爬虫的小伙伴,肯定经常遇到ip被封的情况,而现在网络上的代理ip免费的已经很难找了,那么现在就用python的requests库从爬取代理ip，创建一个ip代理池，以备使用。
本代码包括ip的爬取，检测是否可用，可用保存，通过函数get_proxies可以获得ip，如：{\'HTTPS\': \'106.12.7.54:8118\'}
下面放上源代码，并详细注释：
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import requests
from lxml import etree
from requests.packages import urllib3
import random, time
urllib3.disable_warnings() def spider(pages, max_change_porxies_times=300):
"""
抓取 XiciDaili.com 的 http类型-代理ip-和端口号
将所有抓取的ip存入 raw_ips.csv 待处理, 可用 check_proxies() 检查爬取到的代理ip是否可用
-----
:param pages:要抓取多少页
:return:无返回
"""
s = requests.session()
s.trust_env = False
s.verify = False
urls =com/nn/{}\'
proxies = {}
try_times = 0
for i in range(pages):
url = urls.format(i + 1)
s.headers = {
\'Accept\': \'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8\',
\'Accept-Encoding\': \'gzip, deflate, br\',
\'Accept-Language\': \'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9\',
\'Connection\': \'keep-alive\',
\'Referer\': urls.format(i if i > 0 else \'\'),
\'User-Agent\': \'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/68.0.3440.75 Safari/537.36\'}
while True:
content = s.get(url, headers=s.headers, proxies=proxies)
time.sleep(random.uniform(1.5, 4)) # 每读取一次页面暂停一会,否则会被封
if content.status_code == 503: # 如果503则ip被封,就更换ip
proxies = get_proxies()
try_times += 1
print(f\'第{str(try_times):0>3s}次变更,当前{proxies}\')
if try_times > max_change_porxies_times:
print(\'超过最大尝试次数,连接失败!\')
return -1
continue
else:
break # 如果返回码是200 ,就跳出while循环,对爬取的页面进行处理
print(f\'正在抓取第{i+1}页数据,共{pages}页\')
for j in range(2, 102): # 用简单的xpath提取http,host和port
tree = etree.HTML(content.text)
http = tree.xpath(f\'//table[@id="ip_list"]/tr[{j}]/td[6]/text()\')[0]
host = tree.xpath(f\'//table[@id="ip_list"]/tr[{j}]/td[2]/text()\')[0]
port = tree.xpath(f\'//table[@id="ip_list"]/tr[{j}]/td[3]/text()\')[0]
check_proxies(http, host, port) # 检查提取的代理ip是否可用
"""
检测给定的ip信息是否可用
根据http,host,port组成proxies,对test_url进行连接测试,如果通过,则保存在 ips_pool.csv 中
:param http: 传输协议类型
:param host: 主机
:param port: 端口号
:param test_url: 测试ip
:return: None
"""
proxies = {http: host + \':\' + port}
try:
res = requests.get(test_url, proxies=proxies, timeout=2)
if res.status_code == 200:
print(f\'{proxies}检测通过\')
with open(\'ips_pool.csv\', \'a+\') as f:
f.write(\',\'.join([http, host, port]) + \'\n\')
except Exception as e: # 检测不通过,就不保存,别让报错打断程序
print(e)
def check_local_ip(fn, test_url):
"""
检查存放在本地ip池的代理ip是否可用
通过读取fn内容,加载每一条ip对test_url进行连接测试,链接成功则储存在 ips_pool.csv 文件中
:param fn: filename,储存代理ip的文件名
:param test_url: 要进行测试的ip
:return: None
"""
with open(fn, \'r\') as f:
datas = f.readlines()
ip_pools = []
for data in datas:
# time.sleep(1)
ip_msg = data.strip().split(\',\')
http = ip_msg[0]
host = ip_msg[1]
port = ip_msg[2]
proxies = {http: host + \':\' + port}
try:
res = requests.get(test_url, proxies=proxies, timeout=2)
if res.status_code == 200:
ip_pools.append(data)
print(f\'{proxies}检测通过\')
with open(\'ips_pool.csv\', \'a+\') as f:
f.write(\',\'.join([http, host, port]) + \'\n\')
except Exception as e:
print(e)
continue
def get_proxies(ip_pool_name=\'ips_pool.csv\'):
"""
从ip池获得一个随机的代理ip
:param ip_pool_name: str,存放ip池的文件名,
:return: 返回一个proxies字典,形如:{\'HTTPS\': \'106.12.7.54:8118\'}
"""
with open(ip_pool_name, \'r\') as f:
datas = f.readlines()
ran_num = random.choice(datas)
ip = ran_num.strip().split(\',\')
proxies = {ip[0]: ip[1] + \':\' + ip[2]}
return proxies
if __name__ == \'__main__\':
t1 = time.time()
spider(pages=3400)
t2 = time.time()
print(\'抓取完毕,时间:\', t2 - t1)
# check_local_ip(\'raw_ips.csv\',\'http://www.baidu.com\')
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以上就是python爬虫构建代理ip池抓取数据库的示例代码的详细内容