URL: http://127.0.0.1:9200/likecs_art_db/_search<br>REQUEST:<pre>Array
(
    [query] => Array
        (
            [match] => Array
                (
                    [text] => Array
                        (
                            [query] => Java不走弯路教程（2.Hello,Java!）
                        )

                )

        )

    [highlight] => Array
        (
            [fields] => Array
                (
                    [text] => stdClass Object
                        (
                        )

                )

            [pre_tags] => #em#
            [post_tags] => #/em#
        )

    [size] => 8
    [from] => 0
)
</pre>RESPONSE:<pre>string(7978) "{"took":23,"timed_out":false,"_shards":{"total":1,"successful":1,"skipped":0,"failed":0},"hits":{"total":{"value":10000,"relation":"gte"},"max_score":53.496376,"hits":[{"_index":"likecs_art_db","_type":"_doc","_id":"16198","_score":53.496376,"_source":{"id":"16198","text":"Java\u4e0d\u8d70\u5f2f\u8def\u6559\u7a0b\uff082.Hello,Java!\uff09","intro":"\u76ee\u5f55\n\nECharts\n\u5f02\u6b65\u52a0\u8f7d\n\n\n\nECharts\r\n\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5e74\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u5bf9\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u671f\u671b\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u56fe\u8868\u521b\u5efa\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\r\nchart.setOption({\r\n    color: [\r\n        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</pre>URL: http://127.0.0.1:9200/likecs_art_db/_search<br>REQUEST:<pre>Array
(
    [query] => Array
        (
            [match] => Array
                (
                    [text] => Array
                        (
                            [query] => Java不走弯路教程（2.Hello,Java!）
                        )

                )

        )

    [highlight] => Array
        (
            [fields] => Array
                (
                    [text] => stdClass Object
                        (
                        )

                )

            [pre_tags] => #em#
            [post_tags] => #/em#
        )

    [size] => 8
    [from] => 8
)
</pre>RESPONSE:<pre>string(8186) "{"took":27,"timed_out":false,"_shards":{"total":1,"successful":1,"skipped":0,"failed":0},"hits":{"total":{"value":10000,"relation":"gte"},"max_score":53.496376,"hits":[{"_index":"likecs_art_db","_type":"_doc","_id":"424440","_score":30.30107,"_source":{"id":"424440","text":"Java\u5b66\u4e60\u4e4b\u8def\uff1a\u4e0d\u8d70\u5f2f\u8def\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6377\u5f84","intro":"\u76ee\u5f55\n\nECharts\n\u5f02\u6b65\u52a0\u8f7d\n\n\n\nECharts\r\n\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5e74\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u5bf9\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u671f\u671b\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u56fe\u8868\u521b\u5efa\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\r\nchart.setOption({\r\n    color: [\r\n        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                        <h1 class="page-title"><a href="/show-16198.html" title="Java不走弯路教程（2.Hello,Java!）">Java不走弯路教程（2.Hello,Java!）</a></h1>
            
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<p><strong>2.Hello,Java!</strong><br>  欢迎来到Java的世界，在上一章，我们已经完成了DOS的基本操作学习和Java的环境搭建，在本章中我们Java来完成一个简单的DOS程序。<br><br><strong>2.1 Hello,Java!</strong> <br>  首先，我们创建一个文件名为MyNotepad.java，保存到c:\work\001下，<br>  文件内内容如下：（注意文件名与文件内容的大小写，以后不再提示）<br><img src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTlwYldGblpYTXlNREU0TG1OdVlteHZaM011WTI5dEwySnNiMmN2TVRNd01qZzNNUzh5TURFNE1EUXZNVE13TWpnM01TMHlNREU0TURRek1ERTFNVFkwTkRnMk9TMHhNRGcwTURBeE16QXdMbkJ1Wnc9PQ==" alt=""></p>
<p>  然后启动DOS环境，输入如下命令：<br>  cd c:\work\001<br>  javac MyNotepad.java<br>  java MyNotepad<br><img src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTlwYldGblpYTXlNREU0TG1OdVlteHZaM011WTI5dEwySnNiMmN2TVRNd01qZzNNUzh5TURFNE1EUXZNVE13TWpnM01TMHlNREU0TURRek1ERTFNVGN4TVRFME5pMDROamN3T0RBMk1UVXVjRzVu" alt=""></p>
<p>  可以看到输出：Hello,Java!<br>  再次执行java MyNotepad，则无需再次编译。<br><br>  OK，我们完成了简单的DOS程序，请认真地理解这个过程，因为本教程接下来的内容，将是对这个过程的不断扩展，直至完成Java的学习。<br><br><strong>2.2 查看文件内容</strong><br>  现在有一个简单的需求：<br>  输入如下命令来查看文件a.txt的内容：<br>  java MyNotepad a.txt<br><br>  我们来简单的介绍一下刚才写的MyNotepad.java<br><img src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTlwYldGblpYTXlNREU0TG1OdVlteHZaM011WTI5dEwySnNiMmN2TVRNd01qZzNNUzh5TURFNE1EUXZNVE13TWpnM01TMHlNREU0TURRek1ERTFNVGMwTnpFME5DMHhOREkzTWpFeU9ERXlMbkJ1Wnc9PQ==" alt=""></p>
<p>  在上述程序中，分号代表以行的结束，大括号代表一个区块的结束。<br>  MyNotepad为类名，main为类入口，String[] args用来接收程序的参数，因为程序会有多个参数名比如<br>  java MyNotepad a.txt b.txt c.txt<br>  所以变量args的类型定义为一个可以接收多个字符串(String)的数组用来接收多个参数，如下图所示：<br><img src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTlwYldGblpYTXlNREU0TG1OdVlteHZaM011WTI5dEwySnNiMmN2TVRNd01qZzNNUzh5TURFNE1EUXZNVE13TWpnM01TMHlNREU0TURRek1ERTFNVGd3TlRNMU5DMHhOamcxT1RnMU5qSTNMbkJ1Wnc9PQ==" alt=""></p>
<p>  我们用[]表示该参数为数组。<br>  可以用如下的方法来取得数组中每一个元素的值：<br>  args[0],args[1],args[2]...<br><br>  注：Java中第一个元素下标为0<br><br>  我们试着来先来接收输入的参数，并输出到DOS界面：<br><br><img src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTlwYldGblpYTXlNREU0TG1OdVlteHZaM011WTI5dEwySnNiMmN2TVRNd01qZzNNUzh5TURFNE1EUXZNVE13TWpnM01TMHlNREU0TURRek1ERTFNVGd6TmpFME5DMHhOREl6TWpnMk56TXlMbkJ1Wnc9PQ==" alt=""></p>
<p>  注：加号用来连接两个字符串<br><br>  编译后运行：java MyNotepad a.txt<br>  输出Hello,a.txt<br><br>  /////////////////////////////////////<br>  休息一下，我们来看看这个过程是如何完成的：<br>  1.建立文件MyNotepad.java，并写入程序。<br>  2.输入命令javac MyNotepad.java来把程序编译成class文件（MyNotepad.class）<br>  我们称MyNotepad.java为源文件，MyNotepad.class为目标文件（执行文件）<br>  编译过程如下图所示<br><img src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTlwYldGblpYTXlNREU0TG1OdVlteHZaM011WTI5dEwySnNiMmN2TVRNd01qZzNNUzh5TURFNE1EUXZNVE13TWpnM01TMHlNREU0TURRek1ERTFNVGcxTmpZME1pMHhNVGczT1Rjek56Y3lMbkJ1Wnc9PQ==" alt=""></p>
<p>  这时大家可以把MyNotepad.java删除，因为程序执行是通过解析目标文件（.class文件）来完成的。<br>  我们用记事本打开.class文件看看其中内容，看不懂。。。，对，因为这是机器读的。相对于人来说，<br>  机器读class文件比读java文件更容易。<br>  所以我们需要一个编译过程来把java文件翻译成class文件，同样把class文件翻译成java文件的过程们称为反编译，本教程不讨论反编译的内容。<br><br>  3.我们运行Java程序，传入参数 MyNotepad a.txt<br>  这个过程中Java程序首先根据传入的参数MyNotepad去环境变量CLASSPATH中查找名为MyNotepad的类定义，即class MyNotepad的定义，<br>  因为我们设置了当前目录.在环境变量CLASSPATH中，所以Java程序在当前目录下找到了MyNotepad的类定义，然后调用该类的固定入口main方法,<br>  并将后续参数a.txt传入给main的args变量。<br>  注：在新版本的JDK中，无需设置环境变量CLASSPATH，编译器会自动查找相关的库文件，以后不再说明。<br><br>  4.main中将args的第一个传入参数args[0](a.txt)和之前的字符串Hello 拼接到一起，生成新的字符串Hello a.txt,然后作为参数<br>  传递给Syste.out.println方法，该方法将传递的参数"Hello a.txt"输出到DOS界面。<br><br>  总结：<br>  到目前为止我们接触了如下概念：<br>  类，函数/方法，参数<br>  注：函数和方法是同一概念<br>  可以用下图表示：<br>  public class 类名{<br>   -函数1<br>   -函数2<br>   -函数3<br>   ...<br>   -主函数main<br>  }<br><br>  其中函数定义如下<br>   public static 返回值 函数名(参数类型 参数名){}<br><br>  其中{}表示一个区块的开始和结束，比如类定义，函数定义。<br>  在如下命令来运行Java程序时，系统会默认调用名称为main的函数并将后续参数传递给main函数。（我们称main为主函数/主方法）<br>  java 类名<br><br>  函数的返回值我们将在后面介绍.<br><br>  //////////////////////////////////////////////<br><br>  接下来我们继续扩展这个程序<br><br>  对于System.out.println，我们将在后续章节中说明，因为本阶段我们理解不了这句话的具体含义，所以我们将他暂时隐藏起来。<br>  隐藏我们不想看到的内容，首先想到的就是把他变成方法调用，于是我们的程序变成这样：<br><img src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTlwYldGblpYTXlNREU0TG1OdVlteHZaM011WTI5dEwySnNiMmN2TVRNd01qZzNNUzh5TURFNE1EUXZNVE13TWpnM01TMHlNREU0TURRek1ERTFNVGt6TURRNU1pMHpOamMxTkRRNE5EWXVjRzVu" alt=""></p>
<p>  对于调用某个类的静态(static)函数，一般直接用 类名.函数名() 格式， 如果当前类则可以省略类名，如上面的程序。<br>  我们改称正式的格式如下：<br>  注：静态函数即函数定义中加入static关键字，我们将在后续章节中说明。<br><img src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTlwYldGblpYTXlNREU0TG1OdVlteHZaM011WTI5dEwySnNiMmN2TVRNd01qZzNNUzh5TURFNE1EUXZNVE13TWpnM01TMHlNREU0TURRek1ERTFNVGswT1RFek55MHhNRGM0TmpnMU1EQTNMbkJ1Wnc9PQ==" alt=""></p>
<p>  还是觉得不够清晰，我想把这个方法放到别的类中。<br>  新建一个文件MyUtil.java如下：<br><img src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTlwYldGblpYTXlNREU0TG1OdVlteHZaM011WTI5dEwySnNiMmN2TVRNd01qZzNNUzh5TURFNE1EUXZNVE13TWpnM01TMHlNREU0TURRek1ERTFNakF3TnpNNU5TMHhOemt5TURBeE9EWTJMbkJ1Wnc9PQ==" alt=""></p>
<p>修改MyNotepad.java如下：<br><img src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTlwYldGblpYTXlNREU0TG1OdVlteHZaM011WTI5dEwySnNiMmN2TVRNd01qZzNNUzh5TURFNE1EUXZNVE13TWpnM01TMHlNREU0TURRek1ERTFNakF6TXpVM055MHhNRFV4TmpreU1UVXVjRzVu" alt=""></p>
<p>  分别编译MyUtil和MyNotepad，并测试运行。<br>  注：只编译MyNotepad也可以，因为会自动编译关联的MyUtil。<br><br>  OK，程序基本上清晰了，可生成的文件还是在同一目录下，我想把这种工具类或者称为帮助函数放到单独的文件夹中，作为类库来使用。<br>  我们继续扩展：<br>  当前目录为c:\work\001<br>  我们在当前目录下创建新目录util和main<br>  然后将MyUtil.java放入util目录中，MyNotepad.java放入main目录中</p>
<p><img src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTlwYldGblpYTXlNREU0TG1OdVlteHZaM011WTI5dEwySnNiMmN2TVRNd01qZzNNUzh5TURFNE1EUXZNVE13TWpnM01TMHlNREU0TURRek1ERTFNakV4TkRnNU1DMDBNams1TWpNeE5qSXVjRzVu" alt="" width="553" height="377"></p>
<p>  我们称目录c:\work\001为工程根目录，程序的运行也要在工程的根目录下，因为CLASSPATH中设置了从当前路径(.)开始查找类文件。<br>  在编译和执行的时候我们要将目录名加入到类名前，如下所示：<br>  javac main\MyNotepad.java<br>  java main.MyNotepad<br><br>  先不要运行，还没说完。<br><br>  大家看到javac后面跟的是文件的路径，所以用windows的目录格式来定位文件。<br>  java后面跟的是类名，因为Java程序会自动地加载.class类文件。<br>  类名前的目录名我们称为包(package)名，这样防止了不同目录下相同文件无法定位的问题。<br><br>  所以正式的类名为 包名.类名<br><br>  所以我们要程序中声明自己所在的包（目录），修改MyNotepad.java如下：<br><br><img src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTlwYldGblpYTXlNREU0TG1OdVlteHZaM011WTI5dEwySnNiMmN2TVRNd01qZzNNUzh5TURFNE1EUXZNVE13TWpnM01TMHlNREU0TURRek1ERTFNakl4TXpjeE15MHhOelEzTmpnM01ETTVMbkJ1Wnc9PQ==" alt=""></p>
<p><br>  注：同时对MyUtil的调用也要用全名<br><br>  修改MyUtil如下：<br><img src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTlwYldGblpYTXlNREU0TG1OdVlteHZaM011WTI5dEwySnNiMmN2TVRNd01qZzNNUzh5TURFNE1EUXZNVE13TWpnM01TMHlNREU0TURRek1ERTFNakl6TkRVNU5pMHlPVGsxTWprMU56Y3VjRzVu" alt=""></p>
<p>  编译，运行：<br>javac main\MyNotepad.java<br>  java main.MyNotepad a.txt<br>  输出：Hello a.txt<br><img src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTlwYldGblpYTXlNREU0TG1OdVlteHZaM011WTI5dEwySnNiMmN2TVRNd01qZzNNUzh5TURFNE1EUXZNVE13TWpnM01TMHlNREU0TURRek1ERTFNak13TURneE5TMHhPVFl4TkRJM05qUXVjRzVu" alt="" width="582" height="461"></p>
<p>  观察MyNotepad.java中对util.MyUtil的调用，如果有许多个对util.MyUtil的调用，我们则要每次都写全名util.MyUtil。<br>  考虑程序的简洁性，我想只写MyUtil，那么需要在文件的头部加入声明：<br>  import util.*<br><br>  意思为导入util包(目录)下的的所有类文件<br><br>  于是程序变成这样：<br><img src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTlwYldGblpYTXlNREU0TG1OdVlteHZaM011WTI5dEwySnNiMmN2TVRNd01qZzNNUzh5TURFNE1EUXZNVE13TWpnM01TMHlNREU0TURRek1ERTFNak16TURjME55MHhPVEkwTWpZNU5EUXdMbkJ1Wnc9PQ==" alt=""></p>
<p>  OK,现在我们完全不用关心System.out.println这种输出的实现，只需要做函数/方法调用即可。<br><br>  继续扩展我们的程序：<br>  对于如下语句<br>  MyUtil.println("Hello "+args[0]);<br>  我们可以修改成：<br>  String message = "Hello "+args[0];<br>  MyUtil.println(message);<br><br>  在上面的语句中我们完成了变量的声明与赋值，即声明变量message为String类型，并且将"Hello "+args[0]的结果赋给message。<br><br>  变量声明的格式如下：<br>  变量类型 变量名；<br><br>  变量赋值的格式如下：<br>  变量名 = 值；<br><br>  其中变量的声明和赋值可以写在一起即：<br>  变量类型 变量名 = 值；<br><br>  Java中有三大类型，基本类型，自定义类型，String<br>  注：由于String比较特殊和常用，所以我们暂时把他单独提出为一个类型。<br>  基本类型包括：char,boolean,byte,short,int,long,float,double<br>  其中我们暂时只需要关注：char,boolean,int（全部小写）<br>  自定义类型即为class声明的类名，默认以大写字母开头，其中包括众多系统类，在此不一一列举。<br><br>  所以我们暂时关注的类型为：String,char,boolean,int,自定义类（包括众多系统类）<br>  我们的程序变成了这个样子：<br><img src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTlwYldGblpYTXlNREU0TG1OdVlteHZaM011WTI5dEwySnNiMmN2TVRNd01qZzNNUzh5TURFNE1EUXZNVE13TWpnM01TMHlNREU0TURRek1ERTFNak0wT0RNM05TMHlOelUwTURrME9ESXVjRzVu" alt=""></p>
<p>  我在MyUtil中加入了读文件的方法，定义如下：<br>  public static String getFileContent(String fileName)<br>  他可以根据传入的文件名，读取当前目录下的文件并返回文件内容。<br>  我们不用关心具体实现，只需要调用即可。class文件可以从这里下载。<br><br>  于是我们完成本章的目标，修改程序如下：<br><img src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTlwYldGblpYTXlNREU0TG1OdVlteHZaM011WTI5dEwySnNiMmN2TVRNd01qZzNNUzh5TURFNE1EUXZNVE13TWpnM01TMHlNREU0TURRek1ERTFNalF3TnpNNE5DMDVNVEl3TlRRek1EWXVjRzVu" alt=""></p>
<p><img src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTlwYldGblpYTXlNREU0TG1OdVlteHZaM011WTI5dEwySnNiMmN2TVRNd01qZzNNUzh5TURFNE1EUXZNVE13TWpnM01TMHlNREU0TURRek1ERTFNalF5TVRVek9TMDFNVE15T0RBMk16VXVjRzVu" alt=""></p>
<p>  将a.txt放入c:\work\001下，编译运行程序如下：<br>  javac main\MyNotepad.java<br>  java main.MyNotepad a.txt<br>  输出：abc<br><img src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTlwYldGblpYTXlNREU0TG1OdVlteHZaM011WTI5dEwySnNiMmN2TVRNd01qZzNNUzh5TURFNE1EUXZNVE13TWpnM01TMHlNREU0TURRek1ERTFNalEwTmpZMU1TMDFNak0wTlRJeE9EQXVjRzVu" alt="" width="584" height="390"></p>
<p><img src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTlwYldGblpYTXlNREU0TG1OdVlteHZaM011WTI5dEwySnNiMmN2TVRNd01qZzNNUzh5TURFNE1EUXZNVE13TWpnM01TMHlNREU0TURRek1ERTFNalExTnpFMU1DMDNOVGd6T1RjMk5UWXVjRzVu" alt="" width="582" height="270"></p>
<p>  很简单？是的，因为类似于读文件，输出内容等操作都被封装到工具类中，所以到这里，你只需要掌握环境搭建，运行，变量的声明，赋值和函数的调用。<br>  大家暂时不要关心我封装到MyUtil里的是什么东西，怎么写的，写的对不对，好不好。<br>  你只需要知道如何调用，传入什么参数，返回什么结果，就可以了。<br>  因为程序制造是一个庞大的工程，需要团队协同工作，一个程序员不可能理解所有的东西，所以你更需要关心的是自己的程序的正确性，输入输出，如何调用别人提供的接口，而不是关心全部。<br>  保证全部理解自己范围内的程序，并且保证写出程序的优雅和简洁性是很重要的。<br><br>  注：本教程只串讲Java学习主线内容和学习方法，如果大家对本教程涉及的知识感到吃力，请在阅读过程中自行补充相关的知识点。</p>
<p>版权声明：本教程版权归java123.vip所有，禁止任何形式的转载与引用。</p>
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