Python实现FTP服务功能

本文从以下三个方面, 阐述Python如何搭建FTP服务器

一. Python搭建FTP服务器

1. 搭建FTP服务器的Server端

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from pyftpdlib.authorizers import DummyAuthorizer
from  pyftpdlib.handlers  import FTPHandler
from  pyftpdlib.servers import FTPServer
# 实例化DummyAuthorizer来创建ftp用户
authorizer = DummyAuthorizer()
# 参数：用户名，密码，目录，权限
authorizer.add_user(\'admin\', \'123456\', r\'C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\ftp\', perm=\'elradfmwMT\')
# 匿名登录
# authorizer.add_anonymous(\'/home/nobody\')
handler = FTPHandler
handler.authorizer = authorizer
# 参数：IP，端口，handler
server = FTPServer((\'0.0.0.0\', 2121), handler)           #设置为0.0.0.0为本机的IP地址
server.serve_forever()

2. FTP服务器的客户端连接

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from ftplib import FTP
import time,tarfile,os


#连接ftp
def ftpconnect(host,port, username, password):
    ftp = FTP()
    # 打开调试级别2，显示详细信息
    # ftp.set_debuglevel(2)
    ftp.connect(host, port)
    ftp.login(username, password)
    return ftp

#从ftp下载文件
def downloadfile(ftp, remotepath, localpath):
    # 设置的缓冲区大小
    bufsize = 1024
    fp = open(localpath, \'wb\')
    ftp.retrbinary(\'RETR \' + remotepath, fp.write, bufsize)
    ftp.set_debuglevel(0)# 参数为0，关闭调试模式
    fp.close()

#从本地上传文件到ftp
def uploadfile(ftp, remotepath, localpath):
    bufsize = 1024
    fp = open(localpath, \'rb\')
    ftp.storbinary(\'STOR \' + remotepath, fp, bufsize)
    ftp.set_debuglevel(0)
    fp.close()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    #host,port, username, password
    ftp = ftpconnect("192.168.10.113", 2121,"admin", "123456")
    #下载文件，第一个是ftp服务器路径下的文件，第二个是要下载到本地的路径文件
    downloadfile(ftp, "/12.mp3", r"C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\ftp\download\test.mp3")
    # 上传文件，第一个是要上传到ftp服务器路径下的文件，第二个是本地要上传的的路径文件
    uploadfile(ftp, \'/upload/1.txt\', "C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/1.txt")
    # ftp.close() #关闭ftp
    # #调用本地播放器播放下载的视频
    # os.system(\'start D:\soft\kugou\KGMusic\KuGou.exe C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\ftp\test.mp3\')

    print(ftp.getwelcome())# 打印出欢迎信息
    # 获取当前路径
    pwd_path = ftp.pwd()
    print("FTP当前路径:", pwd_path)
    # 显示目录下所有目录信息
    # ftp.dir()
    # 设置FTP当前操作的路径
    ftp.cwd(\'/upload/\')
    # 返回一个文件名列表
    filename_list = ftp.nlst()
    print(filename_list)

    ftp.mkd(\'目录名\')# 新建远程目录
    ftp.rmd(\'目录名\')  # 删除远程目录
    ftp.delete(\'文件名\')  # 删除远程文件
    ftp.rename(\'fromname\', \'toname\')  # 将fromname修改名称为toname

    # 逐行读取ftp文本文件
    file = \'/upload/1.txt\'
    # ftp.retrlines(\'RETR %s\' % file)
    #与 retrlines()类似，只是这个指令处理二进制文件。回调函数 cb 用于处理每一块（块大小默认为 8KB）下载的数据
    # ftp.retrbinary(\'RETR %s\' % file)

二. FTP函数释义

Python中默认安装的ftplib模块定义了FTP类，其中函数有限，可用来实现简单的ftp客户端，用于上传或下载文件，函数列举如下

ftp登陆连接
from ftplib import FTP            #加载ftp模块
ftp=FTP()                         #设置变量
ftp.set_debuglevel(2)             #打开调试级别2，显示详细信息
ftp.connect("IP","port")          #连接的ftp sever和端口
ftp.login("user","password")      #连接的用户名，密码
print ftp.getwelcome()            #打印出欢迎信息
ftp.cmd("xxx/xxx")                #进入远程目录
bufsize=1024                      #设置的缓冲区大小
filename="filename.txt"           #需要下载的文件
file_handle=open(filename,"wb").write #以写模式在本地打开文件
ftp.retrbinaly("RETR filename.txt",file_handle,bufsize) #接收服务器上文件并写入本地文件
ftp.set_debuglevel(0)             #关闭调试模式
ftp.quit()                        #退出ftp

ftp相关命令操作
ftp.cwd(pathname)                 #设置FTP当前操作的路径
ftp.dir()                         #显示目录下所有目录信息
ftp.nlst()                        #获取目录下的文件
ftp.mkd(pathname)                 #新建远程目录
ftp.pwd()                         #返回当前所在位置
ftp.rmd(dirname)                  #删除远程目录
ftp.delete(filename)              #删除远程文件
ftp.rename(fromname, toname)#将fromname修改名称为toname。
ftp.storbinaly("STOR filename.txt",file_handel,bufsize)  #上传目标文件
ftp.retrbinary("RETR filename.txt",file_handel,bufsize)  #下载FTP文件

FTP.quit()与FTP.close()的区别

FTP.quit():发送QUIT命令给服务器并关闭掉连接。这是一个比较“缓和”的关闭连接方式，但是如果服务器对QUIT命令返回错误时，会抛出异常。

FTP.close()：单方面的关闭掉连接，不应该用在已经关闭的连接之后，例如不应用在FTP.quit()之后。

FTP对象方法说明

login(user=’anonymous’,passwd=”, acct=”) 登录 FTP 服务器，所有参数都是可选的
pwd() 获得当前工作目录
cwd(path) 把当前工作目录设置为 path 所示的路径
dir ([path[,…[,cb]]) 显示 path 目录里的内容，可选的参数 cb 是一个回调函数，会传递给 retrlines()方法
nlst ([path[,…]) 与 dir()类似， 但返回一个文件名列表，而不是显示这些文件名
retrlines(cmd [, cb]) 给定 FTP命令（如“ RETR filename”），用于下载文本文件。可选的回调函数 cb 用于处理文件的每一行
retrbinary(cmd,cb[,bs=8192[, ra]]) 与 retrlines()类似，只是这个指令处理二进制文件。回调函数 cb 用于处理每一块（块大小默认为 8KB）下载的数据
storlines(cmd, f) 给定 FTP 命令（如“ STOR filename”），用来上传文本文件。要给定一个文件对象 f
storbinary(cmd, f,[,bs=8192]) 与 storlines()类似，只是这个指令处理二进制文件。要给定一个文件对象 f，上传块大小 bs 默认为 8KB
rename(old, new) 把远程文件 old 重命名为 new
delete(path) 删除位于 path 的远程文件
mkd(directory) 创建远程目录
rmd(directory) 删除远程目录
quit() 关闭连接并退出

三. 查看目录结构

ftp.dir() 能显示目录下的文件信息，考虑到要分别对文件夹个数和文件数目进行统计，文件夹下存在文件夹和文件嵌套；将dir()后的目录信息放入列表，对列表进行操作；进入子文件夹后进行递归调用操作。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
from ftplib import FTP
 
ftp = FTP()
ftp.connect(\'132.121.xx.xxx\', \'xx909\')
ftp.login(\'crmyun_xxx\', \'wyjjjjxJ\')
sum1 = 0
sum2 = 0
value = 0
 
def search_file(start_dir):
 ftp.cwd(start_dir)
 print ftp.pwd()
 dir_res = []
 ftp.dir(\'.\', dir_res.append) #对当前目录进行dir()，将结果放入列表
 for i in dir_res:
  if i.startswith("d"):
   global sum1 
   sum1 += 1
   search_file(ftp.pwd()+"/"+i.split(" ")[-1])
   ftp.cwd(\'..\')
  else:
   global sum2, value
   sum2 += 1
   val = i.split(" ")[-1]
   value += ftp.size(val)
   if ftp.pwd().endswith(\'/\'):    
#    print ftp.pwd()+val+"  "+str(ftp.size(val))+" B" #打印出每个文件路径和大小
    pass
   else:    
#    print ftp.pwd()+"/"+val+"  "+str(ftp.size(val))+" B"
    pass
def sum_file(file_path):
 search_file(file_path)
 print "folder number is "+str(sum1)+", file number is "+str(sum2)+", Totle size is "+str(value)+" B"
  
 
if __name__ == \'__main__\':
 sum_file("/apps/crmyun/crmyun_755")

展示结果：

四. 上传下载程序

完整上传程序

Python中默认安装的ftplib模块定义了FTP类，其中函数有限，可用来实现简单的ftp客户端，用于上传或下载文件

# coding: utf-8
from ftplib import FTP
import time
import tarfile
import os
# !/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
from ftplib import FTP
 
def ftpconnect(host, username, password):
 ftp = FTP()
 # ftp.set_debuglevel(2)
 ftp.connect(host, 21)
 ftp.login(username, password)
 return ftp
 
#从ftp下载文件
def downloadfile(ftp, remotepath, localpath):
 bufsize = 1024
 fp = open(localpath, \'wb\')
 ftp.retrbinary(\'RETR \' + remotepath, fp.write, bufsize)
 ftp.set_debuglevel(0)
 fp.close()
 
#从本地上传文件到ftp
def uploadfile(ftp, remotepath, localpath):
 bufsize = 1024
 fp = open(localpath, \'rb\')
 ftp.storbinary(\'STOR \' + remotepath, fp, bufsize)
 ftp.set_debuglevel(0)
 fp.close()
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
 ftp = ftpconnect("113.105.139.xxx", "ftp***", "Guest***")
 downloadfile(ftp, "Faint.mp4", "C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/test.mp4")
 #调用本地播放器播放下载的视频
 os.system(\'start "C:\Program Files\Windows Media Player\wmplayer.exe" "C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/test.mp4"\')
 uploadfile(ftp, "C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/test.mp4", "test.mp4")
 
 ftp.quit()

server main 代码：

# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
import os, sys, json, hashlib, socketserver, time
 
base_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
sys.path.append(base_dir)
from conf import userdb_set
class Ftp_server(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):
 user_home_dir = \'\'
 def auth(self, *args):
  \'\'\'验证用户名及密码\'\'\'
  cmd_dic = args[0]
  username = cmd_dic["username"]
  password = cmd_dic["password"]
  f = open(userdb_set.userdb_set(), \'r\')
  user_info = json.load(f)
  if username in user_info.keys():
   if password == user_info[username]:
    self.request.send(\'0\'.encode())
    os.chdir(\'/home/%s\' % username)
    self.user_home_dir = os.popen(\'pwd\').read().strip()
    data = "%s login successed" % username
    self.loging(data)
   else:
    self.request.send(\'1\'.encode())
    data = "%s login failed" % username
    self.loging(data)
    f.close
  else:
   self.request.send(\'1\'.encode())
   data = "%s login failed" % username
   self.loging(data)
   f.close
   ##########################################
 
 def get(self, *args):
  \'\'\'给客户端传输文件\'\'\'
  request_code = {
   \'0\': \'file is ready to get\',
   \'1\': \'file not found!\'
  }
  cmd_dic = args[0]
  self.loging(json.dumps(cmd_dic))
  filename = cmd_dic["filename"]
  if os.path.isfile(filename):
   self.request.send(\'0\'.encode(\'utf-8\')) # 确认文件存在
   self.request.recv(1024)
   self.request.send(str(os.stat(filename).st_size).encode(\'utf-8\'))
   self.request.recv(1024)
   m = hashlib.md5()
   f = open(filename, \'rb\')
   for line in f:
    m.update(line)
    self.request.send(line)
   self.request.send(m.hexdigest().encode(\'utf-8\'))
   print(\'From server:Md5 value has been sended!\')
   f.close()
  else:
   self.request.send(\'1\'.encode(\'utf-8\'))
   ###########################################
 
 def cd(self, *args):
  \'\'\'执行cd命令\'\'\'
  user_current_dir = os.popen(\'pwd\').read().strip()
  cmd_dic = args[0]
  self.loging(json.dumps(cmd_dic))
  path = cmd_dic[\'path\']
  if path.startswith(\'/\'):
   if self.user_home_dir in path:
    os.chdir(path)
    new_dir = os.popen(\'pwd\').read()
    user_current_dir = new_dir
    self.request.send(\'Change dir successfully!\'.encode("utf-8"))
    data = \'Change dir successfully!\'
    self.loging(data)
   elif os.path.exists(path):
    self.request.send(\'Permission Denied!\'.encode("utf-8"))
    data = \'Permission Denied!\'
    self.loging(data)
   else:
    self.request.send(\'Directory not found!\'.encode("utf-8"))
    data = \'Directory not found!\'
    self.loging(data)
  elif os.path.exists(path):
   os.chdir(path)
   new_dir = os.popen(\'pwd\').read().strip()
   if self.user_home_dir in new_dir:
    self.request.send(\'Change dir successfully!\'.encode("utf-8"))
    user_current_dir = new_dir
    data = \'Change dir successfully!\'
    self.loging(data)
   else:
    os.chdir(user_current_dir)
    self.request.send(\'Permission Denied!\'.encode("utf-8"))
    data = \'Permission Denied!\'
    self.loging(data)
  else:
   self.request.send(\'Directory not found!\'.encode("utf-8"))
   data = \'Directory not found!\'
   self.loging(data)
   ###########################################
 
 def rm(self, *args):
  request_code = {
   \'0\': \'file exist,and Please confirm whether to rm\',
   \'1\': \'file not found!\'
  }
  cmd_dic = args[0]
  self.loging(json.dumps(cmd_dic))
  filename = cmd_dic[\'filename\']
  if os.path.exists(filename):
   self.request.send(\'0\'.encode("utf-8")) # 确认文件存在
   client_response = self.request.recv(1024).decode()
   if client_response == \'0\':
    os.popen(\'rm -rf %s\' % filename)
    self.request.send((\'File %s has been deleted!\' % filename).encode("utf-8"))
    self.loging(\'File %s has been deleted!\' % filename)
   else:
    self.request.send((\'File %s not deleted!\' % filename).encode("utf-8"))
    self.loging(\'File %s not deleted!\' % filename)
  else:
   self.request.send(\'1\'.encode("utf-8"))
   ########################################
 
 def pwd(self, *args):
  \'\'\'执行pwd命令\'\'\'
  cmd_dic = args[0]
  self.loging(json.dumps(cmd_dic))
  server_response = os.popen(\'pwd\').read().strip().encode("utf-8")
  self.request.send(server_response)
 
 #############################################
 def ls(self, *args):
  \'\'\'执行ls命名\'\'\'
  cmd_dic = args[0]
  self.loging(json.dumps(cmd_dic))
  path = cmd_dic[\'path\']
  cmd = \'ls -l %s\' % path
  server_response = os.popen(cmd).read().encode("utf-8")
  self.request.send(server_response)
 
 ############################################
 def put(self, *args):
  \'\'\'接收客户端文件\'\'\'
  cmd_dic = args[0]
  self.loging(json.dumps(cmd_dic))
  filename = cmd_dic["filename"]
  filesize = cmd_dic["size"]
  if os.path.isfile(filename):
   f = open(filename + \'.new\', \'wb\')
  else:
   f = open(filename, \'wb\')
  request_code = {
   \'200\': \'Ready to recceive data!\',
   \'210\': \'Not ready to received data!\'
  }
  self.request.send(\'200\'.encode())
  receive_size = 0
  while True:
   if receive_size < filesize:
    data = self.request.recv(1024)
    f.write(data)
    receive_size += len(data)
   else:
    data = "File %s has been uploaded successfully!" % filename
    self.loging(data)
    print(data)
    break
 
    ################################################
 
 def mkdir(self, *args):
  request_code = {
   \'0\': \'Directory has been made!\',
   \'1\': \'Directory is aleady exist!\'
  }
  cmd_dic = args[0]
  self.loging(json.dumps(cmd_dic))
  dir_name = cmd_dic[\'dir_name\']
  if os.path.exists(dir_name):
   self.request.send(\'1\'.encode("utf-8"))
  else:
   os.popen(\'mkdir %s\' % dir_name)
   self.request.send(\'0\'.encode("utf-8"))
 
   #############################################
 
  def loging(self, data):
  \'\'\'日志记录\'\'\'
  localtime = time.asctime(time.localtime(time.time()))
  log_file = \'/root/ftp/ftpserver/log/server.log\'
  with open(log_file, \'a\', encoding=\'utf-8\') as f:
   f.write(\'%s-->\' % localtime + data + \'\n\')
   ##############################################
 
 def handle(self):
  # print("您本次访问使用的IP为:%s" %self.client_address[0])
  # localtime = time.asctime( time.localtime(time.time()))
  # print(localtime)
 
  while True:
   try:
    self.data = self.request.recv(1024).decode() #
    # print(self.data)
    cmd_dic = json.loads(self.data)
    action = cmd_dic["action"]
    # print("用户请求%s"%action)
    if hasattr(self, action):
     func = getattr(self, action)
     func(cmd_dic)
   except Exception as e:
    self.loging(str(e))
    break
 
def run():
 HOST, PORT = \'0.0.0.0\', 6969
 print("The server is started,and listenning at port 6969")
 server = socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer((HOST, PORT), Ftp_server)
 server.serve_forever()
if __name__ == \'__main__\':
 run()

设置用户口令代码：

#_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
import os,json,hashlib,sys
 
base_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
userdb_file = base_dir+"\data\\userdb"
# print(userdb_file)
def userdb_set():
 if os.path.isfile(userdb_file):
  # print(userdb_file)
  return userdb_file
 else:
  print(\'请先为您的服务器创建用户！\')
  user_data = {}
  dict={}
  Exit_flags = True
  while Exit_flags:
   username = input("Please input username:")
   if username != \'exit\':
    password = input("Please input passwod:")
    if password != \'exit\':
      user_data.update({username:password})
      m = hashlib.md5()
      # m.update(\'hello\')
      # print(m.hexdigest())
      for i in user_data:
       # print(i,user_data[i])
       m.update(user_data[i].encode())
       dict.update({i:m.hexdigest()})
    else:
     break
   else:
    break
  f = open(userdb_file,\'w\')
  json.dump(dict,f)
  f.close()
 return userdb_file

参考文章：

python的ftplib包介绍：https://docs.python.org/3/library/ftplib.html
https://blog.csdn.net/xc_zhou/article/details/81021414
https://www.jb51.net/article/142388.htm
https://www.jb51.net/article/109429.htm
https://www.cnblogs.com/hltswd/p/6228992.html