}) -
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) -
@Documented -
@Configuration -
public @interface SpringBootConfiguration {
- @Configuration:配置类上来标注这个注解;
配置类 ----- 配置文件;配置类也是容器中的一个组件;@Component
[email protected]:开启自动配置功能
以前我们需要配置的东西,SpringBoot帮我们自动配置;@EnableAutoConfiguration告诉SpringBoot开启自动配置功能;这样自动配置才能生效
-
@Target({ElementType.TYPE}) -
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) -
@Documented -
@Inherited -
@AutoConfigurationPackage -
@Import({EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class}) -
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {
- @AutoConfigurationPackage:自动配置包
-
@Target({ElementType.TYPE}) -
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) -
@Documented -
@Inherited -
@Import({Registrar.class}) -
public @interface AutoConfigurationPackage {
@Import(AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class):
Spring的底层注解@Import,给容器中导入一个组件;导入的组件由AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class;
-
static class Registrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar, DeterminableImports { -
Registrar() { -
} -
public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata metadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) { -
//拿到注解的包名进行扫描 -
//将主配置类(@SpringBootApplication标注的类)的所在包及下面所有子包里面的所有组件扫描到Spring容器; -
//只能扫描所在包及下面所有子包里的所有组件,包外面的组件扫描不到 -
AutoConfigurationPackages.register(registry, (new AutoConfigurationPackages.PackageImport(metadata)).getPackageName()); -
} -
}
- @Import(EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class):给容器中导入组件
EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector:导入哪些组件的选择器;将所有需要导入的组件以全类名的方式返回;这些组件就会被添加到容器中;
-
@Deprecated -
public class EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector extends AutoConfigurationImportSelector { -
//父类AutoConfigurationImportSelector里面有一个selectImports方法,这个方法告诉我们要导入哪些组件 -
//将所有需要导入的组件以全类名的方式返回;这些组件就会被添加到容器中; -
public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) { -
if (!this.isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) { -
return NO_IMPORTS; -
} else { -
try { -
AutoConfigurationMetadata autoConfigurationMetadata = AutoConfigurationMetadataLoader.loadMetadata(this.beanClassLoader); -
AnnotationAttributes attributes = this.getAttributes(annotationMetadata); -
//会给容器中导入非常多的自动配置类(xxxAutoConfiguration);就是给容器中导入这个场景需要的所有组件,并配置好这些组件; -
List<String> configurations = this.getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);//获取候选的配置文件 -
configurations = this.removeDuplicates(configurations); -
configurations = this.sort(configurations, autoConfigurationMetadata); -
Set<String> exclusions = this.getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes); -
this.checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions); -
configurations.removeAll(exclusions); -
configurations = this.filter(configurations, autoConfigurationMetadata); -
this.fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions); -
return (String[])configurations.toArray(new String[configurations.size()]); -
} catch (IOException var6) { -
throw new IllegalStateException(var6); -
} -
} -
}
会给容器中导入非常多的自动配置类(xxxAutoConfiguration);就是给容器中导入这个场景需要的所有组件,并配置好这些组件;有了自动配置类,免去了我们手动编写配置注入功能组件等的工作;
-
protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) { -
//SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(EnableAutoConfiguration.class,classLoader); -
List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(this.getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), this.getBeanClassLoader()); -
Assert.notEmpty(configurations, "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct."); -
return configurations; -
} -
//Spring Boot在启动的时候从类路径下的META-INF/spring.factories中获取EnableAutoConfiguration指定的值, -
//将这些值作为自动配置类导入到容器中,自动配置类就生效,帮我们进行自动配置工作; -
//以前我们需要自己配置的东西,自动配置类都帮我们; -
public static List<String> loadFactoryNames(Class<?> factoryClass, ClassLoader classLoader) { -
String factoryClassName = factoryClass.getName(); -
try { -
Enumeration<URL> urls = classLoader != null ? classLoader.getResources("META-INF/spring.factories") : ClassLoader.getSystemResources("META-INF/spring.factories"); -
ArrayList result = new ArrayList(); -
while(urls.hasMoreElements()) { -
URL url = (URL)urls.nextElement(); -
Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(new UrlResource(url)); -
String factoryClassNames = properties.getProperty(factoryClassName); -
result.addAll(Arrays.asList(StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(factoryClassNames))); -
} -
return result; -
} catch (IOException var8) { -
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load [" + factoryClass.getName() + "] factories from location [" + "META-INF/spring.factories" + "]", var8); -
} -
}
J2EE的整体整合解决方案和自动配置都在spring-boot-autoconfigure-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar;